腹腔镜直肠癌切除术对PETCO2和Paw的影响

目的观察腹腔镜直肪癌切除术中CO2气腹对呼气束二氧化碳分压（PETCO2）和气道压力（Paw）的影响。方法回质性分析137例腹腔镜直腑癌切除术的麻醉体会。结果CO2气腹后5,10min,PETCO2、Paw明显升高,气腹后15min达最高值,30min后逐渐开始下降,消气腹后接近气腹前水平。结论采用控制性定容呼吸,及时调整通气参数,增加呼吸频率,降低潮气量,适当过度通气,可减少气腹对呼吸功能的影响。     

异丙酚静脉全麻复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉期间CO2气腹对血流动力学和氧耗的影响

目的观察异丙酚静脉全麻复合硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉期间CO2气腹对机体血流动力学和氧耗及CO2排出量的影响.方法择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者24例,快速诱导气管插管后行机械通气,持续静脉输注异丙酚及吸入氧化亚氮维持麻醉,并间断硬膜外腔给药.分别在诱导前、气腹前1 min和气腹后5、10、20、30、40、50、60 min及放气后5min记录血流动力学和呼吸功能各项参数.结果在气腹前1 min,平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼气末CO2分压(PErO2)、氧耗量(VO2)、二氧化碳排出量(VCO2)较诱导前显著降低(P<0.01).气腹期间及放气后5 min,MAP及HR较稳定,波动幅度不大.PETCO2在气腹后10min时较气腹前显著增加(P<0.01),以后继续升高.VO2和VCO2在气腹开始后逐渐升高,VO2在气腹后10 min时显著高于气腹前水平(F＜0.01),VCO2在气腹后20min时较气腹前显著增加(P＜0.05),以后VO2继续升高,而VCO2升幅较小.结论在LC手术期间,应用异丙酚静脉全麻复合硬膜外麻醉及气腹前适当过度通气可以减轻CO2气腹对呼吸和循环系统的影响.     

直接气道压力测定在腹腔镜下胆囊切除术中的临床应用

目的 比较在腹腔镜下胆囊切除术中光纤压力传感器(FOPT)直接气道内测压与麻醉机所测气道压力的区别,评估气道内直接测压的敏感性和有效性,为临床提供更可靠的气道压检测方法.方法 腹腔镜下行胆囊切除术的患者60例,比较FOPT插入与否及插入深度对气道压力的影响,比较二氧化碳(CO2)气腹前后、体位改变及不同气腹时间时将FO...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中CO2气腹对呼吸及循环的影响

目的 观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术中CO2气腹对呼吸及循环的影响。方法 选择择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者50例,全部病例采用气管插管静吸复合全麻。分别测定气腹前、CO2气腹后5,15min及放气后10min的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、心电图（ECG）、心率（HR）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）、、呼气末二氧化碳浓度（PETCO2）、血氧分压（PaO2）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、气道峰压各项参数。结果 CO2气腹后5,15min的MAP,HR,PETCO2,PaCO2气道峰压各项参数较气腹前、放气后10min差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中CO2气腹对呼吸和循环有严重影响,因此术中应严密监测呼吸和循环的变化,以提高手术的安全性。     

腹腔镜二氧化碳气腹对呼吸和循环的影响

目的观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术二氧化碳气腹时对呼吸和循环功能的影响。方法腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者500例,静吸复合麻醉后,监测血压(BP)、脉搏(HR)、Ⅱ导联心电图(ECG)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)、潮气量(TV)、分钟通气量(MV)、气道峰压(PIP)、呼气末二氧化碳浓度(PETCO2)。分别在二氧化碳气腹前5min,二氧化碳气腹后5、10、20min及放气后5min时记录各项监测数据。结果二氧化碳气腹后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)显著升高(P<005),HR增快(P<005),PIP升高(P<005),SpO2无明显变化。结论腹腔镜二氧化碳气腹对呼吸和循环功能影响显著,应严格控制气腹压,特别对老年人、高血压及呼吸功能不全的患者。     

妇科腹腔镜手术对呼气末CO_2分压和气道压影响的临床观察

目的:观察妇科腹腔镜手术中在不同CO2气腹压对呼气末CO2分压(PETCO2)和气道压力(Paw)的影响。方法:测量67例妇科腹腔镜择期手术患者在不同CO2气腹压(即LP组,10 mm Hg、HP组,15 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.1333 kPa)围手术期各时间点呼吸循环系统变化。结果:CO2气腹后PETCO2和Paw与气腹前相比均有显著升高,且HP组比LP组增高的趋势更明显。结论:妇科腹腔镜手术中合理使用CO2气腹压力,监测PETCO2、Paw是腹腔镜手术麻醉中必不可少的监测指标。     

腹腔镜下胆囊切除术中不同通气模式对气道峰压和动脉二氧化碳分压影响的比较

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术中不同通气模式对气道峰压和动脉血二氧化碳分压的影响,并筛选合适的通气模式和参数。方法:选择腹腔镜下行胆囊切除术的择期手术病人100例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。随机分成5组(V、P1、P2、P3、P4组),每组各20例,各组均设置分钟通气量为100ml/kg。V组为容量控制模式(VCV),呼吸频率为16次/min;P1～P4组为压力控制模式(PCV),频率分别为12、14、16、18次/min。监测气腹前和气腹后20min的气道峰压(Ppeak)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)。结果:①气腹后20min,V、P1、P2、P3、P4五组的PaCO2值较气腹前增高,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②气腹后20min,V组和P3组的PaCO2增加值较P1、P2、P4组减少,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③气腹后20min,V、P1、P2、P3、P4五组的Ppeak值较气腹前增高,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。④气腹后20min,P3组的Ppeak值较V组低,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除手术中,分钟通气量为100ml/kg,呼吸频率设置在16次/min时,压力控制模式与相同分钟通气量和呼吸频率下的容量控制模式比较,在保证了患者正常通气的前提下,可以维持更低的气道压力。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术CO2气腹不同压力对呼吸、循环、血气参数的影响

目的 :探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)二氧化碳 (CO2 )气腹不同压力对呼吸、循环、血气参数的影响 ;方法 :对 (LC)患者 76例随机分A组 (气腹压力 1 .5kPa～ 2 .0kPa) ,B组(气腹压力 2 .0kPa～ 3 .0kPa) ,观察不同压力时呼吸、循环、血气参数的变化 ;结果 :B组气腹后 1 0minpaw、SaO2 、PETCO2 、HP、MAP、SBP、DBP、RPP的变化与A组相比较 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 )相差显著 ;结论 :气腹压力超过 2 .0kPa对呼吸、循环、血气有较严重影响 ,术中应加强通气 ,气腹压力维持在 1 .5kPa～ 2 .0kPa为宜 ,心肺功能不全及老年患者更应慎重     

妇科腹腔镜手术中气腹与非气腹对呼吸、循环功能及眼内压影响的比较

目的观察妇科腹腔镜手术中气腹与非气腹对全麻下子宫切除术患者呼吸、循环功能及眼内压(IOP)的影响。方法选取2013年1月—2015年6月石家庄市第三医院妇产科ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级子宫肌瘤拟行腹腔镜手术患者60例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为2组:气腹压力组(P组,n=30),非气腹压力组(NP组,n=30)。监测2组患者麻醉前(T_0)、全麻后5 min(T_1)、气腹或悬腹后10 min(T_2)、30 min(T_3)、气腹结束或放下腹壁后20 min(T_4)的呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、气道压力(Paw)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、眼内压(IOP),并进行比较。结果与T_0比较,P组T_2、T_3时点P_(ET)CO_2、PaCO_2、Paw、MAP、HR和IOP均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);NP组仅IOP显著升高,而余指标均无显著变化(P>0.05)。与NP组比较,P组T_0、T_1、T_4时点各监测指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),T_2、T_3时点P_(ET)CO_2、PaCO_2、Paw、MAP、HR和IOP均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 CO_2气腹腹腔镜子宫切除术对呼吸、循环功能和眼内压有一定的影响,而非气腹腹腔镜手术虽然对眼压有一定的影响,但较气腹腹腔镜手术大幅减小,且可避免CO_2气腹对呼吸、循环功能影响。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中CO_2气腹对肺顺应性的影响

对40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级病例腹腔镜胆囊切除术CO_2气腹前、气腹中、气腹后,气 道压力、肺静态顺应性(CRs)及压力-容量环测定,结果表明CO_2气腹中肺静态顺应性显著降低(P<0.01),气道压峰值、气道平台压显著升高(P<0.01)、P_(ET)CO_2升高,压力-容量环 右移。表明CO_2气腹是影响肺顺应性的复要因素,严重影响病人的呼吸功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.