A combined prosthodontic and orthodontic treatment approach in a case of growth inhibition induced by dental implants: a case report

Functional and esthetic results can improve significantly when a combined prosthodontic-orthodontic treatment approach is employed in cases requiring extensive oral rehabilitation. The patient presented in this case report was treated in his late teens with dental implants as a replacement for his maxillary incisors. Ten years later, the entire maxillary anterior segment was in infraocclusion compared to the rest of the dentition and lip line. Since prosthodontic follow-up treatment alone could not achieve an optimal functional and esthetic outcome, the patient was treated orthodontically prior to renewing the restoration. A fixed appliance was used to intrude the mandibular anterior teeth as well as vertically align the infrapositioned maxillary lateral incisors.     

Restoring esthetics and anterior guidance in worn anterior teeth. A conservative multidisciplinary approach

BACKGROUND: Developments in adhesive dentistry have given the dental profession new restorative materials and technology to restore esthetics and function to the worn anterior dentition. This article illustrates, through a clinical case study, the clinical requirements for restoring esthetic harmony and functional stability to the worn anterior dentition. CASE DESCRIPTION: The author presents the case of a 24-year-old man who sought esthetic dental treatment because he was unhappy with the appearance of his maxillary anterior teeth. The review of his dental history revealed that he ground his teeth at night. The author performed a complete evaluation of the causes of the patient's bruxism and created a diagnostic preview to, among other things, develop the relationship between the condylar and anterior guidance and to establish the esthetic requirements for the final restorations. Treatment included periodontal recontouring, tooth preparation and placement of temporary and then permanent restorations; the patient also was given an occlusal guard to protect the restorations against future bruxing. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Whatever the cause of occlusal instability, it is important that the restorative dentist be able to recognize its signs--such as tooth hypermobility, tooth wear, periodontal breakdown, occlusal dimpling, stress fractures, exostosis, muscle enlargement and loss of posterior disclusion. When restoring the worn dentition, the clinician should bear in mind the five P's: proper planning prevents poor performance.     

Differential diagnosis and management of flared maxillary anterior teeth

BACKGROUND: Flaring of maxillary anterior teeth can be caused by primary or secondary occlusal trauma. A differential diagnosis needs to be made with regard to the etiology of the problem to establish a proper treatment plan. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors reviewed relevant articles in the literature addressing migration of maxillary anterior teeth to ascertain the proper diagnosis and methods of therapy pertaining to migrated maxillary anterior teeth. RESULTS: The authors identify critical questions that clinicians must answer to ascertain which forces cause flaring of maxillary anterior teeth. They describe treatment methods relevant to flaring of teeth associated with primary and secondary occlusal trauma. The authors provide diagnostic and treatment flowcharts to guide clinicians in making therapeutic decisions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Failure to treat maxillary flared anterior teeth can result in an unappealing esthetic appearance. Furthermore, if these problems are not treated in a timely manner, they can become worse and result in loss of teeth. Initiation of proper therapy may include occlusal equilibration, periodontal therapy, orthodontic retraction--alone or in combination with each other--and, in certain types of cases, splinting of teeth.     

A restorative-orthodontic treatment approach in the older patient

This report presents a case requiring a combination of restorative dentistry and orthodontic treatment in a mature adult patient. Occlusal splint and periodontal therapies were used initially. Orthodontic treatment combined the use of the occlusal splint and fixed appliance in the maxillary arch. Sectional fixed appliances were used in the mandibular arch. The final restorations were fixed--movable bridges in the mandibular arch and a removable tooth and mucosally borne prosthesis in the maxilla. Retention of the orthodontic result was provided by the fixed prostheses in the lower arch and the continued wear of a full coverage maxillary occlusal splint at night served to prevent relapse of the upper teeth.     

Fabricating a Gold Occlusal Platform on a Removable Partial Denture to Help Prevent Extrusion of Mandibular Incisors

A clinical procedure is presented in which a maxillary removable partial denture (RPD) replacing anterior teeth was fabricated with a cast gold anterior occlusal platform. This treatment is indicated to correct abrasion caused by extruded mandibular anterior teeth on the maxillary RPD. The advantages compared with prosthetic teeth supported by an acrylic resin base or metal-backed facings are discussed. This technique allows for development of optimal esthetics, strength, and durability, while preventing further extrusion and excessive wear of the teeth occluding against prosthesis.     

应用多学科联合治疗解决前牙美学区复杂病例（附1例5年随访结果）

上前牙美学区的二次修复及相关治疗在日常诊疗过程中备受关注,此类病例常涉及既往修复体形态不佳、基牙医源性过度预备导致侵犯牙周正常解剖结构以及咬合关系紊乱等问题,进而产生前牙区美学缺陷,给再治疗带来挑战,往往需要多学科联合治疗。文章通过展示1例前牙美学区病例的诊疗全过程,包括病情分析、多学科参与治疗设计、具体实施步骤和修复后效果等,以期为临床多学科联合治疗上前牙复杂病例提供经验。     

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??The aesthetic retreatment of maxillary anterior teeth and the related treatment have been widely concerned in clinical practice. Such kind of treatment often inevitably involves problems like compromised esthetic prosthesis??irritation of normal periodontal structures caused by excessive tooth preparation??and occlusal problems??which then lead to esthetic deficiency of anterior region. These cases full of challenge usually need interdisciplinary approach. The purpose of this article is to provide experience in the clinical application of interdisciplinary approach to dealing with aesthetic problems of anterior teeth??by presenting and analyzing a case with 5 years follow-up.     

Nonsurgical correction of an adult skeletal class III and open-bite malocclusion

This case report presents an adult skeletal Class III and open-bite malocclusion case treated without surgical intervention using fixed edgewise technique, reverse headgear, and Class III and anterior box elastics. The patient was a 16-year-old Turkish female who had completed her growth and development. She had a four mm open bite, maxillary retrognathia, a crossbite in the anterior and left posterior, and hypoplasia of the maxillary laterals. In addition, the patient's first molars had previously been extracted because of caries, and extraction spaces were present. We applied a Roth edgewise appliance and a reverse headgear to be used at night only for the first six months. The objective in using a reverse headgear was to displace the maxillary teeth toward the mesial and to rotate the maxilla in a clockwise direction. In the mandible, we retracted the mandibular incisors and canine teeth and moved the second molars mesially toward the first molar extraction space. There would thus be no need for any prosthetic restoration in the mandible. At the end of treatment, we obtained a Class I dental relationship, an ideal occlusion relationship, and an esthetic dental and facial relationship. Treatment of the patient was completed in 20 months.     

导弓式可摘矫治器矫治乳前牙反机制的探讨

目的探讨导弓式可摘矫治器矫治乳前牙反的机制。方法 37例3.5～5.0岁乳前牙反患者,随机分为2组,一组使用导弓式可摘矫治器,18例,另一组使用垫式可摘矫治器,19例。结果导弓式可摘矫治器戴用组反纠正快于垫矫治器组,经t检验P<0.05;导弓式可摘矫治器组除上前牙唇倾,下前牙舌倾、下颌后移较垫式可摘矫治器组明显。结论导弓式可摘矫治器矫治乳前牙反的机制是推上前牙唇倾、引导下前牙舌倾,荡下颌向后,缩短了治疗时间。     

A preliminary report of a new design of cast metal fixed twin-block appliance

The present paper describes a cast metal fixed twin-block appliance utilized to correct a Class II malocclusion, which is designed for full-time wear. The object of the present paper is to achieve rapid functional correction of Class II malocclusions by transmitting favourable occlusal forces to inclined planes which are cemented to the posterior teeth. In the meantime, pre-adjusted fixed edgewise appliances can be placed on the anterior teeth to correct their malpositions. This new functional appliance design may shorten the total treatment duration and reduce the need for patient compliance.     

Equilibration of a progressive anterior open occlusal relationship: a clinical report

This clinical report described the initial phase of treatment of a progressive anterior open occlusal relationship. Trial equilibration on duplicate mounted diagnostic casts demonstrated centric contacts on all posterior teeth by reducing only the maxillary palatal cusps until the central incisors coupled. Anterior guidance and posterior teeth disclusion were confirmed with wax augmentation of maxillary canine palatal contours. Palatal surface and occlusal matrix reduction guides were used to visualize and measure the amount of planned tooth structure removal required to achieve a programmed occlusion. Intraoral composite resin augmentation of maxillary central incisor and canine palatal surfaces provided anterior guidance. Equilibration was limited to the maxillary palatal cusps and one lower molar. The initial 3 mm open dimension between the maxillary and mandibular incisors was eliminated. Accurate evaluation of the equilibrated duplicate casts resulted in a more conservative final result with less posterior tooth reduction and increased maxillary palatal contours. A comfortable and stable occlusion was established without any esthetic change prior to definitive restoration with multiple individual crowns.     

Anterior esthetic fixed appliances for the preschooler: considerations and a technique for placement

One of the pediatric dentist's greatest restorative challenges is the esthetic rehabilitation of a young toddler who has suffered multiple tooth loss subsequent to rampant early childhood caries or extensive dental trauma. An anterior esthetic appliance may be used to replace lost teeth. The most decisive factor for placing an anterior esthetic appliance is parental desire. Other considerations include: space maintenance, masticatory function, speech development, and tongue habits. However, there is no strong evidence that early loss of maxillary incisors will have any significant, long lasting effect on the growth and development of the child. This paper discusses in detail one type of fixed anterior esthetic appliance and the considerations to be made when deciding when and why to place them.     

Smile design for the adolescent patient--interdisciplinary management of anterior tooth size discrepancies

Adolescent patients often seek orthodontic treatment to correct spacing of the maxillary anterior teeth. If the spacing is caused by a tooth size discrepancy that affects one or more anterior teeth, an interdisciplinary treatment plan involving orthodontic, restorative, and periodontal treatment is recommended to achieve a harmonious esthetic result. This article describes a clinical approach for treatment of these complex cases, focusing on the importance of tooth form, gingival esthetics, and treatment sequencing.     

Two-point rapid palatal expansion: an alternate approach to traditional treatment

Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) causes separation of the lateral halves of the palate and traditionally has used four maxillary teeth as anchorage. The purpose of this study was to introduce a rapid palatal expander that requires only two anchor teeth (two-point RPEe) and to compare the expansion obtained with that from a Hyrax appliance. This study involved two groups of 25 children aged 7 to 15 years who were treated in a private orthodontist's office with either a Hyrax appliance or a two-point RPEe. Dental casts and occlusal radiographs were made before treatment and at least three months after stabilization of the appliance. Paired t-tests were performed to identify significant intragroup changes, and independent t-tests were performed to determine intergroup differences. The findings showed the two-point RPEe was as efficient as the Hyrax in obtaining dental expansion of the maxillary posterior teeth with less effect on the maxillary anterior and mandibular teeth. Therefore, the two-point RPEe may be useful in certain clinical situations.     

Orthodontic treatment combined with mandibular distraction osteogenesis and changes in stomatognathic function

We performed an orthodontic treatment combined with mandibular distraction osteogenesis in a 15-year-old patient who wanted a correction of a chin deficiency and a protruding upper lip. The patient had an Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion with mandibular retrusion, a low mandibular plane angle, and scissors bite. First, a quad-helix appliance was applied to the mandibular dentition to correct the scissors bite in the bilateral premolar region. Later, a preadjusted edgewise appliance was applied to the maxillary and mandibular teeth. After 3 days, a mandibular distraction osteogenesis was performed. During and after the distraction, the open bite between the upper and lower dental arches was corrected using up and down elastics. The total treatment time with the edgewise appliance was 14 months. A skeletal Class I apical base relationship, good facial profile, and optimum intercuspation of the teeth were achieved with the treatment. The jaw-movement pattern on the frontal view did not change during gum chewing. However, the maximum gap without pain increased. The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles, and maximum occlusal force increased. The present case report suggests that an orthodontic treatment combined with mandibular distraction osteogenesis in a patient with mandibular retrusion in the late growth period might be effective for improving stomatognathic function.     

Tooth movement and vascularity of the dental pulp: a pilot study

The effect of orthodontic tooth movement on the dental pulp was assessed histologically in twelve subjects. The participants in this study required the extraction of at least two maxillary first premolars for orthodontic treatment. They were asked to wear a maxillary removable appliance that acted to move a randomly determined premolar in a buccal direction. The appliance was designed to avoid contacting the contra-lateral tooth that was used as the matched control. The appliance was initially worn for a week to ensure patient comfort and cooperation. The appliance was then activated and the patient dismissed. After two weeks, the appliance was reactivated. Both the control and experimental teeth were extracted three weeks later, on the thirty-fifth day of activated appliance wear. The teeth were fixed, decalcified and sectioned. The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. This investigation demonstrated that orthodontic tooth movement did have an effect upon the dental pulp, causing vasodilation in the pulp of an orthodontically stressed tooth.     

A preliminary report of a new design of cast metal fixed twin-block appliance

Abstract

The present paper describes a cast metal fixed twin-block appliance utilized to correct a Class II malocclusion, which is designed for full-time wear. The object of the present paper is to achieve rapid functional correction of Class II malocclusions by transmitting favourable occlusal forces to inclined planes which are cemented to the posterior teeth. In the meantime, pre-adjusted fixed edgewise appliances can be placed on the anterior teeth to correct their malpositions. This new functional appliance design may shorten the total treatment duration and reduce the need for patient compliance.     

A study on occlusal stability in shortened dental arches

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that shortened dental arches constitute a risk to occlusal stability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using cluster samples, 725 subjects with shortened dental arches comprising intact anterior regions and zero to eight occluding pairs of posterior teeth and 125 subjects with complete dental arches were selected. Subjects with shortened dental arches were classified into eight categories according to arch length and symmetry. Parameters for occlusal stability were interdental spacing, occlusal tooth wear, occlusal contact of incisors in intercuspal position, and vertical and horizontal overlap. Additionally, tooth mobility and overeruption of unopposed teeth were assessed. Influence of independent variables (dental arch category, age, gender, and residence) on the parameters for occlusal stability was assessed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple range tests. RESULTS: Extreme shortened dental arches (zero to two pairs of occluding premolars) had significantly more interdental spacing, occlusal contact of incisors, and vertical overlap compared to complete dental arches. Occlusal wear and prevalence of mobile teeth were highest in these categories. The category with three to four occluding premolars had significantly more interdental spacing and, for the older age group, more anterior teeth in occlusal contact compared to complete dental arches. Age was consistently associated with increased changes in occlusal integrity. CONCLUSION: Signs of increased risk to occlusal stability seemed to occur in extreme shortened dental arches, whereas no such evidence was found for intermediate categories of shortened dental arches.     

Functional preprosthetic orthodontics and prosthetic reconstruction with resin-bonded fixed partial dentures

When a resin-bonded fixed partial denture is planned in the maxillary anterior region, special attention must be paid to occlusal diagnosis. Specific instrumental diagnosis is necessary to define the functionally important factors: the anterior teeth, the occlusal plane, the temporomandibular joint, and their three-dimensional relation. The optimal treatment in an anterior-guided occlusion is a complete integration of the retainers in the given tooth form without altering the original inclination of the palatal guiding surfaces of the anterior teeth. In many cases, preprosthetic orthodontics is indicated because of functional and esthetic reasons. The objective is to achieve an anterior tooth position that allows the retainers of a resin-bonded fixed partial denture to be incorporated with the designed inclination of the guiding surfaces, using noninvasive preparation techniques. Preprosthetic orthodontic treatment planning, possible problems, and limiting factors as well as the subsequent prosthetic reconstruction have been described in detail. The interdisciplinary treatment has to be planned individually for each patient, depending on the functional diagnosis and the clinical and anatomic situation.