Amplification and expression of oncogenes in human malignant tumors--organ or tissue specificity and prognosis

We investigated the amplification and expression of oncogenes in human cancerous and noncancerous tissues, and clarified the correlation between the biological characteristics and them. Amplification of c-erb B oncogene is detected in 12% of squamous cancer tissues such as cancer of the lung and esophagus, but not others. That of c-erb A and c-erb B-2 oncogenes is, specifically, detected in 20-25% of breast cancers. On the other hand, amplification of c-myc is detected in 10-20% of various cancers. EGF receptors is highly and specifically, overexpressed in squamous cancers, and the prognosis of the patients with amplification and overexpression of c-erb B oncogenes is poor.     

microRNA与乳腺癌转移、复发的关系

miRNAs是一类广泛存在于真核细胞中的长约22 nt的单链、非编码的小分子RNAs,具有转录后基因调控的功能,能够调节细胞增生、凋亡以及分化等多种生物学过程.近年来研究发现,miRNA与肿瘤的侵袭、转移与复发关系密切.本文就miRNA的主要特点及其与乳腺癌转移、复发的关系的研究进展予以综述.     

Enhanced expression of the sis and c-myc oncogenes in human meningiomas

In 19 human meningiomas (14 primary and four recurrent tumors and one tumor transplanted into athymic nude mice), oncogene expression, amplification, and rearrangement, and loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22 were examined. Compared to nontumor brain tissue, there was greater than a fivefold expression of the sis oncogene in six (40%) of 15 tumors studied and of the c-myc oncogene in 12 (63%) of the total 19 tumors. Expression of the sis gene was lower in the recurrent tumors than in the primary cases, and there was no detectable expression in anaplastic meningioma cells. Rearrangement of the sis gene was found in one meningioma. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22 was detected in two of the five informative heterozygous cases. Expression of the c-myc gene was higher in cases with a loss of heterozygosity than in those without. These results suggest that the sis and c-myc oncogenes are associated with tumorigenicity and that c-myc may induce meningiomas through loss of the putative tumor suppressor gene.     

gsp癌基因在国人肢端肥大症患者垂体肿瘤中的表达

目的 观察ｇｓｐ癌基因在国人肢端肥大症患者垂体肿瘤中的表达。方法 采用ＰＣＲ－ＤＮＡ直接序列分析方法,观察１８例肢端肥大症患者垂体肿瘤组织中ｇｓｐ癌基因的突变。结果 １８例病人中６例（３３．３％）ｇｓｐ癌基因阳性,４例位于编码Ｇｓａ２０１号密码子上（３例为ＣＧＴ－ＴＧＴ,１例为ＣＧＴ－ＣＡＴ）,２例位于编码Ｇｓａ２２７号密码子上（ＣＡＧ－ＣＴＧ）。结论 ｇｓｐ癌基因在国人肢端肥大症患者垂体肿瘤中的     

恶性内分泌肿瘤肝转移的肝移植治疗

在机体的肺、胃肠道等处广泛、散在地分布着许多具有内分泌作用的细胞,称为神经内分泌细胞（neuroendocrine cell）,起源于胃肠道和胰腺神经内分泌细胞的肿瘤称为胃肠胰内分泌肿瘤（gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocnne,GEP）．GEP分为类癌和胰腺内分泌肿瘤,该类肿瘤常发生肝转移．现就该领域的肝移植治疗作一综述。     

胃肠道间质瘤术后复发转移诊治分析

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤术后复发转移的特点和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析10年来收治的胃肠道间质瘤术后复发12例患者的临床资料.结果 全组首次切除术后复发时间为3个月至9年,首次复发平均时间为术后30.2个月;腹膜、原病变局部和肝脏是主要的复发部位.10例再手术患者中7例完整切除肿块,2例姑息性手术,1例行活检术.首次复发后再手术切除率70.0%(7/10).1例术前、3例术后联合甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗.全部患者获得随访,随访时间6个月至7年,复发后1,3,5年生存率分别为75%,41.7%,25%.结论 胃肠道间质瘤术后易复发,手术切除仍然是其主要的治疗手段,再次术后仍需辅以伊马替尼治疗.     

Analysis of postoperative recurrence of malignant tumors of adrenal glands

Malignant tumors of suprarenal glands (MTSG) are characterized by aggressive course, inclination to recurrences and early metastatic spreading. Causes of the recurrence occurrence of MTSG were analyzed in 292 patients. There was revealed more frequent recurrence of tumor of the adrenal gland cortical substance than of medullary substance. In anaplastic and low differentiated forms of cancer the prognosis is poor, efficacy of treatment is extremely low. Most frequently (in 63.5% of observations) the recurrence is localized in regional collectors of the lymph outflow. Elaboration of operative interventions, which include prophylactic systemic dissection of retroperitoneal fat, would have to permit to lower the recurrence frequency after primary surgical intervention. Occurrence of the tumor recurrence after primary operation constitute a bad prognostic sign. Of the patients with the tumor recurrence 55.8% are considered incurable.     

转化医学研究对恶性肿瘤转移浸润的探讨

恶性肿瘤治疗失败90％的原因是由于治疗后转移复发。Paget早在1889年就提出了“种子与土壤”的学说：Ewing于1928年又提出了肿瘤转移的“流体动力学”的学术观点：均为肿瘤转移相关的基本理论。分子生物学技术的不断发展和转化医学研究的逐渐深入,为临床研究提供了可供筛检、易致肿瘤转移复发的“种子”——肿瘤干细胞或具干性细胞。近些年对肿瘤细胞产生的外排囊泡（tumor derived exosome）的研究,提出了形成前转移壁龛（premetastatic niche）及转移的趋向性的概念。建立了识别这类外排囊泡的方法,均为临床筛检、临床预测与个体诊治提供了可行的手段,并已有临床的报道,是转化医学研究领域进一步干预阻断肿瘤复发转移的新课题。     

Correlation between the expression of oncogenes ras and c-erbB-2 and the biological behavior of bladder tumors

Summary Expression of the ras and the c-erbB-2 oncogene products was investigated in 56 cases of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 6 samples of human normal bladder tissue using an immunohisto-chemical method. Thirty of the 56 cases of bladder tumor were found to be immunohistologically positive with the monoclonal anti-ras p21 antibody, while 19 of 56 cases were positive with the polyclonal anti-c-erbB-2 oncoprotein antibody. All 6 controls were negative with both antibodies. The ras p21 positive staining was found more frequently in the well or moderately differentiated, superficial and non-recurrent tumors than in the poorly differentiated (p<0.01), muscle invasive (p<0.05) and recurrent tumors (p<0.01), while the c-erbB-2 gene product was more commonly detected in high-grade (p<0.01), invasive (p<0.01) and recurrent tumors (p<0.05). Thus, the expression of either ras or c-erbB-2 was closely associated with the histological grade, clinical stage and recurrence of bladder transitional cell carcinomas.     

Molecular organization of oncogenes and potentially oncogenic regulatory genes in primary human brain tumors

We review here results obtained from a wide screening of 72 primary human brain tumors, in order to investigate the molecular organization of proto-oncogenes and potentially oncogenic genes. We demonstrated alterations in the restriction pattern of c-sis oncogene in 1 anaplastic astrocytoma and in 1 endotheliomatous meningioma, and amplifications of c-myc oncogene in 2 endotheliomatous meningiomas. In the same screening of primary brain tumors, we have recently published evidences for a specific alteration in the restriction pattern of estrogen receptor gene sequences which code for the DNA binding domain of the protein. These results, although preliminary and not still sufficient for a conclusive determination of the role in brain tumor growth and/or development, provided evidences of relatively frequent molecular alterations of genes involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation.     

PLEK2在恶性肿瘤中的表达及其对侵袭转移的影响

PLEK2( Pleckstrin-2)是血小板和白细胞 Pleckstrin中的一个亚型,位于14q23.3-q24.1,其编码蛋白含有353个氨基酸,在除免疫细胞外的多种细胞中发挥作用,目前对 PLEK2的研究比较有限,主要是参与细胞骨架蛋白重组和细胞伸展迁移调节。 PLEK...     

Cellular and tumoural heterogeneity of EGFR gene amplification in human malignant gliomas

It has been demonstrated that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, the normal human counterpart of the viral erb-B oncogene is amplified and overexpressed in over 50% of human malignant gliomas (HMGs). In the present study, analysis of the immunohistological staining characteristics of 57 HMGs using an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mab) showed positive staining in 65% of the tumours with large cellular and regional differences in staining pattern and intensity. Screening a smaller number of HMGs with molecular hybridization techniques revealed 10/21 glioblastomas (48%) amplified for the gene; of 11 glioblastomas studied by Northern blot hybridization, 7 tumours with gene amplification showed RNA overexpression, the remaining 4 without amplification did not. Regional differences in DNA levels were observed by Southern blot in 2 tumours: in one particular case, amplification and overexpression were found to be localized to one half of a single HMG, the other half showing neither EFGR gene amplification nor overexpression.     

睾丸肿瘤组织中C－myc基因扩增和表达及其临床意义

为了探讨Ｃ－ｍｙｃ与睾丸肿瘤发生及预后的关系，应用核酸杂交方法检测２７例睾丸肿瘤组织中Ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增。结果显示，仅２例睾丸肿瘤有Ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因扩增。同时用免疫组化方法检测睾丸肿瘤中Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达水平，有１２例发现Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白阳性表达，并且与睾丸肿瘤的病理分级和临床分期有关。提示睾丸肿瘤中Ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因的扩增现象并不常见，但睾丸肿瘤恶性程度与Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达具有明显相关性，Ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达可能成为睾丸肿瘤预后的指标。