卡维地洛治疗老年心力衰竭的有效性和安全性

目的：探讨卡维地洛治疗老年充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的有效性和安全性。方法：60岁以上老年CHF患者86例，在心衰症状已基本缓解，常规治疗基础上加用卡维地洛2．5mg，2次／d，以后根据患者耐受情况在4～6周内渐增到病人能耐受的最大剂量或达到目标剂量20mg，2次／d。维持剂量治疗3个月。观察治疗前及维持剂量治疗3个月后心率、血压、血生化及心功能的变化。结果：治疗后心率、血压均明显下降（P〈0．01），心搏量、心脏指数、心排血量、左室射血分数均明显增加（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），左房内径、左室收缩末期内径、左室舒张末期内径均明显降低（P〈0．01）；而各项生化指标均无明显改变（P〉0．05）。结论：卡维地洛治疗老年心力衰竭可明显改善心功能并且耐受性良好。     

卡维地洛治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭的临床疗效观察

目的观察卡雏地洛治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭（chronic hear failure，CHF）的临床疗效。方法选择我院68例慢性充血性心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组、对照组各34例。对照组使用洋地黄、利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、硝酸酯类等药物治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上，加用卡雏地洛，起始剂量2．5mg／次，1次／d，每周剂量加倍，遥渐增量至10～20mg／d，疗程6个月。每周测量血压、心率、评定心功能，治疗前、后检查超声心动图。结果两组患者临床疗效、病死率间差异均无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。但治疗组左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）和收缩末期内径（LVESD）均较对照组明显改善（P〈0．05）。结论卡维地洛治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭能改善心功能，改善左室重塑。     

氯沙坦联合卡维地洛治疗老年慢性充血性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的观察氯沙坦联合卡维地洛治疗老年慢性充血性心力衰竭的疗效。方法132例年龄（62±7．9）岁、NY．HA心功能分级Ⅱ、Ⅲ级老年充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者随机分为三组，即氯沙坦联合卡维地洛治疗组44例，氯沙坦治疗组44例和对照组44例，随访180天，以NYHA心功能分级、超声心动图所示左室射血分数（LVFE）、左室收缩末期内径（LVES）、左室舒张末期内径（LVED），评估治疗效果，并探讨血清脑钠肽（BNP）水平在心力衰竭处理中的价值。结果180天时联合治疗组较氯沙坦组的心功能分级、LVEF、LVES、LVED、BNP存在统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；而联合治疗组及氯沙坦组的心功能分级、LVEF、LVES、LVED、BNP 较对照组存在统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论氯沙坦联合卡维地洛治疗老年慢性心力衰竭比单用氯沙坦有更好的临床疗效，且能很好地提高生活质量。     

卡维地洛对慢性心衰神经内分泌、心功能及血管内皮功能的影响

目的：观察卡维地洛对慢性心衰患者神经内分泌、心功能及血管内皮功能的影响。方法：60例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为常规治疗对照组（常规组，30例）和卡维地洛组（30例）。对照组给予洋地黄、利尿剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂等常规治疗，卡维地洛组在给予常规治疗的基础上加用卡维地洛。治疗前及治疗6个月后放射免疫法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）及内皮素-1（ET-1）水平，超声心动图检测心功能，血管超声检测肱动脉血管内皮功能的变化。结果：两组治疗后较治疗前AngⅡ及ET-1水平显著降低（P〈0．01），卡维地洛组改善更明显（P〈0．01）；两组左房内径、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）和左室收缩末期内径（LVESd）明显缩短，左室射血分数（LVEF）显著增高，但两组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）；卡维地洛能显著改善血管内皮功能（P〈0．01），且较常规治疗组明显（P〈0．01）。结论：卡维地洛抑制心衰患者的神经内分泌激活，逆转心室重塑，改善心功能和血管内皮功能。     

国产卡维地洛治疗心力衰竭的临床观察

目的观察国产卡维地洛治疗心力衰竭（CHF）的临床疗效及不良反应。方法将118例住院CHF患者随机分为对照组40例，给予常规治疗。治疗组78例，在常规治疗基础加用国产卡维地洛起始剂量2．5mg／次；2次／d，若耐受，每2周剂量加倍，直至20．0mg／次，2次／d，共8周，观察治疗前、后各组及组间的心功能分级，血压、心率及超声心动图变化。结果两组患者疗效间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；治疗组治疗后2、4、6、8周与治疗前比较血压、心率均有明显改善（P〈0．01）；治疗组除个别患者出现心动过缓外，无一例发生严重低血压及严重房室传导阻滞。结论国产卡维地洛对心力衰竭患者有明显疗效，且副作用少。     

小剂量卡维地洛治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的探讨小剂量卡维地洛对老年（≥60岁）慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的疗效。方法将90例经常规心衰治疗病情稳定的老年CHF患者随机分为两组。卡维地洛组50例，在原有治疗基础上加服卡维地洛3．125mg，2次／d；持续2周后，无明显不良反应者加量至6．25mg，2次／d，直到6个月。常规治疗组40例作为对照，采用心力衰竭的标准治疗方案。分别检测两组患者治疗前后心率（HR）、左室射血分数（LvEF）和左室后壁（LVP）、室间隔（IVS）厚度。结果与常规治疗组相比，卡维地洛组患者的HR变慢，LVEF增加，LVP和IVS厚度均减少。结论卡维地洛治疗老年CHF6个月后，具有逆转左室重构和改善心功能的有益作用。     

益心舒治疗冠心病慢性心力衰竭临床观察

目的：评价益心舒胶囊对冠心病慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的临床疗效。方法：选择80例冠心病CHF患者,随机分为对照组（40例）,益心舒组（40例,常规治疗的基础上加服益心舒胶囊1．2g,3次／d）,服用6个月后观察两组治疗前后NYHA心功能、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、6min步行试验、24h心肌缺血发作次数以及再住院率和病死率。结果：益心舒组总有效率（95％）优于对照组（65％）,NYHA心功能、LVEF、LVESD、6min步行试验、24h心肌缺血发作次数较对照组有显著改善（P〈0．05～〈0．01）,益心舒组的再住院率较对照组明显降低（15％：40％,P〈0．05）．但病死率两组无显著差异,未发现与药物相关的不良反应。结论：在常规治疗冠心病心衰的基础上加用益心舒,可进一步提高疗效,改善心功能。     

卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗慢性心功能不全的疗效分析

目的比较卡维地洛和美托洛尔治疗慢性心功能不全疗效与安全性。方法采用随机对照的方法，将80例慢性心功能不全病人分为卡维地洛组和美托洛尔组，两组基础用药一致。比较两组左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVDd）等指标，同时检测尿常规、电解质、肝功能、肾功能、血脂、血糖、血压、心率等。结果治疗3个月后两组心功能均较治疗前有显著改善，血压、心率、LVDd降低，LVEF升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；两组治疗后比较卡维地洛组血压、LVDd降低，LVEF升高更显著（P〈0．05）；两组病人在治疗期间尿常规、电解质、肝功能、肾功能、血脂、血糖均无明显变化。结论卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭病人比美托洛尔占优势。卡维地洛是治疗慢性心功能不全较为理想的药物。     

卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭40例疗效观察

目的评估卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效及安全性。方法80例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。对照组采用慢性心力衰竭的标准治疗;治疗组在此标准治疗的基础上,卡维地洛从小剂量2．5mg／次、2次／d开始,每2周增加1倍剂量,直至最大剂量（靶剂量）25mg,2次／d。治疗前后分别对两组患者行血常规、心电图、心功能、肝肾功能、心脏B超等检查。结果治疗6个月后,治疗组左室收缩末径、左室舒张末径减小,左室射血分数增加,且血压、心率均明显改善,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或〈0．01）;而对照组治疗前后以上指标比较差异无统计学意义。两组治疗后肝肾功能、血常规均无异常改变。结论卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭安全、有效。     

卡维地洛联合贝那普利辅助治疗老年心力衰竭48例效果观察

目的 探讨卡维地洛联合贝那普利辅助治疗老年人心力衰竭的临床疗效和安全性。方法 对48例老年心力衰竭患者在强心、利尿、扩血管等常规治疗基础上联合应用卡维地洛和贝那普利治疗,治疗前后观察超声心动图指标、血压、心率、运动耐量变化及不良反应发生情况。结果 治疗后舒张末期内径、收缩末期容量、左室收缩、左室舒张末期容量及血压、心率显著降低,左室射血分数及6min步行距离显著升高（P均〈0．05）;未发现明显不良反应。讨论 卡维地洛联合贝那普利辅助治疗老年人心力衰竭临床疗效好、安全性高。     

Control of intraabdominal hemorrhage and shock: a comparison of fluid resuscitation, MAST, and balloon occlusion

Our study examined the efficacy of four treatment modalities in controlling hemorrhage and achieving hemodynamic stabilization in hemorrhagic shock: intravenous fluid replacement (IV); military antishock trousers used concomitantly with fluids (MAST); balloon occlusion at the level of the diaphragm with concomitant fluid replacement (balloon); and a combination of MAST inflation, balloon occlusion, and fluid resuscitation (MAST and balloon). Twenty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, and the spleen was exposed and completely crushed. The abdomen was closed, and treatment was initiated and continued for four hours or until the dog died. For all conditions the hematocrit dropped during the course of the experiment; balloon occlusion was effective at slowing this drop (P less than .0001), but MAST had no statistically significant effect. Animals with balloons bled more slowly into the abdominal cavity than did animals in the other two groups (P less than .0001). MAST also were effective at slowing the bleeding (P less than .05). Of the balloon and the MAST and balloon dogs, all except one survived the entire four hours; this difference between balloon and nonballoon dogs is significant (P = .002). MAST did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Perfusion pressure (PP) declined during the course of the experiment, and the balloon was effective at slowing this decline (P less than .0001); none of the other comparisons was statistically significant.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

Application of Granular Biocomposites Based on Homogenised Peat for Absorption of Oil Products

Among the various methods for collecting oil spills and oil products, including from the water surface, one of the most effective is the use of sorbents. In this work, three-component bio-based composite granular adsorbents were produced and studied for oil products’ pollution collection. A bio-based binder made of peat, devulcanised crumb rubber from used tyres, and part fly ash as cenospheres were used for absorbent production. The structure, surface morphology, porosity, mechanical properties, and sorption kinetics of the obtained samples were studied. Composite hydrophobicity and sorption capacity to oil products, such as diesel fuel (DF) and motor oil (MO), were determined. The obtained pellets are characterised by a sufficiently pronounced ability to absorb oil products such as DF. As the amount of CR in the granules increases, the diesel absorption capacity increases significantly. The case of 30-70-0 is almost three times higher than the granules from homogenised peat. The increase in q is due to two factors: the pronounced surface hydrophobicity of the samples (Θ = 152°) and a heterogeneous porous granule structure. The presence of the cenosphere in the biocomposite reduces its surface hydrophobicity while increasing the diesel absorption capacity. Relatively rapid realisation of the maximum saturation by the MO was noted. In common, the designed absorbent shows up to 0.7 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for MO and up to 1.55 g·g⁻¹ sorption capacity for diesel. A possible mechanism of DF absorption and the limiting stages of the process approximated for different kinetic models are discussed. The Weber–Morris diffusion model is used to primarily distinguish the limiting effect of the external and internal diffusion of the adsorbate on the absorption process.     

安徽巢湖市丝虫病控制、消除历程和监测报告

【摘要】 目的  回顾并总结巢湖市丝虫病的流行、控制,以及消除丝虫病的历程。 方法  统计分析1970~1989年在该市采取以消灭传染源、切断传播途径为主的防治策略,以及展开大规模防治的各个阶段。 结果  1989年,采用分层整群抽样调查方法调查,微丝蚴率下降至0.032%,以行政村为单位,微丝蚴率已控制在1.0%以下,达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准;1991年,经省级调查考核,认定全市已达到卫生部规定的基本消灭丝虫病标准。1996年,省级审评确认已达到卫生部颁布的消灭丝虫病标准。经过10年的监测和跟踪治疗,到2005年,全市丝虫病病原学监测未查见微丝蚴阳性者,解剖镜检人房内淡色库蚊1 348只,蚊体内均未查见人体幼丝虫。 结论  巢湖市达到了消除丝虫病的标准。     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

Advanced Evaluation of the Freeze–Thaw Damage of Concrete Based on the Fracture Tests

This paper presents the results of an experimental program aimed at the assessment of the freeze–thaw (F–T) resistance of concrete based on the evaluation of fracture tests accompanied by acoustic emission measurements. Two concretes of similar mechanical characteristics were manufactured for the experiment. The main difference between the C1 and C2 concrete was in the total number of air voids and in the A300 parameter, where both parameters were higher for C1 by about 35% and 52%, respectively. The evaluation of the fracture characteristics was performed on the basis of experimentally recorded load–deflection and load–crack mouth opening displacement diagrams using two different approaches: linear fracture mechanics completed with the effective crack model and the double-K model. The results show that both approaches gave similar results, especially if the nonlinear behavior before the peak load was considered. According to the results, it can be stated that continuous AE measurement is beneficial for the assessment of the extent of concrete deterioration, and it suitably supplements the fracture test evaluation. A comparison of the results of fracture tests with the resonance method and splitting tensile strength test shows that all testing methods led to the same conclusion, i.e., the C1 concrete was more F–T-resistant than C2. However, the fracture test evaluation provided more detailed information about the internal structure deterioration due to the F–T exposure.     

岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治健康教育现状调查

目的 调查湖南省岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治知识、行为现状及健康教育需求情况,为制定科学有效的小学生血吸虫病健康教育方案提供参考依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取岳阳市城区洞庭湖湖畔学校和中心城区学校各2所,每所再从五、六年级分别抽取2个班的学生,通过调查问卷了解小学生血吸虫病相关知识、预防行为及健康教育需求,并进行统计分析。结果 共调查湖畔小学353人、中心城区小学363人,两组学校小学生年龄、性别、年级构成差异无统计学意义(t=-0.494,χ_性别²=1.615,χ_年级²=2.152;P均>0.05)。学生血吸虫病防治知识总知晓率为42.60%(305/716),其中,湖畔学校小学生血防知识知晓率(52.97%)高于中心城区(32.51%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=30.661,P<0.05);学生行为正确率为76.68%(549/716),血防知识知晓组行为正确率(81.31%)高于不知晓组(71.24%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6...