Incidence and management of abdominal sacrocolpopexy mesh erosions

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the occurrence and management of mesh erosions in patients undergoing abdominal sacrocolpopexy. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of the abdominal sacrocolpopexy procedure (n = 92) between 1997 and 2003 was performed. Patients with mesh erosion were identified. Incidence by graft type and treatment required for erosion resolution was analyzed with chi 2 and Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Erosions occurred in 7.6 % (7/92). Erosions were identified only in patients with Gore-Tex (3/33, 9%) or silicone-coated mesh (4/21, 19%) compared with none of 38 patients with polypropylene mesh (n = 24) or fascia (n = 14) grafts ( P = .068.). Partial excision of exposed graft resolved all 3 Gore-Tex erosions, compared with none of the silicone-coated mesh erosions ( P = .03). Complete graft removal was required to resolve silicone-coated mesh erosions. CONCLUSION: We observed a high rate of erosion with Gore-Tex and silicone-coated mesh. Partial graft excision was adequate for Gore-Tex erosions, but complete graft removal was necessary to resolve erosions associated with silicone-coated mesh.     

Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in the treatment of vaginal vault prolapse: 8 years experience

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of a laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of vaginal vault prolapse.

Study design

Between January 1999 and January 2007, 165 laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy procedures, using a polypropylene mesh, were performed on women affected by vaginal vault prolapse.Intraoperative complications included: 5 bladder injuries and 3 sigmoid perforations. Postoperative complications included: 10 cases of fever, 5 cases of lumbosciatica, 15 cases of detrusor overactivity, 2 cases of vaginal haematoma, and 5 cases of minimal dispareunia.At 1, 6 and 12 months after surgery, a clinical evaluation was carried out for all patients. After this period, we contacted the women annually.

Results

We treated 165 women, with an average age of 67 (range 58–76 years; S.D. 19.22), average parity of 3 (range 2–5), and average body mass index of 28 (range 24–30). In many of them, more than one additional procedure was performed.At a median follow-up of 43 months (range 6–96 months), out of a total of 138 patients (27 were lost at follow-up), we obtained successful treatment in 131 women (success rate of 94.9%), with a high rate of satisfaction from the procedure. Recurrent vaginal vault prolapse was registered in seven women (5.07%): in 3, the vaginal vault collapsed after a period ranging from 7 to 20 days, caused by the use of a Vyprol mesh (hence use of same was suspended), and in a further three women the mesh detached after less than 1 month. Finally, in one case, we reported an erosion between the first and the second follow-up and the mesh was visualized in the vagina.

Conclusions

Our study shows that laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, in the hands of an expert surgeon, can be considered a safe, effective procedure for the treatment of vaginal vault prolapse, allowing long-term anatomical restoration (94.9% success rate).     

Mid-term outcome of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with anterior and posterior polyester mesh for treatment of genito-urinary prolapse

Objectives

To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy using an anterior and a posterior polyester mesh, for the cure of genital prolapse at one year or longer.

Study design

This is a consecutive 5 year prospective observational study in which 119 patients presented with at least a Stage 2 apical prolapse, with an anterior or a posterior vaginal wall prolapse, who underwent a double sacrocolpopexy. Two large pore size (≥1 mm) heavyweight (115 g/m²) multifilaments of polyester prostheses (Parietex^® Prosup PAC/GK 06, Sofradim-Covidien) were exclusively used for this technique. The prostheses were fixed on the levator ani muscles, the vagina and the sacrum with permanent extracorporeal laparoscopic sutures. Pre- and post-operative data referring to international pelvic organ prolapse quantitation classification (POP-Q), scores of quality of life and sexuality (French equivalent of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ) and Pelvic organ prolapse-urinary Incontinence-Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12)) were compared.

Results

With a mean follow-up of 34 months, 116 patients were accessible for evaluation. For these patients, the anatomical success rates (Stage 0 or 1) on the apical, anterior or posterior compartments were respectively, 97%, 89% and 98%. On the functional level, all the scores of quality of life and sexuality were improved.

Conclusions

This study confirms the effectiveness of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for the repair of the apical compartment prolapse. It also shows its effectiveness for the anterior compartment repair when the cystocele is moderate and limited to a median defect. In our experience, laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with heavyweight polyester prosthesis is an effective treatment of the posterior defect.     

First report comparing the two types of single-incision robotic sacrocolpopexy: Single site using the da Vinci Xi or Si system and single port using the da Vinci SP system

ObjectiveThe gold standard procedure for treating patients with apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is sacrocolpopexy. However, no report comparing the two types of single-incision robotic sacrocolpopexy, namely, single-site robotic sacrocolpopexy (SS-RSC) and single-port robotic sacrocolpopexy (SP-RSC) exists. Therefore, we compared the safety and effectiveness of SS-RSC and SP-RSC.Materials and methodsIn this study, 48 patients who underwent single-incision RSC, 40 non-consecutive patients who underwent SS-RSC, and 8 consecutive patients who underwent SP-RSC for symptomatic POP quantification stage III–IV and were eligible for the 1-year follow-up (FU) were included. We compared the surgical time and operative outcomes of SS-RSC and SP-RSC. We also compared the data of the initial 8 cases in each group.ResultsThe mean patient age was 59.2 ± 11.0 years and 66.1 ± 8.0 years in the SS-RSC (n = 40) and SP-RSC (n = 8) groups, respectively. The mean operative time (OT) and console time were comparable between the SS-RSC and SP-RSC groups (135.3 ± 31.6 min vs 141.8 ± 23.5 min; 94.6 ± 32.2 min vs 89 ± 9.5 min, respectively). The docking time and cervix suturing time were short in the SP-RSC group (P < 0.05). However, in the analysis of the initial 8 cases in each group, all surgical times except the cervix suturing time were shorter in the SP-RSC group (P < 0.05). Three cases had intraoperative bladder injury (two [5.0%] in the SS-RSC and one [12.5%] in the SP-RSC group). Two cases (5.0%) had umbilical incisional hernia in the SS-RSC group. Two cases had vaginal mesh erosion on the posterior vaginal wall, with 1 case in each group. One case (2.5%) experienced a recurrence of POP; an anterior compartment POP-Q stage 2 following SS-RSC at the 4-week FU.ConclusionSingle-incision RSC, both SS-RSC and SP-RSC, is a feasible and effective surgical option for treating symptomatic apical POP with an aesthetic finish.     

Comparative mid-term anatomical and functional outcomes following laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in women under and over 65: results from a prospective study

Purpose

To compare mid-term anatomical and functional outcomes following laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LS) between women under and over 65.

Methods

Prospective and observational study involving patients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) undergoing LS. Study population was stratified according to patients’ age at the time of surgery. POP symptoms and impact on quality of life were assessed by PFIQ-7 and PFDI-20 questionnaires at baseline and during follow-up.

Results

Among our study population (n?=?72), 26 women were over 65 and 46 under 65. Mean follow-up duration was 17.6 months, and complete follow-up was available in 90% of patients. No differences between study groups were observed regarding surgery duration, length of stay, and peri-operative complications. Recurrence rate was 1.4% at 18 months of follow-up. Questionnaires analysis revealed a significant improvement in PFIQ-7 and PFDI-20 scores. We found no differences in post-operative scores between control and elderly groups. Sixteen patients experienced de novo stress urinary incontinence (22.2%), with no difference between groups (p?=?0.7). Among them, seven required surgical management.

Conclusions

LS was associated with high anatomical success rate and good functional outcomes, regardless of age at the time of surgery. LS should thus be considered in women over 65. Beyond age, the route of surgery should be driven by patient’s choice and medical condition.

     

阴道-骶骨固定术手术区域应用解剖研究

目的 探讨阴道.骶骨固定术手术安全性的区域解剖依据.方法 2008年9月至2009年4月在广州医学院第一附属医院选用16具成年女性尸体,对其骶前区血管灌注后进行骶前区域的尸体解剖,观察骶前区域的结构,并测量骶前区与周围结构的距离.结果 骶正中血管解剖位置变异大,其中43.75%(7/16)穿过骶岬中点,56.25%(9/16)经骶骨中线偏右侧行走;第一横干静脉解剖位置变异大,可分为两型:Ⅰ型为解剖正常组,血管分布位于第一横线上,占73.33%,;Ⅱ型为解剖变异组,血管位于骶岬下方10mm之内,占26.67%.从S1～S5,骶椎高度、骶前孔间距、横干静脉间的间距递减,无血管区域面积递减;从S1～S5,骶正中血管到骶前孔的距离渐小;在骶岬和第一骶前孔平面与骶正中血管距离最近的血管是右髂内静脉.结论 S1椎体盆腔面无血管区域最大,是阴道一骶骨固定术相对安全的缝合固定区域.相对安全区域上界为骶岬下10mm、下界为骶岬下方40mm、宽度为15mm的(30ram×15mm)矩形区域.     

Laparoscopic surgical anatomy for pelvic floor surgery

Understanding anatomy is one of the pillars for performing a safe, effective, and efficient surgery, but recently, it is reported that there has been a decline in teaching anatomy during the preclinical years of medical school. There is also evidence that by the time a medical student becomes a clinician, a considerable proportion of the basic anatomy knowledge is lost. Hence, it is crucial for surgeons performing or assisting in pelvic floor surgery to revisit this integral clinical aspect of pelvic anatomy for performing a safe surgery.Pelvic organ prolapse repair, especially abdominal laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, which is the gold standard of pelvic organ prolapse repair, presents a significant challenge to surgeons because the technique requires thorough and meticulous negotiation through abdomino-pelvic vascular structures and nerves supplying the pelvis, rectum, and ureters. The abdominal laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy surgery requires surgeons to have a deep understanding of anatomy to prevent potential life-threatening complications, which is as critical as it is for a pilot to understand the navigation route for a safe landing. This review is an extensive look and a great reminder to laparoscopic surgeons working in the pelvic cavity, especially those performing a pelvic floor surgery, about the anatomical safe routes for performing laparoscopic pelvic floor repairs.For easy reading and clear understanding, we have described step by step the safe anatomical journey a surgeon needs to take during laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. We divided the technique into five critical anatomic locations (landmarks), which serves as our “flight map” for performing safe and efficient laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy.     

Transvaginal hysterectomy: rationale and surgical approach

Abdominal hysterectomy is performed in the United States at a 3:1 ratio over vaginal hysterectomy, despite evidence that vaginal hysterectomy offers advantages over abdominal hysterectomy with regard to operative time, complication rates, recovery, return to daily activities, and overall costs of treatment. In fact, the predominance of the abdominal approach may be based on factors other than clinical considerations, including resident training, use of limited or obsolete guidelines, greater third-party compensation for abdominal procedures, a presumption rather than a confirmation that pathology exists that contraindicates a vaginal approach, and misconceptions about the safety and cost of vaginal hysterectomy. A number of studies spanning several years demonstrate that the use of more systematic guidelines for selecting the route of hysterectomy results in a major shift toward the vaginal approach. Evidence also shows that transvaginal hysterectomy is both feasible and optimum for types of patients who have long been considered inappropriate candidates for the vaginal route. New instrumentation facilitates the vaginal approach and contributes to improved hemostasis and decreased operative time. Included here is a step-by-step approach to determining appropriate candidates for the vaginal approach via assessment of access, uterus size, and extent of pathology.     

Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery Sacrocolpopexy: Tips and Tricks

Study Objective

To demonstrate helpful tips and tricks for the successful use of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) for performing sacrocolpopexy and salpingo-oophorectomy surgery. Minimally invasive approaches for treating pelvic organ prolapse via sacrocolpopexy have traditionally included laparoscopy either with or without robotic assistance. Transvaginal NOTES is a novel minimally invasive approach that both avoids abdominal incisions and provides improved visualization; however, it can be technically challenging.

腹腔镜下保留盆腔植物神经的解剖性广泛性子宫切除术37例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下保留盆腔植物神经的解剖性广泛性子宫切除术(LANSRH)治疗早期宫颈癌的可行性,并评价其改善术后膀胱功能的效果.方法 选择2006年10月至2007年9月接受LANSRH的临床分期为Ⅰb1～Ⅱa期的宫颈癌患者37例(LANSRH组),选择同期接受非保留盆腔植物神经的腹腔镜广泛性子宫切除术(LRH)的Ⅰb1～Ⅱa期宫颈癌患者25例作为对照(LRH组).比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、切除的淋巴结数、宫颈旁组织和阴道切除的长度,并对术后的膀胱功能进行评估和分级.结果 两组患者均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术.(1)LANSRH组患者手术时间、术中出血量、切除淋巴结数、宫颈旁组织切除长度及阴道切除长度分别为(175±41)min、(233±104)ml、(13±4)个、(3.6±0.5)cm和(3.5±1.0)cm,分别与LRH组[分别为(178±30)min、(218±77)ml、(15±6)个、(3.7±0.6)cm和(3.5±0.8)cm]比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).(2)拔除尿管后,LANSRH组患者中35例(95%)有膀胱充盈感,32例(86%)有自主排尿及排尿完全感;LRH组患者中,22例(88%)有膀胱充盈感,19例(76%)有自主排尿及排尿完全感;两组分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).LANSRH组患者留置尿管时间为(10.6±2.7)d,与LRH组[(17.2±4.2)d]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).LANSRH组患者中,膀胱功能为0、Ⅱ级者分别为68%(25/37)和3%(1/37),分别与LRH组[分别为40%(10/25)和12%(3/25)]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);膀胱功能为Ⅰ级者,LANSRH组和LRH组分别为24%(9/37)和48%(12/25),两组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)两组患者均未发生术中并发症,无需输血治疗.术后病理检查提示,所有患者宫颈旁均无肿瘤侵犯,也无淋巴结转移发生.两组患者随访11～19个月,所有患者均健在,均无复发和转移. 结论采用LANSRH治疗早期宫颈癌安全、可行,能保留支配膀胱的下腹下神经丛,在术后短期内明显改善患者的膀胱功能.     

An update of anatomical references in total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy: from surgical anatomy to anatomical surgery

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate laparoscopic dissection methodology for exposing the anatomical references necessary to achieve total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective single-center study. Video records of total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy were reviewed. The classic works of surgical anatomy and the most recent works on pelvic anatomy were used to elaborate anatomical references. (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: Son Llátzer General Hospital of Palma de Mallorca, Spain. INTERVENTIONS: Videorecords of 40 consecutive total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer were reviewed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The surgical maneuvers of total laparoscopic radical hysterectomy necessary for identification of the anatomical references are described. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal radical hysterectomy entails a series of surgical maneuvers with potential risk of bleeding and/or damage to pelvic structures. Many of these risks can be prevented, because the laparoscope enables precise surgical maneuvers in zones of difficult abdominal access. It is necessary to renew the classic concepts of surgical anatomy to adapt them to the operative mechanics of laparoscopy, which are closer to the characteristics of microsurgery than abdominal surgery.