Human amnion tissue injected with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells repairs damaged sciatic nerves in rats

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,incorporated into an amnion carrier tubes,were assessed for nerve regeneration potential in a rat nerve defect model.Damaged nerves were exposed to human amnion carriers containing either human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (cell transplantation group)or saline(control group).At 8,12,16 and 20 weeks after cell implantation,the sciatic functional index was higher in the cell transplantation group compared with the control group.Furthermore,electrophysiological examination showed that threshold stimulus and maximum stimulus intensity gradually decreased while compound action potential amplitude gradually increased.Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that regenerating nerve fibers were arranged in nerve tracts in the cell transplantation group and connective tissue between nerve tracts and amnion tissue reduced over time.Gastrocnemius muscle cell diameter,wet weight and restoration ratio were increased.These data indicate that transplanted human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,using the amnion tube connection method,promote restoration of damaged sciatic nerves in rats.     

Functional recovery and microenvironmental alterations in a rat model of spinal cord injury following human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to benefit spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. However, mechanisms of microenvironmental regulation during differentiation of transplanted MSCs remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To observe changes in nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression following transplantation of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs, and to explore the association between microenvironment and neural functional recovery following MSCs transplantation.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from April 2005 to March 2007. MATERIALS: Human cord blood samples were provided by the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Written informed consent was obtained. METHODS: A total of 62 Wister rats were randomly assigned to control (n = 18), model (n = 22, SCI + PBS), and transplantation (n = 22, SCI + MSCs) groups. The rat SCI model was established using the weight compression method. MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord blood and cultured in vitro for several passages. 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled MSCs (24 hours before injection) were intravascularly transplanted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rats were evaluated using the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor score and inclined plane tests. Transplanted cells were analyzed following immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was performed to determine NGF, BDNF, and IL-8 levels prior to and after cell transplantation.RESULTS: A large number of BrdU-positive MSCs were observed in the SCI region of the transplantation group, and MSCs were evenly distributed in injured spinal cord tissue 1 week after transplantation. BBB score and inclined plane test results revealed significant functional improvement in the transplantation group compared to the model group (P< 0.05), which was maintained for 2-3 weeks. Compared to the model group, NGF and BDNF levels were significantly increased in the injured region following MSCs transplantation at 3 weeks (P < 0.05), but IL-8 levels remained unchanged (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: MSCs transplantation increased NGF and BDNF expression in injured spinal cord tissue. MSCs could promote neurological function recovery in SCI rats by upregulating NGF expression and improving regional microenvironments.     

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord versus human umbilical cord blood for peripheral nerve regeneration

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appear to be a good alternative to Schwann cells in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Fetal stem cells, like umbilical cord blood (UCB) and umbilical cord (UC) stem cells, have several advantages over adult stem cells.OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of UC-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) and UCB-derived MSCs (UCBMSCs) in repair of sciatic nerve defects. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the laboratory of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, from July to December 2009. MATERIALS: UCMSCs were provided by the Research Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University. UCBMSCs were provided by the Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tumor Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was purchased from Gibco-BRL, USA. METHODS: Seven-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into three groups: DMEM, UCBMSCs, and UCMSCs. A 10-mm defect in the left sciatic nerve was constructed in all rats. DMEM (15 μL) containing 1 × 106 UCBMSCs or UCMSCs was injected into the gap between nerve stumps, with the surrounding epineurium as a natural conduit. For the DMEM group, simple DMEM was injected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 7 weeks after sciatic nerve dissection, dorsal root ganglia neurons were labeled by fluorogold retrograde labeling. At 8 weeks, electrophysiology and histomorphometry were performed. At 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery, sciatic nerve function was evaluated using gait analysis.RESULTS: The UCBMSCs group and the UCMSCs group exhibited similar sciatic nerve function and electrophysiological indices, which were better than the DMEM group, as measured by gait analysis (P < 0.05). Fluorogold retrograde labeling of sciatic nerve revealed that the UCBMSCs group demonstrated a higher number of labeled neurons; however, the differences were not significant. Histomorphometric indices were similar in the UCBMSCs and UCMSCs groups, and total axon counts, particularly axon density (P < 0.05), were significantly greater in the UCBMSCs and UCMSCs groups than in the DMEM group. CONCLUSION: Transplanting either UCBMSCs or UCMSCs into axotomized sciatic nerves could accelerate and promote sciatic nerve regeneration over 8 weeks. Both treatments had similar effects on nerve regeneration.     

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane for the repair of radial nerve injury

In this study, we loaded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells onto human amniotic membrane with epithelial cells to prepare nerve conduits, i.e., a relatively closed nerve regeneration chamber. After neurolysis, the injured radial nerve was enwrapped with the prepared nerve conduit, which was fixed to the epineurium by sutures, with the cell on the inner surface of the conduit. Simultaneously, a 1.0 mL aliquot of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell suspension was injected into the distal and proximal ends of the injured radial nerve with 1.0 cm intervals. A total of 1.75 x 107 cells were seeded on the amniotic membrane. In the control group, patients received only neurolysis. At 12 weeks after cell transplantation, more than 80% of patients exhibited obvious improvements in muscular strength, and touch and pain sensations. In contrast, these improvements were observed only in 55-65% of control patients. At 8 and 12 weeks, muscular electrophysiological function in the region dominated by the injured radial nerve was significantly better in the transplantation group than the control group. After cell transplantation, no immunological rejections were observed. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane can be used for the repair of radial nerve injury.     

Comparison of the efficacy in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration between the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in a perineurial conduit model

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appear to be alternatives for Schwann cell at the repair of peripheral nerve injury using cell therapy strategy. Fetal stem cell-like umbilical cord blood (UCB) and umbilical cord (UC) stem cells have several advantages over adult stem cells.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess nerve regeneration following transplantation of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical origin, UCB and UC at the sciatic nerve defect DESIGN, TIME and SETTING: The randomized, controlled animal study was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Oral and Maxillofaical Surgery, Seoul National Univiersity Dental Hospital, from July to November 2008MATERIALS: Umiblical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (obtained from Research Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University), umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (obtained from the lab of stem cell and tumor biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (LG-DMEM; Gibco-BRL, USA) were used in this studyMETHODS: Six-week-old rats were randomly grouped into a DMEM group (n=10), a UCBMSC group (n=10) and a UCMSC group (n=10). At the axotomy defecct (5mm in length), UCBMSC or UCMSC (1 x 1,000,000 cells in 15 μl media) were injected into the gap between the nerve stumps, with the surrounding epineurium as a natural conduit. For a control group, the defect was filled with DMEM. An approval for animal disposal by the ethics committee of Seoul Natonal University was done.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The sciatic function index (at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks postoperatively), retrograde labeling (at 7 weeks after axotomy), and electrophysiological and histomorphometric analysis (at 8 weeks postoperatively) was done. RESULTS: The UCBMSC group and the UCMSC group exhibited better nerve recovery than the DMEM group as measured by gait analysis (p<0.05) and electrophysiolocial assessment(p<0.05). However, there were no differences between the UCBMSC and the UCMSC groups. After retrograde labeling, the UCBMSC group demonstrated a higher number of labeled neurons, but the diffefences between the groups were not significant. Histomorphometric analysis revelaed that axon density, total axon count, and myelin thickness of the UCBMSC and UCMSC groups were higher than that of the DMEM group. Furthermore, significant differences in axon density were noted(p<0.05). On the other hand, the mean axon counts, axon densities, myelin thickness, and G-ratios of the UCBMSC and the UCMSC groups were similar. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that transplanting either UCBMSC or UCMSC into axotomized sciatic nerves accelerated and enhanced regeneration during a period of 8 weeks.     

CM-Dil体外标记人脐带间充质干细胞传代示踪的可行性

背景：掌握人脐带间充质干细胞的移植示踪方法是研究其生物学特性的关键。 目的：观察用CM-Dil标记人脐带间充质干细胞及在体外传代示踪的可行性。 方法：采用酶消化法体外分离培养人脐带间充质干细胞,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞免疫表型和细胞周期、体外成脂成骨诱导鉴定该细胞。将第5代细胞用CM-Dil标记,并将细胞传代,荧光显微镜观察体外标记情况。 结果与结论：第3代人脐带间充质干细胞强表达CD44,CD29,低表达CD106,不表达CD34、CD40;有80%以上的细胞处在G0/G1期,成脂成骨诱导后,油红O染色和碱性磷酸酶染色分别阳性。CM-Dil标记人脐带间充质干细胞细胞标记率达90%以上,体外传代后荧光强度逐渐减退,传8代后,荧光基本消失。说明人脐带间充质干细胞增殖、分化能力强,CM-Dil标记细胞示踪方法简单易行。     

Human umbilical cord blood stem cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for optic nerve injury:a biomechanical evaluation

Treatment for optic nerve injury by brain-derived neurotrophic factor or the transplantation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells has gained progress, but analysis by biomechanical indicators is rare. Rabbit models of optic nerve injury were established by a clamp. At 7 days after injury, the vitreous body received a one-time injection of 50 μg brain-derived neurotrophic factor or 1 × 106 human umbilical cord blood stem cells. After 30 days, the maximum load, maximum stress, maximum strain, elastic limit load, elastic limit stress, and elastic limit strain had clearly improved in rabbit models of optical nerve injury after treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or human umbilical cord blood stem cells. The damage to the ultrastructure of the optic nerve had also been reduced. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord blood stem cells and brain-derived neurotrophic factor effectively repair the injured optical nerve, improve biomechanical properties, and contribute to the recovery after injury.     

大鼠肌肉注射移植人脐带间充质干细胞的安全性

背景：目前国内关于间充质干细胞肌肉注射安全性方面的研究报道较少。 目的：观察人脐带间充质干细胞肌肉注射后,移植大鼠各项生理指标及注射局部肌肉组织的病理学变化。 方法：SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠51只,取3只作为空白对照,剩余48只随机均分为4组：低、中、高浓度细胞移植组分别于大鼠左下肢腓肠肌外侧肌肉注射2.5×109 L-1,5×109 L-1,1.5×1010 L-1人脐带间充质干细胞悬液,共注射2个位点,每个位点注射0.1 mL,2个位点间隔约0.5 cm;溶媒对照组同法注射50 g/L葡萄糖溶液。分别于注射后1 d及1,2,4周进行大鼠尿常规、血液学、血液生化学和病理组织学检查。 结果与结论：人脐带间充质干细胞肌肉注射后对大鼠尿常规及肝脏、肾脏均无明显影响;仅引起总胆红素一过性升高,以及血小板、乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶同工酶轻度炎症反应性升高;高浓度细胞移植可引起肌肉注射局部明显炎症反应。提示人脐带间充质干细胞免疫原性极低,在掌握了细胞移植的适宜浓度及剂量的前提下,以肌肉注射的方式进行异种移植不会引起受者严重的免疫排斥反应。     

Combined use of Y-tube conduits with human umbilical cord stem cells for repairing nerve bifurcation defects

Given the anatomic complexity at the bifurcation point of a nerve trunk, enforced suturing between stumps can lead to misdirection of nerve axons, thereby resulting in adverse consequences. We assumed that Y-tube conduits injected with human umbilical cord stem cells could be an effective method to solve such problems, but studies focused on the best type of Y-tube conduit remain controversial. There-fore, the present study evaluated the applicability and efifcacy of various types of Y-tube conduits containing human umbilical cord stem cells for treating rat femoral nerve defects on their bifurcation points. At 12 weeks after the bridging surgery that included treatment with different types of Y-tube conduits, there were no differences in quadriceps femoris muscle weight or femoral nerve ultrastructure. However, the Y-tube conduit group with longer branches and a short trunk resulted in a better outcome according to retrograde labeling and electro-physiological analysis. It can be concluded from the study that repairing a mixed nerve defect at its bifurcation point with Y-tube conduits, in particular those with long branches and a short trunk, is effective and results in good outcomes.     

人脐带间充质干细胞生物学特性及其研究进展

背景：人脐带间充质干细胞是一类具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的成体干细胞,具有来源丰富,对供者无影响,易于采集和运输,无异体排斥反应,避免伦理争议等诸多优点。 目的：综述人脐带间充质干细胞的生物学特性及其应用进展。 方法：以“人脐带间充质干细胞,生物学特征,基因分析,诱导分化, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUMSCs),biocharacteristics, gene analysis,induce differentiation”为关键词应用计算机检索CNKI数据库、万方数据库、PubMed数据库文章。 结果与结论：人脐带间充质干细胞呈典型的成纤维状,其表达的表面标志抗原具有非单一性,高表达间质细胞标志、整合素受体,不表达造血系标志、协同刺激分子CD80、CD86 和CD40、人白细胞抗原HLA-DR,HLA-G,HLA-DP,HLA-DQ、内皮标志CD31或CD33、CD14、CD56等。人脐带间充质干细胞与造血干细胞和胚胎干细胞类似,在体外可以分化为骨细胞、软骨细胞、肝细胞、心肌细胞等;在体内可以分化为多巴胺能神经元、骨骼肌细胞、内皮细胞、胰岛细胞等。但人脐带间充质干细胞的研究仍存在亟需解决的问题,如分离方法、培养条件的规范化,如何控制其生长和分化等。     

移植人脐带间充质干细胞修复大鼠脊髓损伤

背景：已知人脐带间充质干细胞对脊髓损伤存在着潜在的治疗价值,然而,当前对移植人脐带间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤及机制方面研究很少。 目的：观察人脐带间充质干细胞对脊髓损伤大鼠的治疗效果。 方法：40只Wistar大鼠建立脊髓损伤模型,38只造模成功后随机摸球法分为3组：空白对照组：只接受单纯损伤,不做任何移植;DMEM移植组：损伤后1周予以5 μL DMEM局部移植;细胞移植组：损伤后1周予以5 μL准备好的人脐带间充质干细胞局部移植(细胞数1×106)。移植后对实验动物通过BBB评分、体感诱发电位与运动诱发电位观察后肢功能恢复情况。分别于损伤后2,4,6,8,10周随机于细胞移植组抽取大鼠2只,免疫组织化学染色观察人脐带间充质干细胞存活、迁移、分化,通过胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性细胞染色比较各组损伤局部胶质瘢痕形成面积。 结果与结论：BBB评分损伤后4周细胞移植组高于其他两组(P < 0.05),损伤后12周细胞移植组与其他两组相比SEP、MEP潜伏期缩短、波幅值增高(P < 0.05)。免疫组织化学染色示人脐带间充质干细胞可向神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞分化,分化的少突胶质细胞并包绕轴突形成髓鞘。细胞移植组损伤局部胶质瘢痕面积均小于其他两组(P < 0.05),空白对照组、DMEM移植组间差异无显著性(P > 0.05)。提示未经体外诱导的人脐带间充质干细胞可于损伤大鼠脊髓体内向神经元、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞分化,减小胶质瘢痕,并促进脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能的恢复。     

脐带间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化的潜能

背景：人脐带间充质干细胞含量丰富,较为原始,分化能力强,免疫原性低,是细胞治疗的理想靶细胞。 目的：体外分离培养脐带间充质干细胞并将其定向诱导为成骨细胞。 方法：无菌条件下培养脐带间充质干细胞,分为诱导组和对照组,诱导组用成骨诱导液处理、对照组为干细胞培养液处理。倒置光显微镜观察细胞形态,MTT法测细胞增殖,荧光双染法检测细胞活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期与细胞表面标记。诱导后：检测碱性磷酸酶,Von Kossa染色分析钙盐沉积,RT-PCR检测骨桥蛋白基因、碱性磷酸酶、骨唾液蛋白mRNA的表达。 结果与结论：传代细胞形态稳定、活力好,高标达CD44。诱导后von Kossa染色表现为阳性。碱性磷酸酶活性诱导组比对照组高(P < 0.05),不同时间点比较21 d最高(P < 0.05)。RT-PCR显示：诱导组21,28d 碱性磷酸酶mRNA表达均较与对照组增强(P < 0.05)。诱导组有骨唾液蛋白和骨桥蛋白基因mRNA表达。提示,人脐带间充质干细胞能够定向分化为成骨细胞。     

Protective effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell vein transplantation against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

BACKGROUND: The majority of studies addressing spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCIRI) have focused on drugs, proteins, cytokines, and various surgical techniques. A recent study reports that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) transplantation achieves good therapeutic effects, but the mechanisms underlying nerve protection remain poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To observe survival of transplanted hUCMSCs in SCIRI rat models and the influence on motor function in the hind limbs, to determine interleukin-8 expression and cellular apoptosis in spinal cord tissues, and to verify the hypothesis that hUCMSC transplantation exhibits protective effects on SCIRI.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Orthopedics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,China between January 2007 and December 2008.MATERIALS: hUCMSCs were harvested from umbilical cord blood of healthy pregnant women after parturition in the Obstetrical Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China. Rabbit anti-human BrdU monoclonal antibody was provided by DAKO, USA. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) Kit and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit were purchased by Wuhan Boster, China. METHODS: A total of 72 healthy, Wistar, adult rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-surgery, model, and transplantation, with 24 rats in each group. SCIRI was induced in the model and transplantation groups via the abdominal aorta block method. The inf rarenal abdominal aorta was not blocked in the sham-surgery group. Prior to abdominal aorta occlusion, 0.2-0.3 mL bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled hUCMSCs suspension (cell concentration 5 × 10~3/μL) was injected through the great saphenous vein of the hind limb, and an equal volume of physiological saline was administered to the model and sham-surgery groups.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pathological observation of rat spinal cord tissues was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 6, 24, and 48 hours post-surgery. Immunohistochemistry was applied to determine hUCMSCs survival in the spinal cord. The amount of cellular apoptosis and interleukin-8 expression in spinal cord tissues was assayed utilizing the TUNEL and ELISA methods, respectively. Motor function in the hind limbs was evaluated according to Jacob's score. RESULTS: Numerous BrdU-positive cells were observed in spinal cord tissues from the transplantation group. The number of apoptotic cells and interleukin-8 levels significantly decreased in the transplantation group (P < 0.05), pathological injury was significantly ameliorated, and motor function scores significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with the model group. CONCLUSION: Via vein transplantation, hUCMSCs were shown to reach and survive in the injury area. Results suggested that the transplanted hUCMSCs contributed to significantly improved pathological changes in the injured spinal cord, as well as motor function, following SCIRI. The protective mechanism correlated with inhibition of cellular apoptosis and reduced production of inflammatory mediators.     

体外诱导人脐带间充质干细胞向肝样细胞的分化

背景：多项研究表明间充质干细胞具有向肝细胞分化的潜能,这将为肝细胞移植、生物人工肝、肝组织工程提供大量种子细胞,也有望在急性肝衰竭、终末期肝病和遗传代谢性肝脏疾病治疗方面带来较大突破。 目的：拟在体外诱导人脐带间充质干细胞向肝样细胞分化,观察其形态及功能变化。 方法：取体外培养第3代处于对数生长期的人脐带间充质干细胞,以1×109 L-1的细胞浓度种植在培养瓶中,加入含体积分数为10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基,设立3组：实验1组加入20 μg/L肝细胞生长因子+10 μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,实验2组在其基础上另加入20 μg/L制瘤素,空白对照组不加入任何生长因子。根据细胞生长情况,每周换液两三次。分别于培养7,14,18 d在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,采用免疫细胞化学检测甲胎蛋白、白蛋白及细胞角蛋白18的表达,运用PAS法检测糖原的表达。 结果与结论：人脐带间充质干细胞可在含20 μg/L肝细胞生长因子、10 μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、20 μg/L制瘤素、体积分数为10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养体系中诱导分化为具有肝细胞表型和功能的细胞,且肝细胞生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、制瘤素联合应用的诱导效果优于单纯应用前两者。     

Neural differentiation and potential use of stem cells from the human umbilical cord for central nervous system transplantation therapy

The human umbilical cord is a rich source of autologous stem and progenitor cells. Interestingly, subpopulations of these, particularly mesenchymal-like cells from both cord blood and the cord stroma, exhibited a potential to be differentiated into neuron-like cells in culture. Umbilical cord blood stem cells have demonstrated efficacy in reducing lesion sizes and enhancing behavioral recovery in animal models of ischemic and traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury. Recent findings also suggest that neurons derived from cord stroma mesenchymal cells could alleviate movement disorders in hemiparkinsonian animal models. We review here the neurogenic potential of umbilical cord stem cells and discuss possibilities of their exploitation as an alternative to human embryonic stem cells or neural stem cells for transplantation therapy of traumatic CNS injury and neurodegenerative diseases.     

体外诱导人脐带间充质干细胞向胰岛β样细胞的分化

背景：体外实验中人们发现,常规诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化的胰岛β样细胞由于种种原因限制了其进一步的应用。关于人脐带间充质干细胞是否可以成功诱导的胰岛β样细胞尚未见系统报道。 目的：进一步验证人脐带间充质干细胞向胰岛β样细胞分化的可行性。 方法：采用胶原酶消化法分离人脐带细胞进行贴壁培养;传2代后,用高浓度葡萄糖(25 mmol/L)培养液DMEM(含体积分数为10％胎牛血清)以及碱性成纤维细胞和尼克酰胺诱导脐带间充质干细胞向胰岛β样细胞分化。倒置显微镜下观察间充质干细胞诱导后的形态变化,用胰岛β细胞特异染色方法双硫腙染色鉴定诱导后细胞游离锌离子浓度;免疫细胞化学鉴定诱导后细胞内是否储存有胰岛素。 结果与结论：第2代脐带间充质干细胞经过高糖诱导后,间充质干细胞形成细胞团;并且形成了双硫腙染色阳性的细胞团;免疫细胞化学表明诱导后细胞内的细胞胰岛素染色阳性。结果表明人脐带分离出的间充质干细胞在体外可以定向诱导分化为胰岛β样细胞,这种胰岛β样细胞具有表达、储存胰岛素的功能。     

Combination of olfactory ensheathing cells and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promotes sciatic nerve regeneration

Olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs)are promising seed cells for nerve regeneration.However,their application is limited by the hypoxic environment usually present at the site of injury.Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to regulate the pathological processes that occur in response to hypoxia.The ability of OECs to migrate is unknown,especially in hypoxic conditions,and the effect of OECs combined with exosomes on peripheral nerve repair is not clear.Better understanding of these issues will enable the potential of OECs for the treatment of nerve injury to be addressed.In this study,OECs were acquired from the olfactory bulb of Sprague Dawley rats.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(0–400μg/mL)were cultured with OECs for 12–48 hours.After culture with 400μg/mL exosomes for 24 hours,the viability and proliferation of OECs were significantly increased.We observed changes to OECs subjected to hypoxia for 24 hours and treatment with exosomes.Exosomes significantly promoted the survival and migration of OECs in hypoxic conditions,and effectively increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression,protein levels and secretion.Finally,using a 12 mm left sciatic nerve defect rat model,we confirmed that OECs and exosomes can synergistically promote motor and sensory function of the injured sciatic nerve.These findings show that application of OECs and exosomes can promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery.This study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of the Air Force Medical University,China(approval No.IACUC-20181004)on October 7,2018;and collection and use of human umbilical cord specimens was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Linyi People’s Hospital,China(approval No.30054)on May 20,2019.     

两种分离脐血间充质干细胞的方法比较*

背景：目前分离脐血间充质干细胞的方法很多,尚没有确定一种为最有效的方法。目的：寻找一种最为可靠的脐血间充质干细胞分离方法。方法：应用Percoll分离液法和羟乙基淀粉沉降法对脐血进行分离得到单核细胞,在含体积分数15%新生牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基中进行培养并传代。观察不同分离方法脐血单核细胞的回收率,每次传代的时间和细胞增值速度,培养过程中间充质干细胞形态的变化情况,并用流式细胞仪检测第3代细胞表面标志物CD90、CD44、CD34的表达。结果与结论：与Percoll分离液法相比羟乙基淀粉沉降法获得的单核细胞多,单核细胞回收率高(P < 0.01),第1次传代时间短(P < 0.01)。然而两种方法获得的细胞经培养在形态的变化和表面标志物CD90、CD44、CD34的表达上差异并无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。所以羟乙基淀粉沉降法的分离效率较高,培养时间短,但是并不能获得质量较高的脐血间充质干细胞。     

脐血间充质干细胞与帕金森病

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)作为一种成体干细胞,具有未分化细胞的特性,能高效率的自我更新,并且有着向多种成熟细胞分化的潜能,在生物医学和组织工程中具有巨大的科研价值[1].骨髓是第一个被报道含有MSCs的组织来源,也是如今临床应用的主要来源,但获取过程有创,易导致感染、出血、慢性疼痛,并且其增殖、分化潜能均随年龄的增长而降低,因此对于老年患者的效果得不到保证.     

人脐带间充质干细胞复合聚左旋乳酸多孔支架材料异位成骨的实验研究

摘要 背景：聚左旋乳酸材料有良好的支撑作用,具有三维模板作用,为细胞黏附、增殖和分化提供场所。 目的：以人脐带间充质干细胞作为种子细胞、多孔聚左旋乳酸作为支架材料构建组织工程化骨异位成骨的可行性及效果。 方法：制备聚左旋乳酸多孔支架材料。用酶消化法分离培养人脐带间充质干细胞,传代培养、鉴定及诱导成骨,ALP染色检测骨向分化。将人脐带间充质干细胞与聚左旋乳酸材料复合培养,MTT及扫描电镜检测细胞增殖和细胞材料复合情况,应用矿化诱导7 d的细胞材料复合物植入兔大腿肌袋模型观察组织工程骨的异位成骨能力。4周后应用组织学观察新骨的形成情况。 结果与结论：与聚左旋乳酸多孔支架材料复合的人脐带间充质干细胞生长良好,细胞增殖未受影响,扫描电镜示细胞在支架材料上吸附、生长良好。体外对人脐带间充质干细胞骨向诱导后ALP染色阳性。矿化诱导的人脐带间充质干细胞复合聚左旋乳酸材料植入动物4周时,形成明显的块状组织,质地坚硬。组织学检查见新形成的组织有成骨细胞及其周围有血管长入。提示聚左旋乳酸多孔材料对种子细胞人脐带间充质干细胞的增殖无影响;人脐带间充质干细胞细胞与聚左旋乳酸多孔材料复合体可在异位形成骨组织。 关键词：人脐带间充质干细胞;聚乳酸;生物相容性;异位成骨;兔 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.12.008