新疆维吾尔族,汉族儿童心脏径线的X线测量

作者测量了新疆地区７６８例３－７岁维吾尔族、汉族儿童心脏径线。心脏横径６岁组维吾尔族大于汉族。不分年龄组左心横径、心横径、心深径维吾尔族大于汉族，左侧位心膈交至前胸膜面的距离维吾尔族女童大于汉族女童。两民族心横径与心脏体积的相关系数分别大于心脏深径与心脏体积的相关系数。本文提供了新疆地区３－７岁维吾尔族、汉族儿童各年龄组和不分年龄组心脏径线的正常数据。     

新疆乌市、泽普地区703名维、汉族儿童5项体格发育指标的调查

作者对乌市、泽普两地３～７岁７０３名维吾尔族及汉族儿童的大高、体重、坐高、胸围、体表面积进行了测量和统计分析。发现汉族男主身高、体重、坐高、体表面积大于维族男士，而胸围维族女士大于汉族女童。所测各年龄组均值大于本地区１９８５年统计的均值，故有必要积累更多资料对儿童生长发育状况重新评价。     

新疆蒙古族青年心脏体积X线测量研究

为明确蒙古族青年心脏体积的正常值范围，为蒙古族人心脏病诊断提供客观依据。本文测量了３１２例蒙古族青年身高、体重及心脏径线，用Ｊｏｎｓｅｌ公式（Ｖ＝Ｋ×Ｌ×Ｂ×Ｄ）计算个体的心脏体积及心脏体积指数，并与新疆汉族及维吾尔族进行了比较。结果：蒙古族男性与汉族男性及维吾尔族男性心脏体积无差异，而蒙古族男性及维吾尔族男性心脏体积指数明显大于汉族；蒙古族女性、维吾尔族女性心脏体积及心脏体积指数明显大于汉族女性。并推导出由心表面积预计心脏体积的回归方程，解决了用一张胸片预计心脏体积的问题。认为不同民族心脏体积不尽相同，建立各民族心脏体积正常值范围是提高心脏病诊断率的必要手段。     

新疆锡伯族、汉族成人心脏体积X线测量研究

为明确锡伯族与汉族心脏体积及心脏体积指数存在的差异，为锡伯族临床心脏病的诊断提供客观依据。用Ｘ线平片测量了新疆伊犁地区３５２例１８～４０岁锡伯族、汉族成人心脏径线及胸廓径线，用Ｊｏｎｓｅｌ体积公式计算出个体心脏体积实测值，并比较了胸径法方程与心表面积法方程的精确度。结果：两民族成人心脏体积存在明显差异（锡伯族大于汉族），而心脏体积指数无显著差异。认为不同民族由于体质、遗传因素等不同，心脏体积亦不尽相同。     

哈萨克族和汉族青年心脏体积X线测量研究

目的：探讨哈萨克族与汉族青年心脏体积及心脏体积指数是否存在差异,讨论用胸部身体的厚度预测心脏深径的心脏体积回归方程的可靠性及精确度。方法：用X线平片进行心脏径线及胸廓径线的测量,计算出个体心脏体积及心脏体积指数,采用逐步回归法得出体厚法心脏体积的回归方程。结果：哈萨克族青年心脏体积及心脏体积指数均大于汉族青年;体厚法心脏体积的回归方程精确度高于胸径法和体表面积法。结论：不同民族由于体质、遗传、生活环境不同,其心脏体积不尽相同,应各有自己的心脏体积正常值,且可利用一张胸片采用体厚法来预计心脏体积。     

新疆维吾尔族成人蝶鞍面积的X线研究

目的：为正常蝶鞍的Ｘ线解剖学和临床放射学诊断提供依据。方法：对１４４例（维吾尔族５２例，汉族９２例）成人头颅侧位片进行蝶鞍形态、前后径、深径和面积的测量。结果：以蝶鞍指数分析，维吾尔族和汉族蝶鞍形态均以圆形为主（维吾尔族９４．２３％，汉族９８．９１％），卵圆形次之（维吾尔族５．７７％，汉族１．０９％）。维吾尔族蝶鞍前后径、深径和面积（１０．６０±０．４５ｍｍ，９．８２±０．２０ｍｍ，１０２．３９±３．１０ｍｍ２）与对照组汉族（１１．１９±０．１４ｍｍ，１１．０５±０．１３ｍｍ，１０８．１０±１．８０ｍｍ２）比较，均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。经相关回归分析，蝶鞍径线与面积均呈正相关关系（ｒ＝０．５８１６～０．８３８６）。结论：维吾尔族正常成人蝶鞍的有关数据具有明显的自身特征，并符合其它民族Ｘ线临床诊断通用标准     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族女性骨盆生理常数调查

作者对新疆维吾尔族及生长于新疆的汉族各100例女性骨盆进行了临床及X线测量,将X线测量值做了相互比较并和天津组对比。结果表明:女型骨盆天津组高于新疆汉族,后者高于维吾尔族。男型与扁型骨盆维吾尔族显著高于汉族及天津组;骨盆入口前后径维吾尔族与天津组相近,汉族高于天津组;横径维吾尔族与汉族相近,明显高于天津组;中骨盆各径线维吾尔族、汉族间无差异;前后径天津组明显高于本组,横径无差异;骨盆出口维吾尔族、汉族无差异,横径均比天津组大,耻骨弓角度新疆汉族大于维吾尔及天津组;骨盆高度天津组高于本组,维吾尔族与汉族无差异;骶骨节数维吾尔族、汉族相近与天津组差别显著。结果表明,骨盆发育与地理条件、生活习惯及种族有关。     

汉族、维吾尔族1702例儿童血铅检测结果分析

目的了解乌鲁木齐市汉族、维吾尔族儿童血铅浓度情况。方法对1702例汉族、维吾尔族0～12岁儿童血铅浓度进行检测。结果汉族儿童血铅均值（35.03±22.60）μg/L,其中男童血铅均值（35.56±22.6）μg/L;女童血铅均值（34.31±22.52）μg/L,维吾尔族儿童血铅均值（45.4±26.44）μg/L,其中男童血铅均值（46.82±26.69）μg/L,女童血铅均值（44.27±26.55）μg/L,铅中毒汉族18例（18/1024）,维吾尔族20例（20/678）,铅中毒发生率汉族1.26%,维吾尔族2.95%。随年龄增长,血铅浓度在增长,不同民族不同性别儿童在相同年龄段血铅均值不同（P〈0.05）;相同民族不同性别儿童相同年龄段血铅均值相同（P〉0.05）。结论维吾尔族儿童可能有铅中毒的易感性,3～6岁间是儿童血铅浓度升高的关键年龄段,早发现,早治疗,预防为主的诊治方案尤为重要。     

新疆维吾尔族、汉族儿童心胸比率X线测量

目的:明确维吾尔族 (维族 )、汉族儿童心胸比率存在的差异 ,确定新疆地区维、汉族儿童不同方法测定心胸比率的正常值 ,为儿童心脏病诊断提供客观依据。方法 :采用右心膈角法、右膈顶法、右肋膈角法、第九肋内缘法 (九肋法 ) 4种方法测量 36 3例维族和 4 0 5例汉族 3～ 7岁儿童直立后前位心胸比率 ,比较 4种方法测量心胸比率的差异和维、汉族儿童心胸比率的差异 ,确定 4种方法测量心胸比率的正常值上限。结果 :4种方法测量的维、汉族儿童心胸比率各年龄组男、女之间差异均无统计学意义 ,右心膈角法、右膈顶法测量的心胸比率大于右肋膈角法、九肋法 (P <0 .0 0 1)。男、女合并计算的心胸比率 ,右心膈角法和右膈顶法 2个民族间 5、6、7岁组与右肋膈角法、九肋法 6岁组差异均有统计学意义。 结论:维族儿童心胸比率大于汉族 ,有必要建立各民族儿童心胸比率的正常数据。     

189例维吾尔族和汉族胎儿胸腺重量的比较

目的：了解维吾尔族和汉族两民族正常胎儿胸腺发育的状况及差异。方法：测定乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族和汉族引产的１８９例３～８ 个月龄胎儿胸腺的重量。按受精日期计算月龄,胎儿尸体固定数天后,用解剖法取出胸腺进行称重。结果：两民族胎儿胸腺的重量在胚胎３～８个月时,大体上按月成倍地增加。在胎龄３ 个月时两民族胎儿胸腺的重量相同,但从第４ 个月起维吾尔族胎儿的胸腺略大于同龄汉族胎儿的胸腺,特别是７、８ 个月时差异有显著性（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：在７ 个月以后维吾尔族胎儿胸腺重量显著大于同龄的汉族胎儿胸腺重量,但３～６ 个月时胸腺重量相差不大。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.