金坛市小学生膳食健康教育干预效果评价

目的 通过健康教育,提高江苏省金坛市小学生《中国居民膳食指南(2007)》相关知识、态度、行为水平,培养小学生的良好饮食习惯。方法 选取金坛市2所小学307名五年级学生为调查对象,对其进行膳食指南相关营养知识、态度、行为调查,选择其中1所学校为干预学校,进行相关营养知识健康教育,另1所学校作为对照,3个月后对干预效果进行评价。结果 干预学校学生基线调查和终期调查营养知识得分分别为(4.51±2.32)、(9.82±2.65)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-28.74,P<0.05);对照学校学生基线调查和终期调查营养知识得分分别为(5.18±1.98)、(5.86±1.75)分,差异无统计学意义;干预学校小学生健康教育干预后的营养知识明显提高,饮食行为趋于合理,听说过膳食指南的学生由15.5%(17/109)提高到84.4%(92/109)(χ²=103.21,P<0.05),每天吃早餐的学生由59.8%(65/109)上升到72.5%(79/109)(χ²=4.01,P=0.045),每周不吃膨化食品的学生由16.5%(18/109)上升到35.7%(39/109)(χ²=10.48,P=0.001),差异均有统计学意义。结论 营养健康教育可提高小学生的营养知识水平,改善其饮食理念和饮食行为。     

A study on nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior of elementary school children in Seoul

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrition and diet related knowledge, attitude, and behavior of elementary school children in Seoul. The subjects included were 439 (male 236, female 203) elementary school children in the 4th to the 6th grades. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 12.0 program. The average obesity index (OI) was 104.98 and 99.82 for male and female subjects, respectively. The average percentage of underweight, normal, overweight and obese of subjects was 33.7%, 32.8%, 12.3%, and 19.4%, respectively. The percentage of the underweight group of female subjects was higher than that of the male subjects. The percentage of the obese group of male subjects was higher than that of the female subjects. The average score of nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude and dietary behavior was 6.8, 7.44, and 7.34, respectively. Dietary behavior of male subjects was positively correlated with parents'' education levels, monthly household income and nutrition attitude. Dietary behavior of female subjects was positively correlated with monthly household income, nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude. Dietary behavior of female subjects was positively correlated with obesity index (OI). Proper nutrition education and intervention are required for the improvement of elementary school children''s nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitudes and dietary behaviors.     

Taste education reduces food neophobia and increases willingness to try novel foods in school children

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

This study measured the effects of a taste education program developed in Korea on food neophobia and willingness to try novel foods in school children.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

One-hundred and twenty school children (aged 7-9 years) residing in Seoul participated in 12 sessions of a taste education program for 3 months. The Korean taste education program was adapted from "Les classes du goût" by J. Puisais and modified to suit a Korean education environment. The study subjected school children to pre- and post-programs on food neophobia and willingness to try novel foods (WTNF), in addition to children''s food neophobia in their parents. A total of 101 survey data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0.

RESULTS

Regarding the effects of taste education, scores of food neophobia significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the posttest, mean (m) score (4.10 ± 1.19) decreased compared to the pretest (4.39 ± 1.00), and WTNF significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the pretest (m) score (0.48 ± 0.33) compared to the pretest (0.32 ± 0.34). This result indicates verification of the study hypothesis.

CONCLUSIONS

Food neophobia scale (FNS), an index that measures personal food preference [1,2], showed a very weak correlation with behavioral willingness to taste novel foods (WTNF). Therefore, it is expected that the two scales measure different things. However, considering that the traits of food neophobia are not easily changed, the taste education program was administered in a remarkably effective manner.     

Are primary school children gaining heart health benefits from their journeys to school?

Summary Information was collected in relation to 1133 children, aged 4–11 years, regarding methods of travel to and from school, together with distances involved. Ninety-seven per cent of the children walked, travelled by car or alternated between these 2 methods of travel. Some 584 children (51·5%) walked to school every day with an average one-way-distance of less than half a mile. It would seem therefore that few primary school children are walking far enough to gain heart health benefits from their journeys to school. Reasons are given, however, as to why it is important for young children to be encouraged to walk to school providing adequate safety considerations are taken into account.     

Change in health knowledge of Bangladeshi children: five years experience

This article explores the improvement in the level of health knowledge of Bangladeshi children over a five year period 1993-1998. Data were generated from two nationally representative sample surveys covering respectively 2520 and 3360 children aged 11-12 y. Six health knowledge items, relevant to life in Bangladesh, were considered. Analyses revealed a significant improvement in the knowledge over the period. However, significant socio-economic variations also persisted in the performance. Rural children improved much faster compared to their urban counterparts. In both the surveys, children's performance varied significantly by items. To equip children with necessary health knowledge this study suggested strengthening health education at primary level in Bangladesh.     

Fruit and vegetables – attitudes and knowledge of primary school children

Objectives To evaluate whether children, aged 8–11 years could correctly identify commonly available fruit and vegetables; to assess the acceptability of these; and to gain a broad understanding of children's perceptions of ‘healthy eating’. Methods Fruit and vegetables used were those readily available in retail outlets in the UK. Data were collected from three year‐groups (n = 221) using a questionnaire supported by semistructured interviews and discussions. Results Overall, fruit was more popular than vegetables and recognition of fruit better; melons being the least well identified. Recognition of vegetables increased with age; the least well identified being cabbage which was confused with lettuce by 32, 16 and 17% of pupils in their respective age groups. Most children (75%) were familiar with the term healthy eating, citing school (46%) as the most common source of information. Pupils showed an awareness and understanding of current recommendations for a balanced diet, although the message has become confused. Conclusions If fresh fruit and vegetables are to form part of a balanced diet, the ‘health message’ needs to be clear. Fruit is well liked; vegetables are less acceptable with many being poorly recognized, factors which need to be addressed.     

学龄前儿童心理行为问题与健康教育状况研究

【目的】了解南京市学龄前儿童行为问题及健康教育状况。【方法】随机抽取二个区九所托幼机构1 141名儿童作为调查对象,应用Achenbach儿童行为量表及托幼机构心理卫生健康教育状况问卷,了解儿童行为问题及健康教育状况。【结果】南京市学龄前儿童心理行为问题检出率为9.20%,儿童行为问题男女检出比例为1∶2,女童行为问题发生高于男童,5岁以下女童行为异常高于5岁以上女童。儿童行为问题与父母文化程度、父母有心理卫生培训证书、父母经常责骂子女、父亲对儿童的关心程度、家长较凶、家庭和睦密切相关。家长希望通过专业人员、报纸(电视)获得心理卫生知识,希望在医院、托幼机构、保健部门得到心理卫生服务。托幼机构儿童心理卫生服务较薄弱。【结论】儿童行为问题的发生是环境、社会、家庭、教养等多因素综合作用结果,对学校、家长、儿童开展健康教育活动至关重要。     

重庆市中学生性健康知识、态度、教育需求及性别差异分析

目的 了解重庆市不同性别中学生的性健康知识、态度及性教育需求,为制定针对性的中学生性健康及防艾宣传策略提供依据.方法 在重庆主城和近远郊各3个区采取整群抽样的方法抽取初一到高三共六个年级的学生(男生1765名,女生2028名),采用自行设计问卷开展横断面调查.结果 中学生性健康知识总体知晓率较低,女生在性生理发育特点、...     

性与生殖健康干预模式对初中生知识、态度的影响研究

目的：在上海市初中学生中开展由校外医学专业人员进行的性生殖健康教育综合性干预模式,探讨该干预模式对青少年相关知识和态度的影响。方法本研究以上海市2个区的4所初级中学作为研究现场,选择其中2所为干预组,另2所为对照组,以初一学生作为研究对象进行为期1年的干预研究。在考虑基线水平的情况下,分析干预组和对照组生殖健康相关知识和态度的差异。结果基线调查结果显示干预组和对照组一般情况的分布较为均衡。干预组和对照组在基线调查时的生殖健康知识、态度上大部分无明显差别（P＞0．05）,但在终末调查时干预组较对照组在艾滋病传播途径、有效避孕方法等方面的知识水平明显为高（χ2值分别为4．557、3．947、4．195、4．478、5．830,均P＜0．05）。在对待生殖健康相关态度方面,干预组和对照组也存在明显差异（χ2值分别为12．445、7．326、9．303、5．971,均P＜0．05）。结论由校外医学专业人员开展的性与生殖健康教育综合干预模式可有效提高初中生的性生殖健康的知识和态度,在当前性教育师资缺乏、家长性教育能力有限的情况下,是提高青少年生殖健康水平的有效途径。     

Health knowledge of children in Bangladesh: an exploratory study

This article explores the relationship between selected socio-economic factors and health knowledge of children in Bangladesh. Data was generated from a representative sample survey of 2520 children aged 11–12 y and resident throughout the country. A total of six health knowledge items, all of which are very relevant to Bangladesh, were assessed in this study. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis were used for this purpose. Analysis revealed that the urban/rural residence of the child, the length of the child's schooling in years, the parental level of education and the economic status of the household was associated with the level of health knowledge of the children. To achieve the required improvement in health knowledge of Bangladeshi children this study concluded that adequate schooling of all children must be ensured by removing social barriers to this. Greater educational investment as well as quality education related to everyday life should be provided in rural areas.     

江苏省国家卫生城市中小学生健康知识水平调查

目的了解江苏省国家卫生城市中小学生的健康知识知晓情况。方法对江苏省中小学生的健康知识进行了问卷抽样调查。结果中学生的健康知识知晓率为90.40%,小学生健康知识知晓率为91.07%,中小学生平均知晓率为90.48%。苏南城市小学生健康知识知晓率高于苏北城市(P<0.01),中学生无显著差异。结论国家卫生城市学生的健康知识知晓率较低,学生应知的健康知识内容及知晓率标准缺乏统一性、系统性,中小学校健康教育教育课未得到落实。     

溧水县高中学生健康危险行为现状调查

目的:了解南京市溧水县高中学生健康危险行为现状,为制定相关伤害的预防控制措施提供依据。方法:根据《江苏省青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》内容,对6所高中2 482名学生进行问卷调查。结果:调查中有17.1%的学生想过自杀,32.0%的学生发生过严重受伤,28.2%的学生尝试过吸烟,58.4%的学生尝试过饮酒,学生中使用过网络的达92.5%,2.9%的学生有过性行为。结论:南京市溧水县高中学生健康危险行为发生状况不容忽视,迫切需要开展各种行为干预措施。     

中学生性及生殖健康教育干预效果评价

目的 评价学校和家庭性教育对中学生性和生殖健康知识的影响.方法 在上海市徐汇区11所中学开展干预研究,干预持续2年.通过干预前后2次问卷调查评价干预效果.结果 干预前干预1组初中生总知识得分(18.75)低于干预2组(26.00)和对照组(28.55)(P<0.05).高中生干预1组、干预2组、对照组总知识得分分别为40.54,37.57和38.17,差异无统计学意义.干预后各组中学生各项知识得分均明显提高(P<0.01),但2个干预组的上升幅度更明显(P<0.05).多因素分析显示,调整其他影响因素后,2个干预组与对照组知识得分增值的差值初中生为16.5和22.9,高中生为18.8和16.8.结论 性教育可明显提高中学生性与生殖健康知识水平.对于不同年龄段中学生,不同的性教育模式效果有所不同.     

重庆市学龄前儿童口腔健康教育调查

目的　了解重庆市学龄前儿童对口腔健康知识的知晓情况。方法　于 2 0 0 1年 9～ 10月对重庆市主城区 6所小学 484名学前班儿童进行了共 8学时、为期 2个月的儿童口腔健康教育课程 ,并对授课前后口腔健康知识进行问卷调查。结果　儿童对口腔健康知识回答平均正确率由授课前的 61 92 %增加到授课后的 90 19% ,授课前后比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 5)。结论　采取对儿童进行口腔健康教育和宣传牙病预防知识 ,把预防牙病从医院延伸到课堂 ,对培养儿童良好的口腔卫生习惯 ,树立牙病预防的正确观念 ,提高儿童口腔健康水平具有重要意义     

山东省重点中学学生健康知识水平及其对健康教育的态度

目的了解中学生健康知识水平和对健康教育的态度情况,为教育主管部门、学校和教师合理地、有针对性地解决存在的问题提供依据。方法采取分层抽样的方法在山东省部分市县抽取重点初中和高中学生1867人,采用自行设计的调查问卷,对调查对象的健康知识知晓情况与对健康教育的态度进行调查。结果山东省重点中学学生的健康知识总体水平较高,经济发达地区学生的健康知识水平明显高于其他地区的中学生;高中学生的健康知识水平明显高于初中学生;女生的健康知识水平比男生高;认为健康教育是重要的比例较高,93.7%的中学生认识到开设健康教育课是重要的,92.3%的中学生愿意接受健康教育,94.2%的中学生愿意养成良好的卫生习惯和采取健康的生活方式。结论山东省重点初中高中学生健康知识知晓率较高,对健康教育的态度较明确,这与近年来我国小学普及健康教育课有关,但还有一些知识知晓率相对较低,应该加强。     

The unique and joint contributions of various socialization agents to the acquisition of political knowledge among elementary school children in Israel

The current study seeks to identify the socialization agents that contribute to the political knowledge of elementary school children in Israel. The study’s underlying assumption is that understanding how young children acquire political knowledge is important because occurrences during early childhood have a major impact on socialization. The research considers the methodological difficulties involved in working with this age group and the perspectives associated with cultural structuring, according to which children are apolitical and therefore lack political knowledge or insights. The research examines political knowledge in the context of Israeli elections for the parliament and the prime minister and was conducted around a month prior to the elections. The results reveal that the dominant socialization agents contributing to children’s political knowledge are parents, television and school. In addition, the study found that a combination of a number of socialization agents yields increased political knowledge.     

Health education: results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2006

BACKGROUND: School health education can effectively help reduce the prevalence of health-risk behaviors among students and have a positive influence on students' academic performance. This article describes the characteristics of school health education policies and programs in the United States at the state, district, school, and classroom levels. METHODS: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducts the School Health Policies and Programs Study every 6 years. In 2006, computer-assisted telephone interviews or self-administered mail questionnaires were completed by state education agency personnel in all 50 states plus the District of Columbia and among a nationally representative sample of districts (n=459). Computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with personnel in a nationally representative sample of elementary, middle, and high schools (n=920) and with a nationally representative sample of teachers of classes covering required health instruction in elementary schools and required health education courses in middle and high schools (n=912). RESULTS: Most states and districts had adopted a policy stating that schools will teach at least 1 of the 14 health topics, and nearly all schools required students to receive instruction on at least 1 of these topics. However, only 6.4% of elementary schools, 20.6% of middle schools, and 35.8% of high schools required instruction on all 14 topics. In support of schools, most states and districts offered staff development for those who teach health education, although the percentage of teachers of required health instruction receiving staff development was low. CONCLUSIONS: Health education has the potential to help students maintain and improve their health, prevent disease, and reduce health-related risk behaviors. However, despite signs of progress, this potential is not being fully realized, particularly at the school level.     

高中女生生殖健康知识及健康教育干预的影响

目的:了解高中女生生殖健康知识状况以及健康教育干预的影响。方法:抽取武汉地区中等规模的高中8所,其中4所作为干预组,另4所作为对照组,干预组学生采用1∶1的比例配对对照,对干预组实施健康教育干预持续3个月后,对干预组、对照组同时进行调查。结果:杂志、报纸、课外书籍是女生目前获取生殖健康知识的主要途径;女生了解性行为、性疾病、妊娠等方面知识的比例随着年级的增高而增长;女生对生殖健康知识相关问题的正确选择率多接近或超过60%,但对于性病概念的正确认识、手淫、性交与妊娠的关系等正确选择率较低;43.12%的女生感觉获取生殖健康知识不容易,84.02%的女生有清洗外阴习惯,有手淫、性交史的女生分别为5.65%、0.28%,女生了解性知识和找校医咨询的意愿均较低;干预后,干预组生殖健康问题的正确选择率较对照组明显提高。结论:高中女生生殖健康知识水平尚待进一步提高,健康教育对于提高高中女生的生殖健康知识水平有较为明显的作用。     

学校健康教育效果评价

目的评价在小学生中开展卫生知识健康教育的效果,为进一步开展小学生健康教育工作奠定基础。方法以北京市石景山区两所农名工子弟学校作为干预对象,通过每周开设健康课、开展健康教育为主题的班会、绘画、板报比赛,发放健康知识宣传手册和设立报栏、健康知识角等多种形式进行卫生知识健康教育。通过问卷调查,了解干预前后农民工子弟学校与普通学校学生卫生知识知、信、行的变化,对健康教育的效果进行评价。结果干预前小学生预防龋齿、沙眼、近视及肥胖知识的正确回答率分别为61.4%、23.6%、54.7%、48.6%,干预后分别上升为90.4%、81.4%、93.8%、90.9%,对照普通小学分别为76.5%、33.8%、86.2%、75.2%,农民工子弟学校学生的健康知识知晓率明显提高;干预前学生按时接种疫苗率、拥有自己毛巾、希望得到健康指导的比例分别为38.4%、54.5%、85.9%,干预后分别上升为90.7%、86.3%、96.7%,对照普通小学分别为79.1%、94.3%、94.5%,部分知识掌握程度超过当地普通小学,健康行为的形成率明显提高,性别对健康教育效果有影响。结论在学校开展健康教育效果显著,意义重大。     

广州某校大学生健康知识态度及教育效果评价

目的了解广州某高校大学生健康知识及态度现况,评价课堂教学方式的近期效果。方法采用整群抽样方法,将选修大学生健康教育课程的198名学生作为选修组,未选修该门课程的293名学生作为非选修组,对2组大学生进行健康知识、态度问卷调查。结果非选修组学生健康知识平均得分为(63.98±15.68)分,最低分数为15分,低于选修组的(81.17±12.84)分(t=13.30;P=0.000);94.7%的大学生认为有必要开设健康教育课程,97.5%认为学习后有所收获;98.5%的选课学生对课程满意或基本满意,1.5%不满意;84.6%的学生因为不知道大学生健康教育课程可以选修或选课系统选不上而没有选修,15.4%认为没有益处或不感兴趣而不选。结论广州高校大学生对健康知识掌握不够充分,课堂式的健康教育可以明显提高大学生健康知识水平,有必要在高校中广泛、有效地开设以课堂讲授为主的大学生健康教育。