63例大肠癌肝转移患者的回顾性临床分析

目的 回顾性分析影响大肠癌肝转移患者预后的因素,并探讨手术切除加化疗、肝动脉栓塞灌注化疗、姑息化疗治疗大肠癌肝转移的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年至2007年间63例大肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料,采用多因素分析方法(Cox模型)分析大肠癌肝转移患者的临床特征、治疗方法及与预后的关系,并比较不同治疗方法的疗效.结果 63例大肠癌肝转移患者中位无疾病进展时间为6个月(0～50个月),中位生存期8个月(1～33个月).单因素生存分析显示术后至发生肝转移时间少于24 个月、术前CEA水平>15ng/ml、淋巴转移数、单纯肝动脉栓塞灌注化疗和姑息化疗的患者预后不良,P<0.05;多因素生存分析发现,治疗方法和术前CEA水平是影响预后的危险因素.结论 采用手术切除加化疗治疗大肠癌肝转移患者疗效较好.     

大肠癌术后异时性肝转移的非手术方案比较

目的 探讨以伊立替康为基础的术后化疗、介入治疗、放射治疗对大肠癌术后肝转移的疗效,比较三种治疗方案的疗效差异.方法 对术后并辅助化疗后异时性肝转移的90例无法手术切除的患者,随机分为三组,分别采用以伊立替康为基础的全身化疗加肝动脉灌注介入(A组);全身化疗加伽马刀局部治疗(B组)和单纯全身化疗(C组).结果 A、B、C各组的6个月生存率分别为100％、80％、80％,12个月生存率分别为70％、50％、30％,24个月生存率分别为33.3％、16.7％、0.中位生存期分别为20、18、14月.结论 大肠癌肝转移的治疗效果不容乐观,对无法手术的患者,以伊立替康为基础的全身化疗加肝动脉介入或者加伽马刀治疗是一个可以考虑的选择,单纯全身化疗不宜作为首选.     

胃癌同时性肝转移患者不同治疗方法的疗效比较

目的评价不同治疗方案对胃癌同时性肝转移的疗效。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院1998年1月至2012年11月收治的271例胃癌同时性肝转移患者的临床病理资料,其中单纯接受手术治疗者34例（手术组）,单纯接受化疗者103例（化疗组）,接受综合治疗者134例（综合治疗组）。通过随访比较3组接受不同治疗方案患者的预后情况。结果手术组中位生存期为8（3—41）个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为32．4％、2．9％和0;化疗组中位生存期为7（3-50）个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为21．1％、1．1％和0;综合治疗组中位生存期为11（3—84）个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为50．0％、5．0％和O．8％;3组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;手术组与化疗组比较、手术组与综合治疗组比较以及化疗组与综合治疗组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。淋巴结转移程度、治疗方式和肝转移灶是否局部处理是影响胃癌同时性肝转移患者生存期的独立预后因素。结论以手术为基础的多学科综合治疗可以改善胃癌同时性肝转移患者的预后。     

大肠癌同时伴肝转移67例临床治疗分析

目的探讨大肠癌同时伴肝转移的外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2007年12月67例大肠癌伴肝转移经外科手术治疗的临床资料。结果13例全肝多个转移灶病人行原发病灶切除加门静脉化疗泵植入术,余54例行原发灶和肝转移灶同期切除。本组术后1、2、3年生存率分别为91．0％（61／67）、71．6％（48／67）和40．3％（27／67）。生存时间最短为8个月,最长为57个月,中位生存期为30．2个月。结论大肠癌肝转移病人行原发灶和肝转移灶同期切除辅以局部及全身化疗,亦可取得满意效果。     

大肠癌伴肝转移患者预后因素初步探讨

目的初步探讨影响大肠癌伴肝转移患者的预后因素。方法选取58例鞍山市中心医院2001年4月至2006年5月外科手术治疗的大肠癌伴肝转移患者,部分患者术后全身化疗或肝动脉插管化疗,对其临床资料进行统计分析。结果本组大肠癌肝转移患者占同期大肠癌患者11．2％。原发灶切除、辅助治疗方式、肝转移灶切除、术前CEA水平为影响生存的独立预后因素。年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、分化程度、肝转移灶数目与预后无关。术前CEA〉36ng／ml、原发灶未切除、转移灶未切除患者的生存时间[（5．88&#177;3．68）个月]显著低于其他患者[（19．04&#177;7．40）个月]。结论治疗方式对大肠癌肝转移患者预后影响显著,应积极切除原发灶、治疗转移灶。肝动脉插管化疗优于全身化疗。术前CEA水平是重要的预后指标。     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗

目的 探讨结、直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗。方法 对1993年1月至1999年1月的19例结、直肠癌肝转移患行外科治疗。其中6例同期切除。10例分期切除．1例肝动脉结扎加无水乙醇注射．2例通过肝动脉结扎加化学药物治疗(化疗)泵灌注化疗而获得二期手术切除机会、手术方式行肝不规则楔形切除16例,左半肝切除2例。结果 术后1、3、5年生存率分别为89％、58％、21％．6例同期肝切陈平均生存期23个月,10例分期肝切除的平均生存期为32个月。结论 掌握手术时机和适应证,积极进行肝动脉灌注化疗,提高手术切除成功率是提高存活率的关键．     

肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞与全身静脉化疗治疗结肠癌肝转移疗效比较

目的比较经肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞与全身静脉化疗治疗结肠癌肝转移的疗效,旨在为临床制定合理治疗方案提供依据。方法回顾性分析60例临床分期相同的结肠癌肝转移患者资料,按化疗方法将其分为肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞组及全身静脉化疗组,每组30例。两组均采用FOLFOX方案化疗,治疗前后行CT检查、血常规、肝肾功能。分析比较两组的临床有效率,临床受益率,1、2、3年生存率以及中位生存期。结果肝动脉化疗栓塞组的临床有效率和临床受益率(66.66%、83.33%)显著高于全身静脉化疗组(43.33%、60.00%)(P0.05),不良反应发生率(40.00%)显著低于全身静脉化疗组(60.00%)(P0.05),且1、2、3年生存率和中位生存期均高于全身静脉化疗组(87.5%VS 67.7%,66.7%VS 41.5%,55.4%VS 20.1%,27.7 VS 19.1个月,P均0.05)。结论肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞治疗结肠癌肝转移临床有效率和临床受益率高,不良反应率低,生存率高,中位生存期长,较全身静脉化疗显示出更明显的优势。     

胃癌合并多发性肝转移 11例外科治疗

目的探讨胃癌并多发性肝转移外科治疗的疗效.方法回顾性分析胃癌并多发性肝转移 11例的临床资料.结果全部病例均行相对根治性远端胃大部切除并肝动脉化疗栓塞术.无手术死亡.术后中位生存时间 12.5个月. 8例死于肝转移, 3例死于腹膜转移.结论对加以选择的胃癌并多发性肝转移患者实施相对根治性胃切除并肝动脉化疗栓塞术可延长生存期.     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗

目的　探讨结、直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗。方法　对１９９３ 年１ 月至１９９９ 年１ 月的１９ 例结、直肠癌肝转移患者行外科治疗。其中６ 例同期切除,１０ 例分期切除,１ 例肝动脉结扎加无水乙醇注射,２ 例通过肝动脉结扎加化学药物治疗（化疗） 泵灌注化疗而获得二期手术切除机会。手术方式行肝不规则楔形切除１６ 例,左半肝切除２ 例。结果　术后１、３、５ 年生存率分别为８９％ 、５８％ 、２１％ 。６ 例同期肝切除者平均生存期２３ 个月,１０ 例分期肝切除者的平均生存期为３２ 个月。结论　掌握手术时机和适应证,积极进行肝动脉灌注化疗,提高手术切除成功率是提高存活率的关键。     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移治疗46例分析

目的:探讨结直肠癌同时性肝转移的有效治疗方法。方法:对1996～2004年收治的46例结直肠癌同时性肝转移的临床资料和随访资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同分为3组:A组21例,为一期切除原发灶和肝转移灶并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗者;B组15例,为单纯原发灶切除并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗者;C组10例,为原发灶和肝转移灶均未能切除而仅行肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗者。用KaplanMeier法对病人的生存时间作统计分析。结果:A、B、C3组术后中位生存期分别为38、20和13个月;各组之间术后生存时间的比较均有显著统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:结直肠癌原发灶和肝转移灶一期手术切除并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗的疗效最好;肝转移灶无法切除者能将原发灶切除并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗也可取得较好的疗效;原发灶和肝转移灶未能切除而仅经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗的疗效相对较差。对结直肠癌同时性肝转移应采取以手术切除为主的综合措施进行积极治疗。     

6669例结直肠癌同时陛和异时性肝转移患者不同治疗策略的预后分析

目的 评价结直肠癌肝转移不同类型及治疗策略对肝转移患者生存的影响.方法 回顾分析复旦大学附属中山医院2000年1月1日至2008年6月31日收治的669例结直肠癌肝转移患者的病例资料.结果 本组患者同时性肝转移379例,异时性[发生肝转移中位时间(21.0±19.6)个月]肝转移290例.患者性别、年龄和肠道原发病灶的部位两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而肝转移灶特征(累及肝叶类型、病灶个数和病灶直径)和术前CEA、CA19-9水平两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).手术切除肝转移灶253例,其中同时性肝转移123例,异时性肝转移130例.以2008年10月31日为随访终点,随访率100%.同时性肝转移和异时性肝转移的中位生存时间分别为11和23个月(P<0.01).5年生存率分别为6.4%和11.4%(P<0.01):手术病例与各种非手术治疗(介入、化疗、射频、无水酒精注射和中医中药)病例的中位生存期分别为37个月和5～26个月(P<0.01);5年生存率分别为35.6%和0～3.6%(P<0.05).结论 手术治疗目前仍是结直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗措施;异时性肝转移患者生存率好于同时性肝转移.     

669例结直肠癌同时陛和异时性肝转移患者不同治疗策略的预后分析

目的评价结直肠癌肝转移不同类型及治疗策略对肝转移患者生存的影响。方法回顾分析复旦大学附属中山医院2000年1月1日至2008年6月31日收治的669例结直肠癌肝转移患者的病例资料。结果本组患者同时性肝转移379例,异时性[发生肝转移中位时间（21．0±19．6）个月]肝转移290例。患者性别、年龄和肠道原发病灶的部位两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）：而肝转移灶特征（累及肝叶类型、病灶个数和病灶直径）和术前CEA、CA19—9水平两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。手术切除肝转移灶253例．其中同时性肝转移123例,异时性肝转移130例。以2008年10月31日为随访终点,随访率100％。同时性肝转移和异时性肝转移的中位生存时间分别为11和23个月（P〈0．01）。5年生存率分别为6．4％和11．4％（P〈0．01）;手术病例与各种非手术治疗（介入、化疗、射频、无水酒精注射和中医中药）病例的中位生存期分别为37个月和5～26个月（P〈0．01）;5年生存率分别为35．6％和0～3．6％（P〈0．05）。结论手术治疗目前仍是结直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗措施：异时性肝转移患者生存率好于同时性肝转移。     

Comparison Between Local Ablative Therapy and Chemotherapy for Non-Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Prospective Study

Background There is a growing interest for the use of local ablative techniques in patients with non-resectable colorectal liver metastases. Evidence on the efficacy over systemic chemotherapy is, however, extremely weak. In this prospective study we aim to assess the additional benefits of local tumour ablation. Methods A consecutive series of 201 colorectal cancer patients, without extrahepatic disease, that underwent laparotomy for surgical treatment of liver metastases, were prospectively followed for survival and HRQoL. At laparotomy three groups were identified: patients in whom radical resection of metastases proved feasible, patients in whom resection was not feasible and received local ablative therapy, and patients in whom resection or local ablation was not feasible for technical reasons and who received systemic chemotherapy. Findings Patients in the chemotherapy and in local ablation group were comparable for all prognostic variables tested. For the local ablation group overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 56 and 27%, respectively (median 31 months, n = 45), for the chemotherapy group 51 and 15%, respectively (median 26 months, n = 39) (P = 0.252). After resection these figures were 83 and 51%, respectively (median 61 months, n = 117) (P < 0.001). The median DFS after local ablation was 9 months, HRQoL was restored within 3 months. Patients after local ablation gained far more QALY’s (317) than in the chemotherapy group (165) (P < 0.001). Interpretation Although overall survival did not reached statistical significance, the median DFS of 9 months suggests a beneficial effect of local tumour ablation for non-resectable colorectal liver metastases. Moreover, compared with systemic chemotherapy more QALY’s were gained after local ablative therapy. Paul F.M. Krabbe and Cornelis J.A. Punt equally contributed to this study.     

Pulmonary metastasis from colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis

Objective Although some beneficial effects of surgical treatments for pulmonary or hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma have been reported, identifying candidates for these aggressive surgical procedures is controversial. In this study, patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma, particularly those with pulmonary and hepatic metastases, were retrospectively analyzed. Methods Forty-six patients who had undergone complete resection for pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Results The median follow-up period after pulmonary resection was 26 months, and the 5-year postoperative survival rate was 34%. The 5- and 10-year survival rates of patients with pulmonary metastasis alone, metachronous pulmonary metastasis after liver metastasis, and synchronous metastasis to the liver and lung were 75%, 75%, and 25% and 25%, 38%, and 0%, respectively, when calculated from the time of primary colorectal resection (P < 0.01). Patients with synchronous metastases had a poorer prognosis than did the patients in the other two groups. Conclusions Surgical treatments for patients with pulmonary metastasis alone or metachronous metastasis can provide a beneficial outcome. Patients with synchronous metastasis have a poor prognosis, and effective pre- and postoperative systemic treatments should be considered to prolong their survival.     

Hepatic metastases from leiomyosarcoma: A single-center experience with 34 liver resections during a 15-year period

OBJECTIVE: To describe a large single-center experience with hepatic resection for metastatic leiomyosarcoma. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Liver resection is the treatment of choice for hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. In contrast, the role of liver resection for hepatic metastases from leiomyosarcoma has not been defined. METHODS: The records of 26 patients who between 1982 and 1996 underwent a total of 34 liver resections for hepatic metastases from leiomyosarcoma were reviewed. There were 23 first, 9 second, and 2 third liver resections. The records were analyzed with regard to survival and predictive factors. RESULTS: In the 23 first liver resections, there were 15 R0, 3 R1, and 5 R2 resections. Median survival was 32 months after R0 resection and 20.5 months after R1/2 resection. The 5-year survival rate was 13% for all patients and 20% after R0 resection. In 10 patients with extrahepatic tumor at the time of the first liver resection, 6 R0 and 4 R2 resections were achieved. After R0 resection, the median survival was 40 months (range 5-84 months), with a 5-year survival rate of 33%. After repeat liver resection, the median survival was 31 months (range 5-51 months); after R0 resection, median survival was 31 months and after R1/2 resection it was 28 months. There was no 5-year survivor in the overall group after repeat liver resection. CONCLUSIONS: Despite frequent tumor recurrence, the long-term outcome after liver resection for hepatic metastases from leiomyosarcoma is superior to that after chemotherapy and chemoembolization. Although survival after tumor debulking also seems to be more favorable than after nonoperative therapy, these data indicate that only an R0 resection offers the chance of long-term survival. The presence of extrahepatic tumor should not be considered a contraindication to liver resection if complete removal of all tumorous masses appears possible. In selected cases of intrahepatic tumor recurrence, even repeated liver resection might be worthwhile. In view of the poor results of chemoembolization and chemotherapy in hepatic metastases from leiomyosarcoma, liver resection should be attempted whenever possible.     

Tumor progression while on chemotherapy: a contraindication to liver resection for multiple colorectal metastases?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the response to preoperative chemotherapy, especially tumor progression, on the outcome following resection of multiple colorectal liver metastases (CRM). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Hepatic resection is the only treatment that currently offers a chance of long-term survival, although it is associated with a poor outcome in patients with multinodular CRM. Because of its better efficacy, chemotherapy is increasingly proposed as neoadjuvant treatment in such patients to allow or to facilitate the radicality of resection. However, little is known of the efficacy of such a strategy and the influence of the response to chemotherapy on the outcome of hepatic resection. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the course of 131 consecutive patients who underwent liver resection for multiple (> or =4) CRM after systemic chemotherapy between 1993 and 2000, representing 30% of all liver resections performed for CRM in our institution during that period.Chemotherapy included mainly 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and either oxaliplatin or irinotecan for a mean of 9.8 courses (median, 9 courses). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the type of response obtained to preoperative chemotherapy. All liver resections were performed with curative intent. We analyzed patient outcome in relation to response to preoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: There were 58 patients (44%) who underwent hepatectomy after an objective tumor response (group 1), 39 (30%) after tumor stabilization (group 2), and 34 (26%) after tumor progression (group 3). At the time of diagnosis, mean tumor size and number of metastases were similar in the 3 groups. No differences were observed regarding patient demographics, characteristics of the primary tumor, type of liver resection, and postoperative course. First line treatments were different between groups with a higher proportion of oxaliplatin- and/or irinotecan-based treatments in group 1 (P < 0.01). A higher number of lines of chemotherapy were used in group 2 (P = 0.002). Overall survival was 86%, 41%, and 28% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Five-year survival was much lower in group 3 compared with groups 1 and 2 (8% vs. 37% and 30%, respectively at 5 years, P < 0.0001). Disease-free survival was 3% compared with 21% and 20%, respectively (P = 0.02). In a multivariate analysis, tumor progression on chemotherapy (P < 0.0001), elevated preoperative serum CA 19-9 (P < 0.0001), number of resected metastases (P < 0.001), and the number of lines of chemotherapy (P < 0.04), but not the type of first line treatment, were independently associated with decreased survival. CONCLUSIONS: Liver resection is able to offer long-term survival to patients with multiple colorectal metastases provided that the metastatic disease is controlled by chemotherapy prior to surgery. Tumor progression before surgery is associated with a poor outcome, even after potentially curative hepatectomy. Tumor control before surgery is crucial to offer a chance of prolonged remission in patients with multiple metastases.     

Repeat hepatic resections for metastatic colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The authors weighed the risks and benefits of repeat liver resections for colorectal metastatic disease. METHOD: In the 6-year period between January 1985 and June 1991, 499 patients underwent liver resections for colorectal metastases at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Of these, 25 patients had repeat surgical resections for isolated recurrent disease to the liver. The clinical data for these patients were reviewed. RESULTS: The median interval between the two resections was 11 months. There were no perioperative deaths, and the complication rate was 28%. Median follow-up after the second liver resection is 19 months, with median survival of 17 months for nonsurvivors. Although the median survival after the second resection is 30 months, 20 of the 25 patients have had recurrences with a median disease-free interval of only 9 months. No characteristic of primary or metastatic disease predicted outcome, including time between presentation of the primary and development of liver metastases, disease-free interval after the first liver resection, and bilobar liver involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Although repeat liver resections can be performed safely and improves survival, the likelihood of cure from such resection therapy is low. This likelihood of further recurrences encourage studies of adjuvant or alternative treatments of this population.     

Neo-adjuvant therapy improves resectability rates for colorectal liver metastases

PURPOSE: Liver resection improves survival in selected patients with colorectal liver metastases. However, the majority of patients with colorectal liver metastases have inoperable disease at presentation. Neo-adjuvant therapy (systemic or regional chemotherapy and interstitial laser therapy) used singly or in combination may convert a selected group of patients with irresectable liver metastases into an operable state. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report a series of patients with initially inoperable multiple colorectal liver metastases who became operable after neo-adjuvant therapy. Operability was defined as unilateral disease limited to the liver. Twelve patients (7 female, 5 male, median age 57 years, range 38-69 years) with multiple inoperable colorectal liver metastases (8 synchronous, 4 metachronous) were initially treated with systemic chemotherapy (n = 7), hepatic arterial chemotherapy (n = 2) and chemotherapy plus interstitial laser therapy (n = 3). RESULTS: In all cases, a significant response was achieved which enabled subsequent liver resection to be undertaken. There was only one postoperative complication (8%) and no peri-operative deaths. 3 patients were operated on within the last 12 months and are still alive. Of the remainder, 1 died within 1 year with recurrent disease. The remaining patients have a median survival of 2.5 years, range 1.39-4 years. CONCLUSIONS: These results are similar to those reported for patients undergoing resection for operable metastases without neo-adjuvant therapy. Aggressive multimodality treatment of colorectal liver metastases in specialised centres may improve the resectability rates and survival in a selected group of patients.     

Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil/Folinic Acid, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan Enables Surgical Resection of Metastases in Patients With Initially Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Background The prognosis of unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer might be improved if a radical surgical resection of metastases could be performed after a response to chemotherapy. Methods We treated 74 patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (not selected for a neoadjuvant approach) with irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOXIRI and simplified FOLFOXIRI). Because of the high activity of these regimens (response rate, 72%), a secondary curative operation could be performed in 19 patients (26%). Results Four patients underwent an extended hepatectomy, nine patients underwent a right hepatectomy, three patients underwent a left hepatectomy, and three patients had a segmental resection. In five patients, surgical removal of extrahepatic disease was also performed. In seven patients, surgical resection was combined with intraoperative radiofrequency ablation. The median overall survival of the 19 patients who underwent operation is 36.8 months, and the 4-year survival rate is 37%. The median overall survival of the 34 patients who were responsive to chemotherapy, but who did not undergo operation, is 22.2 months (P = .0114). Conclusions The FOLFOXIRI regimens we studied have significant antitumor activity and allow a radical surgical resection of metastases in patients with initially unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer not selected for a neoadjuvant approach and also those with extrahepatic disease. The median survival of patients with resected disease is promising.     

手术切除结直肠癌肝多个转移瘤的效果分析

目的对于结直肠癌患者肝内存在多个转移瘤,手术切除的价值存在争议,本文旨在研究手术切除大肠癌肝多个ΚΣ瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2006年12月收治的经手术切除的结直肠癌肝转移瘤患者60例,比较肝内单个转移瘤(35例)与多个转移瘤(25例)患者临床和预后资料。结果两组均无手术死亡。多个转移瘤组和单个转移瘤组相比,手术并发症为12.0%vs11.4%(P=1.000);平均住院时间为(14.9±5.1)dvs(15.7±5.8)d(P=0.844);中位生存期为28个月vs35个月(P=0.089);中位无瘤生存期为16个月vs19个月(P=0.112);肝内复发率为72.0%vs51.5%(P=0.109)。多个转移瘤组3、5年总生存率分别是48.4%、30.8%,单个转移瘤组分别为68.6%、57.7%(P=0.165)。结论手术切除结直肠癌肝脏多个转移瘤可取得与单个转移瘤相似的效果。手术切除不应视为肝多个转移瘤的禁忌证。术后辅以全身化疗常可以改善预后。