Despite maintaining a high daily training availability,a quarter of athletes start the season injured and three quarters experience injury in an Australian State Academy of Sport

ObjectivesTo 1) investigate the incidence, prevalence, burden and characteristics of injuries; and 2) explore the frequency of physiotherapy and medical servicing for elite sports academy athletes over a 12-month season.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsMedical attention and time-loss injuries were prospectively recorded by Physiotherapy and Medical (Sports Physician) staff for 94 athletes (72.3% females). The number of linked physiotherapy and medical servicing appointments was also recorded. Injury incidence rates (IIR), point and period prevalence, and injury burden were calculated and compared by athlete gender, sport, and categorisation (performance level) using incidence rate ratios (IRR).ResultsThe number of injuries reported was 193 in 71 (75.5%) athletes. The IIR was 2.1 (95%CI: 1.8 to 2.4) injuries per 365 days, with no gender difference observed (IRR: 1.1, 0.8 to 1.4). The injury burden was 43.5 (95%CI: 37.8 to 50.1) days absent per 365 days. More than one-quarter (point prevalence, 26.6%) of athletes commenced the season with an injury. In-season injury risk was 2.5 fold greater in athletes who started the season with an injury compared to athletes who started the season without an injury (IRR: 2.5, 1.9 to 3.4). The majority (81.2%) of the 1164 appointments recorded were physiotherapy, with an overall 4.3:1.0 physiotherapy to medical appointment ratio.ConclusionsOne in four athletes began the elite pathway season with a pre-existing injury, while also demonstrating a 2.5 fold greater risk of subsequent injury in the scholarship period. Sports should not assume their athletes are uninjured at the beginning of their scholarship. Injury profiles, and physiotherapy and medical servicing varied across sports. To reduce health as a barrier in the successful transition of talented young athletes to elite athletes, injury management strategies at the commencement of recruitment and throughout the scholarship should be prioritised in the development pathway.     

Injury incidence and prevalence among elite weight and power lifters

The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and prevalence of injuries among elite weight lifters and power lifters, with a special focus on shoulder injuries and possible injury-provoking exercises. In 1995, a questionnaire was administered to 110 male and female elite lifters to evaluate injuries and training characteristics. A follow-up of the athletes from 1995 was conducted in 2000, and a new 2000 elite group was also queried. In 1995 and again in 2000, the athletes sustained, on average, 2.6 injuries per 1000 hours of activity. Most common in 1995 were low back injuries, with an injury rate of 0.43 per 1000 hours, and shoulder injuries, with a rate of 0.42 per 1000 hours. Shoulder injuries dominated in 2000, with an injury rate of 0.51 per 1000 hours of activity. There was a difference in injury pattern between weight lifters, who mostly sustained low back and knee injuries, and power lifters, in whom shoulder injuries were most common. No correlation was found between shoulder injuries and any specific exercise. Although the total injury rate was the same during the two periods of study, the rate of shoulder injuries had increased.     

Injuries in Norwegian female elite soccer: a prospective one-season cohort study

Female soccer has become increasingly popular during the last two decades. According to the International Football Association (FIFA) there are approximately 40 million registered female soccer players in the world. Three studies in elite soccer have shown an injury incidence during games ranging from 12.6 to 23.3 injuries per 1,000 h. A very high incidence of ACL-injuries ranging from 0.31 to 2.2 per 1,000 game hours has also been shown. We followed the Norwegian female elite series during the 2001 season to estimate the incidence and characteristics of injuries. A total of 181 female soccer players on ten teams were followed during the 2001 elite season in Norway. We recorded baseline data, match and training exposure and injury data as type of injury, location and severity of injury. The mean age of the players was 23 years (range 17–34). A total of 189 injuries were recorded and 19 (10%) of these were overuse injuries; 89 (47%) occurred during games and 100 (53%) during training sessions. The incidence of acute injuries was 23.6 per 1,000 game hours and 3.1 per 1,000 training hours. The majority of the injuries occurred in the lower extremities (81%), but there were also a significant number of head injuries (6.3%). The most common injury type was ankle sprain (17.2%). Half of the injuries were minor, with training or game absence of less than 7 days. Midfielders sustained the most injuries (32.6%) with an incidence of 42.4 per 1,000 game hours. We recorded two ACL-injuries and two PCL-injuries during the season. They all occurred during games, and the incidence was therefore calculated to 0.6 per 1,000 game hours for both injury types. The incidences of injuries reported for female soccer varies considerably, with the highest numbers reported from Germany and the present study. These studies have also the highest incidence of minor injuries registered. The location of the injuries is quite similar compared to other reports, but the number of ankle sprains seems to be higher in our study, whereas the number of knee and thigh injuries is lower. There has been much attention to ACL injuries in team handball and hamstring injuries in soccer in Norway, and this could have influenced the team’s pre-season training, resulting in a reduction in the incidence of these injury types. The high number of ankle injuries has to be addressed to see whether this is a result of inadequate rehabilitation routines leading to re-injuries, or other factors. The high number of ACL-injuries in these reports is alarming and needs special attention in the future.     

No effect of a video-based awareness program on the rate of soccer injuries

BACKGROUND: The injury rate in soccer is high, and effective injury prevention methods are needed. PURPOSE: To test the effect of a video-based awareness program on the incidence of acute injuries in soccer. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized control trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: Participants were elite male soccer players from the top 2 divisions in Iceland. Fifteen of 20 teams completed the study: 7 intervention teams (127 players) and 8 control teams (144 players) chosen by random. Just before the start of the 2000 soccer season, the intervention teams were visited with an intervention program. The program included a 15-minute presentation with information on the injury risk of playing elite soccer, typical injuries, and their mechanisms. Then the players worked together in pairs and analyzed video sequences to develop preventive strategies. The 12 video sequences were selected from the previous Icelandic soccer season, representing 3 typical injury mechanisms that accounted for more than half of all incidents recorded. During the season, team physical therapists prospectively recorded all acute injuries, and coaches recorded training exposure on a special form. Injury incidence was compared between groups and between the 1999 and 2000 seasons for teams that participated in both seasons. RESULTS: No difference was observed in injury incidence between the intervention (6.6 +/- 0.7 injuries per 1000 player hours) and control groups (6.6 +/- 0.7 injuries per 1000 player hours). Furthermore, there was no difference in injury location or type. CONCLUSION: The video-based injury awareness program showed no effect on injury rate.     

Incidence of injuries in elite French youth soccer players: a 10-season study

BACKGROUND: Research on age-related injury incidence in elite youth soccer is needed to identify high-risk groups. PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of soccer-related injuries in elite French youth players based at the Clairefontaine Football Center. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (Prevalence); Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: Injuries sustained by players in the younger than 14-, 15-, and 16-year-old age groups during 10 seasons were diagnosed and documented by a sports physician according to type, location, severity, the date the injury occurred, and playing position. RESULTS: Altogether, 1152 injuries were documented across all age groups with 69.1% and 30.9% sustained during training and matches, respectively. A total of 4.8 injuries per 1000 hours' exposure time were recorded and 11.2 and 3.9 injuries per 1000 hours for matches and training, respectively. There was no significant difference in injury frequency between age groups. The youngest group sustained more training injuries (P < .05) and osteochondroses (P < .05) and fewer match injuries than did the oldest group. Injury incidence varied throughout the season, peaking in September in all groups. The majority of injuries lasted less than 1 week (60.2%), contusions were the predominant injury type (30.6%, P < .05), and the upper leg was the site most often injured (24.5%, P < .05). CONCLUSION: Those players younger than 14 years incurred more injuries in training and sustained more growth-related overuse disorders. Older players were more often injured during matches. Injury incidence and the frequency of overuse disorders were highest early in the season.     

Soccer injuries among elite female players

Injuries occurring in two female elite soccer teams were recorded during 1 year. Of 41 players, 33 (80%) sustained 78 injuries. The incidence of injury during games was 24/1000 hours, while the incidence during training was 7/1000 hours. The majority (88%) of injuries were localized to the lower extremities, with equal occurrence in the left and right legs. Forty-nine percent of the injuries occurred in the knee or ankle. Most of the injuries were minor (49%), while 36% were moderate and 15% were major. Of the major injuries (N = 12), 10 were due to trauma and 7 (58%) were knee ligament or meniscal tears. Overuse injuries constituted 28% of all injuries and occurred mainly during preseason training and at the beginning and end of the competitive season. Traumatic injuries (72%) occurred mainly during games with a predominance at the beginning of the competitive season. Almost 80% of the traumatic injuries occurred during physical contact with an opponent. Extrinsic factors such as weather, playing surface, temperature, or the position of the player within the team did not influence the injury rate. We conclude that female elite soccer players sustain a high incidence of injury. Few injuries were major, but 17% of the players sustained a major knee injury during the year.     

第14届世界游泳锦标赛运动员损伤与疾病调查

目的:了解高水平游泳运动员在国际赛事中的损伤与疾病发生特点。方法:对第14届世界游泳锦标赛中前往医疗站就诊的运动员的损伤和疾病情况进行登记。医疗站医生收集运动员的医疗报告,每天上报给组委会医疗保障部,比赛结束后统一分析处理。按照国际奥委会损伤疾病监控系统(IOC injury and illness surveillance system)对运动员的损伤和疾病情况进行归类、统计分析,与以往数据比较。结果:整个赛期2165名注册运动员中,172名运动员就诊,运动损伤53例(24‰),女性运动员损伤发生率(n=21,18‰)低于男性(n=32,32‰)。游泳项目的损伤病例数最多(n=20),公开水域项目的损伤发生率最高(50‰)。运动损伤好发部位为头部躯干(35.8%)、下肢(35.8%)。最常见的损伤类型为皮肤擦伤,占全部就诊运动损伤病例的34%。整个赛期共发生疾病99例(46‰),呼吸道感染高发(n=40,40.4%),因牙齿问题到定点医院就诊的运动员人数最多(n=10,8例牙齿疾病,2例外伤导致牙齿断裂)。结果显示:与历届游泳锦标赛相比,本次比赛中运动员损伤发生率大为下降,呼吸系统感染是运动员的最常见疾病。预防牙病和牙齿健康应该得到重视。     

Injuries in elite volleyball

During the 1993–1994 volleyball season, injuries to players in the two Danish elite divisions were registered by means of a questionnaire survey. Eighty per cent of the players returned the questionnaire. A total of 70 female players reported 79 injuries and 67 male players reported 98 injuries, representing an overall incidence of 3.8 injuries per player per 1000 volleyball hours played. The injury incidence was the same for female and male players. Most injuries occurred in spiking (32%) and in blocking (28%). The injuries were predominantly either acute injuries to fingers (21%) and ankles (18%) or overuse injuries to shoulders (15%) and knees (16%). Shoulder injuries seemed to be a more serious problem in females. During the past 10 years the rate of overuse injuries has increased from 16% to 47% in male elite volleyball, corresponding to a significant increase in the incidence of these injuries from 0.5 to 1.8 injuries per player per 1000 played hours (P<0.001). A possible explanation for this could be a 50% increase in training activity during this period.     

Acute hamstring injuries in Danish elite football: A 12‐month prospective registration study among 374 players

The purpose of the present study was to examine the incidence rates of acute hamstring injuries in Danish elite football sustained during training or match play. Furthermore, it was our intention to document details about the recurrence, severity and the injury seasonal distribution. Hamstring injuries among 374 elite football players were registered prospectively during a 12‐month period. A total of 46 first‐time and eight recurrent hamstring injuries were registered. The incidence rates for incurring a first‐time hamstring injury showed a significantly (P<0.01) greater incidence rate per 1000 h during match play compared with training. Of 32 players who reported a hamstring injury in the 12‐month period before the study, eight (25%) incurred an injury that fulfilled the criteria for a recurrent injury. In 69% of the injuries, the severity of injury was categorized as moderate (8–28 days from injury to injury free) and 18% as severe (>28 days from injury to injury free). Each team sustained a mean of 3.4 hamstring injuries per season, with a mean of 21.5 days missed per injury (range 3–136; median 16 days per injury). The seasonal distribution showed an accumulation of injuries in the first 2 months after a 3.5‐month mid‐season winter break.     

Injuries in women's professional soccer

Objective: The injury data from the first two seasons of the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA) were analysed to determine the injury incidence, anatomic location of injuries, and relation of player position.

Methods: Injury data on 202 players from eight teams during the first two seasons of the WUSA were prospectively collected and analysed.

Results: A total of 173 injuries occurred in 110 players with an overall injury incidence rate of 1.93 injuries per 1000 player hours. The incidence of injury during practice and games was 1.17 and 12.63 per 1000 player hours, respectively. Of the injuries 82% were acute and 16% were chronic. Most of the injuries (60%) were located in the lower extremities. Strains (30.7%), sprains (19.1%), contusions (16.2%), and fractures (11.6%) were the most common diagnoses and the knee (31.8%) and head (10.9%) were the most common sites of injury. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries accounted for 4.6% of all injuries and the incidence of ACL tears was 0.09 per 1000 player hours (practice 0.04, game 0.90). Midfielders suffered the most injuries (p<0.007).

Conclusion: We conclude that the injury incidence in the WUSA is lower than the 6.2 injuries per 1000 player hours found in the corresponding male professional league (Major League Soccer); however, knee injuries predominate even in these elite female athletes.

     

Injuries presenting to Army physiotherapy in north Queensland, Australia

OBJECTIVE: To analyze archival physiotherapy records at a major military base in North Queensland, Australia, to investigate the epidemiology of injuries associated with sports and training, examining for possible risk factors for military training injury. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken during a 62-month period, from 1987 to 1992, at Lavarack Barracks, Townsville, Australia, which services a dynamic population base of some 5,000 uniformed staff. Sociodemographic basic data, as well as treatment-related data (treatment area, number and type, interval between onset and initial treatment, reported cause), were used. Admission records were recoded according to the Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (version 2.0) standard. RESULTS: During the 62-month period from 1987 to 1992, 4,993 personnel, 96.2% (4,803/4,993) males and 3.7% (190/4,993) females, were referred for 5,025 physiotherapy treatments. The incidence of injuries requiring physiotherapy was 80.4 new patients per 5,000 personnel per month, and the incidence rate of injury was 19.3% per year or 0.19 injuries per person per year. The mean age of patients was 25.7 +/- 6.2 (SD) years, and the median age was 24 years, with a range of 17 to 59 years. Injuries were related to military training (29.3%, 1,471/5,025), diverse causes (21.2%, 1,072/5,025), sports (13.8%, 694/5,025), insidious onset (11.8%, 589/5,025), football (11.7%, 586/5,025), manual handling (4.2%, 211/5,025), motor vehicle crashes (4.1%, 206/5,025), and surgery (3.9%, 196/5,025). The four major body areas treated by physiotherapists were the knee joint (37.0%, 1,321/3,612), lumbar spine (29.8%, 1,075/3,612), ankle (19.9%, 719/3,612), and shoulder joints (13.8%, 497/3,612), which accounted for nearly three-quarters of all admissions. Of these, most were referred without definitive diagnosis (71.1%, 2,572/3,612), with the remainder comprising joint injuries (17.5%, 634/3,612), other types of pathology such as chest infections or neurological involvement, soft-tissue injuries (3.5%, 128/3,612), and bone damage (1.0%, 38/3,612). Most injuries (59.0%, 2,959/5,019) occurred during the 6 months between April and September referred to as the winter season, during which 71.8% of all football and 66.8% of all sports-related referrals were made. Significant associations were found between gender and injury cause (p < 0.001), gender and injury type (p < 0.01), body area affected and injury type (p < 0.00001), body area affected and injury cause (p < 0.00001), injury cause and injury type (p < 0.00001), and season and injury cause (p < 0.00001). Pretreatment interval was significantly associated with cause of injury (p < 0.00001), body area affected (p < 0.0001), and type of injury (p < 0.0001). Total number of consecutive treatments provided was significantly associated with both body area affected (p < 0.05) and injury type (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study has used archival physiotherapy records for the purpose of exploring injury reporting patterns associated with a military population. The incidence profile for injuries using physiotherapy admissions is likely to be conservative because the patients are a group of injured military personnel selected by medical officers for physiotherapy treatment. This selection process needs further study, particularly because the majority of injuries referred for physiotherapy treatment are undiagnosed. This may be attributable in part to the cumulative and diverse nature of some injuries. Injury prevention needs to focus on activities relating to military training and football and other sports. Improved systems for recording detailed and accurate physiotherapy admission, treatment, and follow-up information are needed.     

The epidemiology of back injuries in elite Gaelic football athletes: An 8-year prospective study

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of back injury in elite male Gaelic football athletes between 2008 and 2016.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingInjury data from the National GAA Injury Surveillance Database.ParticipantsElite male Gaelic football athletes.Main outcome measuresIncidence of injury as a rate per 1000 h of exposure.Results38 datasets were analysed. Out of a total of 1606 time-loss injuries, 76 were back injuries (4.73%, 95% CI 3.80%–5.88%). The incidence of back injuries in match play was 1.72 (CI 95% 1.21 to 2.45) and in training was 0.2 (CI 95% 0.14 to 0.28) injuries per 1000 h of exposure. The majority of back injuries (63.16%, CI 95% 51.93–73.12) were new, as opposed to recurrent (35.53% CI 95% 25.7–46.74). Most back injuries were acute (51.32%, CI 95% 40.29–62.22), compared to chronic (31.58%, CI 95% 22.23–42.7) or overuse (11.84%, CI 95% 6.36–21.00). The majority of back injuries occurred during non-contact player activities (n = 60, 78.94% CI 95% 68.50–86.60).ConclusionsBack injury rates in Gaelic football are similar to soccer and Australian football but less than rugby union. Further research is needed to understand the factors leading to the onset and recurrence of back injury in Gaelic football athletes.     

Epidemiology of injury in elite and subelite female gymnasts: a comparison of retrospective and prospective findings

OBJECTIVES: An 18 month prospective injury survey was conducted on 64 Australian elite and subelite female gymnasts. The aims were to determine the rate of injury, anatomical location, and types of injury incurred by female competitive gymnasts, and to compare the findings with data collected retrospectively from the same sample of gymnasts. METHODS: The gymnasts recorded (weekly) in an injury record booklet the number of hours trained and information on any injuries suffered over that week. RESULTS: The sample reported 349 injuries, a rate of 5.45 per person (6.29 for the elite and 4.95 for subelite gymnasts) over the 18 month survey. Injuries to the ankle and foot (31.2%) were the most commonly reported, followed by the lower back (14.9%). The most prevalent type of injury were sprains (29.7%), followed by strains (23.2%), and growth plate injuries (12.3%). The elite gymnasts reported that, for each injury, they missed fewer training sessions (p = 0.01), but modified more sessions (p = 0.0001) than their subelite counterparts. Further, the elite gymnasts spent 21.0% of the year training at less than full capacity because of injury. Although a significantly higher number of injuries were recorded in the prospective study (p = 0.0004), no differences were found between the distribution of injury by anatomical location or type between the two methods of data collection. CONCLUSIONS: The findings have important implications in terms of training procedures and periodic screening of gymnasts.     

Incidence, risk, and prevention of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union

BACKGROUND: The incidence of hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union is high, but evidence-based information on risk factors and injury-prevention strategies in this sport is limited. PURPOSE: To define the incidence, severity, and risk factors associated with hamstring muscle injuries in professional rugby union and to determine whether the use of hamstring strengthening and stretching exercises reduces the incidence and severity of these injuries. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (prevention); Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Team clinicians reported all hamstring muscle injuries on a weekly basis and provided details of the location, diagnosis, severity, and mechanism of each injury; loss of time from training and match play was used as the definition of an injury. Players' match and training exposures were recorded on a weekly basis. RESULTS: The incidence of hamstring muscle injuries was 0.27 per 1000 player training hours and 5.6 per 1000 player match hours. Injuries, on average, resulted in 17 days of lost time, with recurrent injuries (23%) significantly more severe (25 days lost) than new injuries (14 days lost). Second-row forwards sustained the fewest (2.4 injuries/1000 player hours) and the least severe (7 days lost) match injuries. Running activities accounted for 68% of hamstring muscle injuries, but injuries resulting from kicking were the most severe (36 days lost). Players undertaking Nordic hamstring exercises in addition to conventional stretching and strengthening exercises had lower incidences and severities of injury during training and competition. CONCLUSION: The Nordic hamstring strengthening exercise may reduce the incidence and severity of hamstring muscle injuries sustained during training and competition.     

A retrospective injury analysis of state representative female soccer players

Objectives: A 5-year retrospective injury survey was conducted with 45 female elite soccer players from the Queensland Academy of Sport (QAS), to record the anatomical distribution, diagnosis and incidence of injury and identify possible risk factors in elite female soccer players at the QAS from 1993–1998. Methods: Data were gathered from medical, physiological, coaches and team managers' records. Results: The study recorded 239 injuries. Incidence of injury was highest in 1994 (12·2 per 1000 h) and lowest in 1995 (5·0 per 1000 h). Athletic exposure almost doubled between 1994 and 1995. Incidence of injury per 1000 athletic exposure hours decreased from 12·2 to 5 between 1994 and 1995. The leg accounted for 81·5% of all injuries and 52% of injuries involved the foot, ankle and shin. Strains (35%) and sprains (31%) were the most common diagnoses. Most injuries were of a mild nature (61%), with major injuries accounting for 19% of total injuries over the period 1993–1998. The most common major injuries were stress fractures (29%), with tibial stress fractures being the most common type. Injuries to the ankle, shin or both these areas were sustained by 66% of players. Seventy-six percent of ankle injuries and 100% of shin injuries were recurrent. Twenty-two percent of players had both ankle and shin injuries, in 90% of cases ankle injury was sustained before the shin injury. Conclusions: Ankle and shin were the most common injury in this group of high performance female soccer players with high recurrence. Incidence of injury may be related to athletic exposure.     

Spine injuries in gymnasts and swimmers. An epidemiologic investigation

Three groups of top level female gymnasts of preelite, elite, national and Olympic caliber were studied without regard to back pain or injury. These athletes were compared to a similar group of national caliber female swimmers. Magnetic resonance imaging scans of each participant were used to document disk or bony abnormalities. The relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings and age, height, weight, previous injuries, back symptoms, and hours of training per week each year was examined. Nine percent of preelite (1/11), 43% of elite (6/14), and 63% of Olympic level (5/8) gymnasts had spine abnormalities; 15.8% of all swimmers had spine abnormalities. Average hours of training per week and age were found to be associated with abnormalities seen on magnetic resonance imaging. Increased intensity and length of training correlated with previous data that suggests the female gymnast is prone to spine injuries.     

Injuries in youth and national combined events championships

In major track and field competitions, the most risky discipline is the combined event. Therefore, we aimed to record and analyze the incidence and characteristics of sports injuries incurred during the Youth and National Combined Events Championships. During the French Athletics Combined Events Championships in 2010, all newly occurred injuries were prospectively recorded by the local organising committee of physicians and physiotherapists working in the medical centres at the stadium, in order to determine incidence and characteristics of newly occurred injuries. In total, 51 injuries and 9 time-loss injuries were reported among 107 registered athletes, resulting in an incidence of 477 injuries and 84 time-loss injuries per 1?000 registered athletes. Approximately 72% of injuries affected lower limbs and 60% were caused by overuse. Thigh strain (17.6%) was the most common diagnosis. 14 dropouts were recorded, 8 were caused by an injury (57.1%). During the National and Youth Combined Events Championships, over one third of the registered athletes incurred an injury, with an injury incidence higher than in international elite track and field competitions. Interestingly, this higher injury risk concerned the younger population affecting immature musculoskeletal structures. In combined events, preventive interventions should mainly focus on overuse and thigh injuries.     

优秀运动员的运动创伤流行病学调查

本研究对象是国家和省、市级运动队 2 9个 ,行业体协队 18个 ,49种运动项目 ,对 6 810名运动员进行了运动创伤流行病学调查。结果 :共查出 317种损伤 ,有伤者 40 49名 ,患病率为 5 9 37%。其中腰背肌肉筋膜炎为 14 48% ,踝腓侧副韧带损伤为 4 49% ,膝半月板损伤为 4 2 0 % ,肩袖损伤为 4 0 7% ,髌骨末端病为 3 5 7% ;按受伤组织分类 :肌肉、腱、鞘、末端损伤患病率为 5 0 38% ,韧带损伤为 10 79% ,关节损伤为 9 47% ;各种运动项目患病率差异较大 ,自79 6 5 % - 5 5 6 %不等。共使用治疗方法 6 5种 ,其中使用最多 ,疗效稍好的前 3种方法为手法占 34 % ,针刺占 11 2 4% ,中药外敷占 9 77%。运动损伤对训练影响 ,能正规训练占 6 4 5 6 % ,运动量减少一半以内占 2 3 98% ,减少一半以上占9 10 % ,停训者占 2 36 %。作者针对问题提出健全运动训练和医疗制度 ,加强岗位责任制 ,及时总结损伤的经验教训 ,以尽可能减少事故的发生。     

Does a major knee injury definitely sideline an elite soccer player?

Injuries occurring in three Swedish elite soccer teams were analyzed during 1 year. A total of 49 of 64 players (75%) sustained 85 injuries. The incidence of injury during games was 13 injuries per 1000 hours, while the incidence during training was 3 injuries per 1000 hours. Twenty percent of the injuries required hospital facilities. The majority of the traumatic injuries (93%) were to the lower extremities, with one third of the total injuries occurring in the knee. Overuse injuries accounted for 35% of all injuries and occurred mainly during preseason training and at the end of each season. Conversely, the majority of traumatic injuries occurred during games, equally distributed between the first and second halves with a predominance toward the end of each half. The position of the player within the team did not influence injury rate. The referee considered 28% of the traumatic injuries to be caused by violation of existing rules. Thirty-four percent of the injuries were major, causing more than 1 month of absence from training and/or games. Eleven knee injuries required surgical intervention revealing seven ruptured ACLs, of which three were chronic. At followup, 9 to 18.5 months after injury, 4 of 12 players with major knee injuries had returned to play at the elite level. The others had either been transferred to lower divisions or were still in rehabilitation.