山羊蠕形螨的扫描电镜观察

通过扫描电镜，全面细致地描述了山羊蠕形螨的背基刺、须肢附节爪、亚颚毛、须肢动节小突、足爪、股距、爪距、阴道及雄性生殖孔、阴茎、阴鞘、背足体毛、背部及末体皮纹、肛孔等微细结构形态，山羊蠕形螨各期未成熟虫体的颚体和足体附肢在结构形态上与成虫存有差异，这与其功能是相适应的。论文最后还对蠕形螨电镜的扫描样品的制备方法提出了改进意见。     

中国血蜱属（蜱螨目：硬蜱科）研究：嗜鸟血蜱亚属Subgenus Ornithophysalis附一新记载种

中国的血蜱属嗜鸟血蜱亚属已知有3种,即嗜鸟血蜱 Haemaphysalis （Ornithophilis） ornithophila Hoogstraal et Kohls,板齿鼠血蜱 Hae.（Or.） bandicota Hoogstraal et Kohls,钝刺血蜱 Hae.（Or.） doenitzi Warburton et Nuttall,加上本文报道的中国新记载种,啄木鸟血蜱Hae.（Or.） megalaimae Rajagopalan,共4个种,并编制了分种检索表.     

北京市房山区长角血蜱携带山羊无形体的调查?

为确认我国华北地区广泛分布的长角血蜱是否携带新近发现的山羊无形体Anaplasma capra,2012、2015年5～9月期间,在北京房山地区采集长角血蜱并进行检测。结果共采集游离的长角血蜱311只,其中成蜱95只,若蜱156只,幼蜱60只。提取蜱基因组DNA后对山羊无形体的gltA和16S rRNA两个基因片段进行PCR扩增。结果显示,共有3（3?2％）只成蜱阳性,若蜱和幼蜱中未检测到山羊无形体。遗传进化分析显示,扩增出的gltA和16S rRNA序列和早先报道的牡丹江人感染的A． capra的序列相一致。证实了在我国华北地区的媒介蜱携带该新发现的山羊无形体,该地区为山羊无形体潜在的自然疫源地。加强该地区蜱媒传染病的防控工作具有必要性和紧迫性。     

对玻璃陶瓷、羟基磷灰石和氧化铝土颗粒的磷硅灰石骨导管的定量分析评价

关于多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)的骨形成的定量分析已有许多报道,但是没有生物活性玻璃陶瓷(A—w.GC)颗粒的报道。因而本文将A—WGC、HA和铝土(Al)磷硅灰石骨导管植入动物胫骨内进行定量分析研究。取300～330g(16wk)鼠进行麻醉后,于胫骨干骺端前正中部位做一切口成一深4mm长2mm的小孔,用盐水冲洗除去孔内骨渣后,将A—WGC颗粒植入孔内,其     

甘肃南部部分地区Q热分子流行病学调查研究

为了解甘肃南部部分地区人群、媒介及宿主动物中Q热贝氏柯克斯体感染情况,采用布旗法和夹夜法分别采集蜱、野栖鼠标本,并收集当地居民及家畜血液标本.应用巢式PCR方法扩增蜱及野栖鼠标本中Q热立克次体,共检测6种蜱1 273只,其中若蜱1 126只,成蜱147只蜱标本,若蜱67组中有5组检测到Q热病原体DNA片段.成蜱中17只检测阳性;42只野栖鼠中2个鼠种3只检测阳性;采用间接免疫荧光法进行血清Q热抗体检测.共检测当地居民血清446份,抗体阳性29份;不同职业阳性率存在差异,以牧民的阳性率为最高.共检测家畜血液标本326份,其中牛56份,阳性5份;羊270份,阳性29份,无显著差别.饲养牛羊、牛羊不明原因流产、接生时保护措施3个因素与血清阳率有关,其中前两个因素为危险因素,后者为保护因素.     

9.999K纯金的生物相容性及其与角膜生物愈合特性的研究

目的研究9.999K纯金的生物相容性及其与角膜的生物愈合特性,寻找理想的人工角膜周边制作材料.方法将制作有70～80个小孔、厚0.1mm、直径8mm、曲率半径7.8mm的弧形9.999K纯金薄片植入兔角膜板层中,裂隙灯观察并照相,不同时间点取材进行光镜、扫描电镜以及透射电镜检查.结果最长观察7个月无脱出,在组织中稳定、无析出、无包裹、对周围组织无毒性.角膜成纤维细胞能长入人工制作的小孔内并合成胶原;8眼出现植入物前角膜基质层钙质沉积.术后第2、3周出现不同程度的角膜水肿与新生血管,10天左右自行消退.结论纯金具有良好的生物相容性,通过人工制作的小孔与角膜产生生物愈合;植入物一定程度地影响了角膜的内环境;增加小孔面积后,可增加其生物相容性.     

先天性巨毛色素痣合并癫(癎)发作1例报告

1病例报告患者,女,9岁,学生,足月顺产。出生时发现右眉着色较对侧深,随年龄增长,颜色逐渐加深,其上长有长黑毛,突出表皮,范围2．5×2．5 cm。左眼内斜,余正常。既往无昏迷、抽搐病史,父母系三代无癫癎病史。患者于3岁半时在     

新型骨植入材料多孔钽-骨结合界面成骨以及相关成骨因子的表达及意义北大核心

背景:具有自主知识产权的国产多孔钽材料具有无毒性及良好的生物相容性,前期体内外实验研究得出结论:国产多孔钽无毒性,具有良好的生物相容性,具有促成骨作用。此次实验是多孔钽-骨界面成骨机制的探讨。目的:观察多孔钽兔股骨植入后钽-骨结合界面成骨形态特点及成骨相关因子整合素β1及纤维粘连蛋白的表达,探讨多孔钽骨内植入钽-骨界面骨整合的生物学机制。方法:实验采用自身对照方法,取日本大耳白兔制备双侧股骨髁骨缺损模型,同一动物左侧股骨内植入多孔钽棒为实验组,右侧股骨内植入异体骨为对照组。术后2,4,8周于骨缺损部位取材,石蜡切片、硬组织切片光镜观察多孔钽与宿主骨交界处成骨形态特点;扫描电镜观察多孔钽-骨界面成骨特征;免疫组织化学检测整合素β1及纤维粘连蛋白的表达。结果与结论:(1)多孔钽棒植入后与宿主骨结合紧密。石蜡切片苏木精-伊红染色结果显示:界面纤维膜早期疏松、较厚,晚期致密较薄,界面出现片状成骨;(2)硬组织切片观察:2周时钽-骨界面已出现新生骨及小血管并向孔隙内生长;4、8周时钽-宿主骨界面新生骨增多并与宿主骨连接成片,骨小梁成熟;(3)扫描电镜下可见成骨细胞在多孔钽表面及孔隙内生长,晚期骨质成熟并见板层骨;(4)免疫组化结果显示:多孔钽骨植入2周时实验组整合素β1的表达显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而纤维粘连蛋白的表达在两组之间比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);整合素及纤维粘连蛋白的表达在2,4,8周时均呈递减趋势;(5)结论:多孔钽有利于成骨细胞在其表面及孔隙内黏附,整合素β1及纤维粘连蛋白在成骨初期钽-骨界面表达增高,可能对早期成骨起促进作用,而在骨成熟期表达则降低,有利于骨整合及改建。     

婴儿小肠肌纤维瘤1例

患儿男婴,2个月龄,剖宫分娩,出生体重3.6 kg,出生后纳奶、排便未见明显异常,1个月前无明显诱因出现排便困难,平均2天排便1次,最长间隔5天1次,排便困难时需给予开塞露等纳肛予以协助,入院前1天,无明显诱因血便1次,量较多,血液成分呈暗紫红色,与大便分离,病程中患儿一般情况尚可,无发热、恶心、呕吐,吃奶良好,小便正常。体检未见异常。X线示下腹部多发小气液平面,肠瘀胀,不除外不全性肠梗阻。术中探查腹腔,见小肠广泛充气扩张,距回盲部约15 cm处探及一段质硬小肠,似有肿物围绕肠管生长,大小3 cm×2 cm×1 cm,切开后见内容暗红色陈旧血凝块,肿物远端肠管纤细,无气体充盈。     

涉及C2水平的长节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的手术疗效观察

目的 探讨涉及C₂水平的长节段颈椎后纵韧带骨化(OPLL)症的手术方式及疗效。方法 对2011年5月—2014年11月第二军医大学附属长征医院脊柱外科手术治疗的42例涉及C₂水平长节段OPLL症患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。其中男22例、女20例,平均年龄56.2岁。依术式不同将其分为A、B两组,A组21例行单纯C_3～7后路椎管扩大成形术,B组21例行C_3～7后路椎管扩大成形加C₂椎板下缘减压术,比较两组患者术后JOA评分及评分改善率、颈椎曲度及C_2～3椎体间活动度。结果 42例患者均顺利完成手术。A组中1例术后发生C₅神经根麻痹,A组中1例、B组中2例术后出现轴性疼痛,予相应处理后痊愈。术后随访6个月～4年,平均随访2.1年。术后3个月及末次随访时B组JOA评分及评分改善率均高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为7.203、6.644,P值均＜0.01)。术后3个月及末次随访时两组患者颈椎曲度及C_2~3椎体间活动度差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。结论 对于涉及C₂水平长节段颈椎OPLL症患者,若K线阳性,行C_3~7后路椎管扩大成形加C₂椎板下缘减压术,可以取得满意疗效。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.