颅内软骨瘤的CT和MRI表现与病理对照

目的探讨颅内软骨瘤的CT和MRI特征及其病理基础。资料与方法回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的颅内软骨瘤的影像学表现。5例均行头颅CT、MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果 5例中肿瘤位于颅底者4例,大脑镰区者1例。CT表现为不规则分叶状肿块,边界清楚,密度不均匀,5例伴明显钙化,瘤周无水肿,4例邻近骨质破坏,增强扫描无或轻度强化。MRI上肿块信号不均,实质部分T1Wl呈低或混杂信号,T2WI呈高或高低混杂信号,钙化部分T1Wl及T2WI呈低信号,增强扫描5例均为明显不均匀强化,呈"石榴籽征"。结论颅内软骨瘤的CT、MRI表现具有一定特征性,结合临床,可提高其诊断准确率。     

睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的：探讨睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的 MRI 表现,提高对该疾病的 MRI 诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的25例睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤患者临床及 MRI 资料,所有病例均行 MRI 平扫,其中16例行动态 MRI 增强扫描。利用 MRI 对睾丸肿瘤的大小、形态、信号特点、毗邻关系、强化方式及肿瘤血管情况进行评估,并与病理对照。结果25例睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤中,精原细胞瘤10例,其中 T2 WI 呈均匀低信号8例,稍低信号2例,增强扫描轻度结节样强化5例,明显均匀强化2例,其中4例可见纤维间隔强化;卵黄囊瘤4例,T1 WI 呈等低信号,T2 WI 呈稍高信号,增强扫描后肿瘤呈渐进式强化;成熟型畸胎瘤、表皮样囊肿、混合性生殖细胞肿瘤各3例,T1 WI 呈混杂低信号,T2 WI 呈混杂高信号;胚胎性癌2例,T1 WI 呈等低信号,T2 WI 呈混杂低信号,其内可见出血信号,增强扫描呈分隔强化。结论MRI 对睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤诊断正确率较高,对其病理分型、分期及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤的影像学表现

目的：探讨颅内胚胎发育不良性神经上皮肿瘤（DNT）的影像学表现。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的12例DNT患者的临床及影像学资料。5例行CT检查,12例均行MRI检查。结果：病变位于皮层或累及皮层下,均单发,边界清楚;幕下5例、幕上7例。CT平扫,3例呈均匀低密度;2例病灶边缘可见弧形钙化,且1例合并瘤内出血。MRI表现多样,T1WI为低信号或等低信号,T2WI呈高或稍高信号,钙化或出血信号混杂;5例病灶囊性变明显,其中4例囊壁见等T1、等、稍高T2结节;FLAIR上2例病灶呈等低信号,边缘见高信号环影,余均呈高或稍高信号;DWI呈低信号,ADC值升高;MRS示肿瘤Cho和Cr改变不明显,NAA较正常参照侧增高;增强后病灶无强化4例、轻度强化2例、结节样强化4例、病灶内环状强化1例、脑回样强化1例;无或轻度占位效应,无瘤周水肿。结论：DNT影像学表现多样,仍有呈慢性良性生长进程的影像学特征,结合临床有助于诊断。     

孤立性纤维瘤临床及影像诊断探讨(附3例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨孤立性纤维瘤的临床及影像学特点,提高对该疾病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析3例经穿刺活检与手术病理证实的孤立性纤维瘤临床及影像学资料,并作文献复习。结果孤立性纤维瘤在临床上可无临床症状或因肿瘤压迫出现不典型症状,发生于胸膜的巨大孤立性纤维瘤可以合并低血糖症。在超声上表现为不均匀中等或中低回声;在X线平片上表现为均匀致密的孤立性肿块;在CT上1例表现为巨大囊实性肿块,增强后实性部分中度强化,另1例为均匀致密的软组织肿块;在MRI上肿瘤实性部分表现为在T1WI上呈中、低混杂信号,T2WI上呈低信号,肿瘤内可见明显囊变区。结论孤立性纤维瘤是一种少见疾病,必须结合既往病史、临床症状、各种影像学资料综合分析,才有可能作出准确的诊断。     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现特点,提高对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者的临床及CT、MRI表现。结果 24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤共发现37个肿瘤(单侧单发13例,单侧多发6例.双侧多发5例),其中30个(81.1%)位于腮腺浅叶和后下象限。肿瘤一般呈圆形、椭圆形或分叶状软组织肿块,边缘光整,密度均匀或不均匀,囊变区呈类圆形液性密度灶;T1WI呈低信号,T2WI及压脂T2WI呈低、高混杂信号,囊变区呈明显的T1WI低信号T2WI高信号。增强后表现为早期轻中度强化。结论腮腺腺淋巴瘤有一定的临床和影像特点.根据其发病年龄、性别、部位及影像学表现,有助于该病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤的CT、MRI和病理分析

目的探讨幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤（PNET）的CT及MRI特点,以提高影像学诊断的准确性。资料与方法分析经手术病理证实的8例PNET的CT及MRI表现。结果8例PNET分别位于幕上大脑半球的额顶、额颞、枕叶、胼胝体区,病灶普遍较大,多为偏实性肿瘤,边界清晰,瘤周水肿较轻,其中病灶内囊变4例,合并出血3例,肿瘤T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号4例,T1WI、T2WI呈混杂信号3例,2例DWI显示呈高信号。增强检查肿瘤可表现为不均一强化、不规则“印戒”样强化,2例显示沿室管膜播散。结论PNET影像学表现有一定特征,影像学表现结合临床症状有助于与其他肿瘤区分。     

颅内神经节细胞胶质瘤的影像诊断(附9例报告)

目的探讨颅内神经节细胞胶质瘤(gangloglioma,GG)的CT和MRI影像学特征。方法 9例患者行MR和CT检查后经手术和病理确诊为颅内神经节细胞胶质瘤。结果 9例病灶均为单发,其中3例位于额叶,3例位于颞叶,顶叶、枕叶及侧脑室各1例。囊实性病变5例,囊性病变2例,实性病变2例。MRI扫描肿瘤T1WI囊性部分呈低信号,实性部分呈等或低信号; T2WI上囊性部分呈高信号,实性部分呈等或高信号。6例无瘤周水肿,1例有轻度瘤周水肿,2例有中度瘤周水肿。结论颅内神经节细胞胶质瘤的CT和MRI影像学表现具有一定特征性,有助于提高对GG的鉴别诊断。     

微囊型脑膜瘤的MRI表现

目的 探讨微囊型脑膜瘤(MCM)的MRI表现及其诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的MCM患者的影像学及病理资料,并与病理对照.结果 病变位于额部6例(左侧4例,右侧2例),右侧顶部大脑镰旁1例,右侧桥脑小脑角区1例;8例中5例平扫T1 WI呈低信号,T2WI呈明显高信号,增强后病变呈明显不均匀强化;3例平扫时T1WI呈不均匀等低信号,T2WI呈不均匀等高混杂信号,增强后病变呈明显不均匀强化;8例病变中4例可见"脑膜尾征";6例可见中重度瘤周水肿;肿瘤组织中见瘤细胞排列疏松,呈微囊状.结论 MCM是颅内少见肿瘤,MRI表现有一定特点,T2WI呈明亮高信号,增强后呈明显强化,MRI对其诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要临床价值.     

颅骨骨化性纤维瘤的CT、MRI表现与组织病理学相关性分析

目的 探讨颅骨骨化性纤维瘤的CT、MRI表现与组织病理学的相关关系.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的9例颅骨骨化性纤维瘤的影像学和组织病理学资料.结果 CT表现:骨窗上病变呈膨胀性密度不均的肿块6例,类圆形密度不均的多层性囊性肿块2例,骨化性致密团块1例.其中有骨壳边缘5例,瘤内可见大小不等的囊状低密度区,伴网状纤维性分隔4例、骨性分隔3例,散在钙斑3例.MRI表现:肿瘤实性部分于T1WI呈低信号2例、等信号1例,混杂信号3例,T2WI呈低信号2例、等信号1例,混杂信号3例.肿瘤内囊变、坏死,T1WI呈低信号,T2WI为高信号.CT、MRI增强检查均显示肿瘤实性部分、囊壁及纤维分隔明显强化.组织病理学显示肿瘤由成骨性纤维组织构成,在纤维组织增生中散布着成熟程度不同的小梁样骨组织.结论 CT骨窗对颅骨骨化性纤维瘤的诊断价值较大,MRI能对肿瘤内不同成分的辨别提供帮助.     

颅内原发恶性淋巴瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的:分析颅内原发恶性淋巴瘤的CT及MRI表现,提高对此病的认识,提高诊断及鉴别诊断的能力.方法:对47例经手术病理证实的颅内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的CT、MRI影像表现进行分析.结果:病灶单发或多发,肿瘤常位于脑表面或中线附近.CT平扫呈等或稍高密度影,边界较清.MRI表现T1WI呈稍低或低信号T2WI呈等或高信号.肿瘤占位效应轻,增强多呈"团块状"或"握拳状"强化.结论:颅内原发恶性淋巴瘤的CT及MRI表现有一定的特点,但缺乏特征性须与某些其他颅内病变鉴别,以减少误诊.将影像学征象与临床资料相结合综合分析有助于提高诊断准确率.     

Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver: imaging findings

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the imaging features of solitary fibrous tumor of the liver in three patients. CONCLUSION: A single large, well-circumscribed, heterogeneously enhancing hepatic mass was present in each patient. These imaging features are suggestive of, but not diagnostic for, solitary fibrous tumor of the liver. The two benign and one malignant solitary fibrous tumors of the liver in this series were indistinguishable from one another on imaging studies.     

Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors: imaging findings in 6 consecutive patients

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors (ISFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms originating in the meninges. The aim of this study was to describe the CT, MR imaging, and angiographic features of the solitary fibrous tumor and to identify imaging characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed CT, MR, and angiographic findings in 6 cases of ISFT. We evaluated the size, shape, and location of the tumor; the internal content and margin of the lesion; the pattern of enhancement; and the change of the adjacent structures. Density on noncontrast CT scans, signal intensity on MR images, and angiographic features were also documented. RESULTS: Each lesion appeared as a discrete extra-axial mass (size, 3-7 cm; mean, 5 cm). Five lesions were entirely solid, and 1 had peritumoral cyst. All 5 of the noncontrast CT scans showed hyperattenuated masses, and the tumors exhibited marked heterogeneous enhancement. No lesion contained calcification, and 2 cases showed bone invasions. On the MR images, 4 lesions showed mixed signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging. All of the lesions revealed marked heterogeneous enhancement. All of the tumors had thickening of the meninges adjacent to the tumor. Angiography showed delayed tumor blushing in all, and 3 of them had dysplastic dilation of the tumor vessels. CONCLUSION: Although there are no pathognomonic imaging findings, some imaging features, such as the "black-and-white mixed" pattern on T2-weighted images and marked heterogeneous enhancement, might be helpful in the diagnosis of intracranial solitary fibrous tumor.     

胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的影像表现与病理对照研究

目的:分析总结胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的影像表现及病理基础,提高诊断准确性。方法:回顾性分析30例经病理证实的胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤的CT、MRI表现。5例患者仅进行了CT检查,19例患者仅进行了MR检查,6例同时行CT和MR检查。结果:30例患者均为单发病灶,其中13例位于中枢神经系统,7例位于头颈部、6例位于腹盆腔、1例位于食管、1例位于乳腺、1例位于腹股沟、1例位于耻骨。病灶多呈类圆形或长圆形,部分病例可见分叶或形态不规则。CT平扫颅内病灶呈不均匀等低密度或均匀稍高密度,其余病灶CT平扫呈均匀软组织密度。头颈部病灶T₁WI呈较均匀等低信号,其余病灶T₁WI呈欠均匀等低信号,T₂WI信号混杂,可见等、低、高信号;15例病灶边缘或病灶内可见血管流空信号。增强扫描颅内病灶呈明显不均匀强化,其余病灶呈中度到明显不均匀强化,腹盆腔病灶可见渐进性强化;T₂低信号区可见强化,坏死囊变区未见强化。免疫组化可见CD34、STAT-6、VIM、CD99、 Bcl-2阳性。结论:胸膜外孤立性纤维瘤分布广泛,病理基础决定其信号...     

Solitary fibrous tumor of the genitourinary tract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to describe the imaging features of solitary fibrous tumors involving the kidney, bladder, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum, or pelvis and other rare locations. CONCLUSION: Although clear radiologic differentiation of solitary fibrous tumors from malignancy is not possible, we suggest that familiarity with the manifestations of solitary fibrous tumors can help to avoid unnecessary radical surgery before histopathologic proof of malignancy is obtained.     

Grade III solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma: An enthralling intracranial tumor—A case report and literature review

Hemangiopericytomas account for less than 1% of all intracranial tumors. In 2016, World Health Organization (WHO) unified the two terms into a single medical condition known as solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC). Our patient is an 80-year-old woman with a past medical history of sick sinus syndrome status post pacemaker placement. She presented to the emergency department with progressive headaches for one month duration. Her headaches worsened at night, waking her up from sleep. They also increased in intensity by bending forward. Review of systems was significant for bilateral lower extremity weakness accompanied by difficulty walking. The motor exam was remarkable for right upper and right lower extremity 3/5 weakness. The gait was ataxic. A Computed tomography scan of the head without contrast revealed a large dural-based right parietal hyperdense mass with surrounding edema, mass effect, and compression of the right lateral ventricle atrium. A right-to-left midline shift was also noted. Given the fact that our patient had a pacemaker, she was not a candidate for a brain MRI. Neurosurgery successfully resected the mass. Histopathological studies confirmed WHO grade III anaplastic solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma. The patient was discharged on adjuvant radiation with imaging surveillance given the grade and the extent of resection. This case highlights a rare type of intracranial mass that resembles meningioma on imaging studies. It also illustrates that solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma should be kept as a differential diagnosis for brain masses, given its aggressive nature, and its potential of metastasis and recurrence.     

Radiologic manifestations of primary solitary extramedullary and multiple solitary plasmacytomas

OBJECTIVE: Primary solitary extramedullary and multiple solitary plasmacytomas are rare manifestations of plasma cell tumors. This study reviews their imaging spectrum in 12 patients. CONCLUSION: Imaging features of primary solitary extramedullary and multiple solitary plasmacytomas are nonspecific but are compatible with solid tumors that are isointense on T1-weighted images and iso- to hyperintense on T2-weighted images relative to muscle and white matter with variable enhancement. Large tumors may show necrosis and destruction, infiltration, or encasement of adjacent structures. Multiplicity of lesions and regional lymphadenopathy were evident on imaging in only five cases each. Imaging alone cannot differentiate these tumors from more common malignant entities such as carcinoma, meningioma in cases of intracranial extramedullary plasmacytomas, or metastasis from other primaries. The role of imaging should be focused on early detection of additional or recurrent lesions and the presence of regional lymphadenopathy, which will influence clinical management.     

The “pool sign” of metastatic adenocarcinoma

The differential of a newly discovered solitary intracranial mass is a primary intracranial neoplasm and metastatic disease. Differentiating between the two entities on imaging is difficult, though there are clues on conventional imaging that suggest one over the other. The purpose of this article is to describe a new imaging finding on T2-weighted imaging, the “pool sign,” that may be specific for metastatic adenocarcinomas and can help differentiate a solitary metastasis from a primary CNS neoplasm. We present a series of four patients with initial magnetic resonance imaging of a solitary intracranial mass demonstrating the “pool sign,” and therefore predicted to be metastatic adenocarcinoma. All of these cases were confirmed to be metastatic adenocarcinoma on pathology.     

颅内节细胞胶质瘤的MRI表现(附8例报告)

目的:探讨颅内节细胞胶质瘤的MRI表现特点。方法:回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的颅内节细胞胶质瘤的MRI表现,并结合其临床及病理进行分析。结果:病灶均为单发。7例位于幕上,其中额叶3例、顶叶2例,枕叶1例,侧脑室1例;1例位于幕下(位于小脑)。肿瘤结构形式多样,MRI表现可分囊性为主型和实性为主型,其中囊实性病灶6例,实性病灶2例。多数病例水肿占位效应不明显,增强后肿瘤强化呈多样性。结论:颅内节细胞胶质瘤有相对特征性的MRI表现,结合临床,对某些较典型的病变应该考虑到本病的可能。     

Primary musculoskeletal tumors of fibrous origin

Tumors of fibrous origin include fibrous dysplasia (FD), fibroxanthoma (nonossifying fibroma), cortical desmoid, desmoplastic fibroma, fibrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytosis (MFH). Benign fibrous lesions (FD, fibroxanthoma, and cortical desmoid) frequently demonstrate pathognomonic radiologic characteristics obviating the need for biopsy. Indeed, biopsy of these lesions can occasionally lead to confusion with more aggressive lesions. Desmoplastic fibroma and the malignant fibrous lesions (fibrosarcoma and MFH) often reveal nonspecific imaging features of a solitary nonmineralized lesion with aggressive characteristics. However, imaging is important as with other neoplasms in delineating the extent of involvement for staging purposes. This article reviews the spectrum of clinical characteristics, pathology, imaging appearances, treatment, and prognosis of lesions of fibrous origin in bone.     

高分辨血管壁MRI在颅内动脉疾病中的诊断价值

目的 探讨高分辨血管壁磁共振成像(high resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging,HRVW-MRI)在颅内动脉多种疾病中的诊断价值.方法 选取颅内动脉壁高分辨磁共振检查的135例患者,经临床对症治疗及与DSA和临床诊断结果对照.结果 由影像科2名主治医师初步...