放射性支架对血管局部表达PDGF的影响

目的 :评价化学镀法制备的 32 P放射性支架对再狭窄的预防作用 ,并探讨其作用机制。方法 :以化学镀法制备 32 P放射支架 ,与非放射支架配对后 ,随机植入兔双侧髂动脉 ,术后 3 0 d病理组织学观察内膜面积及腔内径的变化 ;半定量 RT PCR检测支架植入后局部动脉壁 PDGF表达的变化。结果 :12只支架全部成功植入 ,术后 3 0 d造影未见动脉瘤及局部血栓形成 ;病理组织学观察发现 :两种支架植入均使血管内膜增生 ;放射支架侧血管管腔面积显著大于对照侧 （3 .41± 0 .19m m2 vs2 .97± 0 .40 m m2 ,P<0 .0 5 ） ,而其新生内膜面积显著小于对照侧 （0 .49± 0 .2 1mm2 vs 0 .5 8± 0 .17mm2 ,P<0 .0 1） ;放射性支架植入使局部动脉壁表达 PDGF显著减少 （P<0 .0 1）。结论 :化学镀法制备的放射性 32 P支架安全有效 ,较低的放射活度即可有效防止支架内狭窄 ;放射性支架减少动脉壁局部 PDGF的表达 ,继而减弱了对平滑肌细胞迁移增生的刺激作用 ,使再狭窄减轻     

血管内32P放射治疗减少血管损伤后内膜增生的实验研究

目的　研究血管内放射源照射对损伤血管增生反应的影响。方法　 30只常规喂养新西兰大白兔 ,用大于血管直径的球囊过度扩张兔双髂动脉 (球囊 /血管 =1 5 4∶1) ,造成血管壁损伤 ,同时在扩张的球囊中灌注放射性3 2 P进行一侧损伤血管内照射 ,一侧血管单纯扩张作自身对照。按不同照射剂量分成三组 :10Gy、2 0Gy和 40Gy ,每组 10只。在扩张前后进行血管造影 ,4周后再次血管造影同时处死动物取双髂动脉作平滑肌细胞、弹力纤维和胶原纤维染色 ,观察血管受损后放射对血管腔径及其管壁增生的影响。结果　 4周后血管造影显示 ,三组兔髂动脉扩张损伤后均发生一定程度的狭窄反应 (P <0 0 0 1)。血管内照射一侧与对照侧比较 ,血管狭窄程度无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。病理组织分析 ,10Gy组照射一侧血管内膜增生与对照侧比较无差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而 2 0Gy和 40Gy二组照射一侧血管内膜增生较对照侧血管减少 (P <0 0 0 1,P <0 0 4) ,但二组间比较内膜增生减少无差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　过度扩张兔髂动脉可产生再狭窄样反应 ,血管内放射在 2 0Gy到 40Gy照射剂量时能减少血管损伤后内膜增生 ,但血管损伤后狭窄程度未受影响。     

重组水蛭素对兔髂总动脉球囊损伤后内膜增殖影响的实验研究

目的 :探讨重组水蛭素对兔髂总动脉球囊损伤后内膜增殖的影响。方法 :2 4只纯种日本大耳白兔随机分成肝素对照组 （n=12 ）和重组水蛭素组 （n=12 ） ,采用兔髂总动脉球囊扩张损伤后内膜增殖动物模型 ,术后 2周和 4周复查血管造影 ,术后 4周处死动物取髂总动脉标本。结果 :用药组术后 2周和 4周平均髂总动脉直径均较对照组明显增加 （P<0 .0 1） ,4周后新生内膜面积显著减少 （P<0 .0 1） ,管腔面积明显扩大 （P<0 .0 1）。结论 :重组水蛭素可显著减轻兔髂总动脉球囊扩张损伤后新生内膜增殖和管腔的狭窄     

NiTi放射性支架置入兔腹主动脉后对平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的　观察NiTi放射性支架对平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法　在 76只家兔腹主动脉中分别置入放射与非放射性支架。用免疫组化法和TUNEL法观察放射性支架对平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结果　 (1) 2周时放射与非放射性组新生内膜面积无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,1个月和 3个月时放射支架组新生内膜面积小于非放射性组 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )PCNA法测定平滑肌细胞增殖显示放射性组在各时间点PCNA表达低于非放射性组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;(3)TUNEL法测定放射性组平滑肌细胞凋亡与对照组相比在 2周和 1个月时有显著差异 (P<0 0 5 ) ,在 3个月时两组平滑肌细胞凋亡无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　 (1)放射性支架可减少支架置入术后支架内新生内膜面积。 (2 )放射性支架可抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖。 (3)放射性支架促进血管平滑肌细胞凋亡     

超声微泡介导川芎嗪干预兔髂动脉损伤后血管再狭窄的可行性

目的:探讨超声微泡介导川芎嗪对兔髂动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生和血管狭窄的影响。方法:25只雄性新西兰大白兔,体重(2.2±0.1)kg,随机分为5组,每组5只。A组:空白组;B组:模型组;C组:超声微泡介导川芎嗪术后即刻给药组;D组:超声微泡介导川芎嗪术后1周给药组;E组:超声微泡介导川芎嗪术后3周给药组。各治疗组连续干预7d。术后4周取损伤处髂动脉HE染色测量内中膜面积比和狭窄率。结果:与A组相比,B组内中膜面积比和狭窄率增大(P0.01)。与B组相比,C组和D组内中膜面积比和狭窄率均显著减少(均P0.05),C组下降最明显;E组内中膜面积比减少(P0.05),管腔面积和狭窄率变化不大。结论:超声微泡介导川芎嗪可显著抑制兔髂动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生和血管狭窄,早期干预效果显著。     

已酮可可碱对球囊损伤后血管胶原增生及狭窄的影响

目的 :探讨己酮可可碱 （PTX）对实验性兔髂动脉球囊成形术后狭窄的干预作用。方法 :新西兰大耳白兔 4 0只 ,建立髂动脉球囊损伤后狭窄模型 ,随机分成用药组与空白对照组 ,每组 2 0只 ,于血管成形术后 4周处死各组动物 ,取目标血管段用计算机图像分析检测血管管腔面积、新生内膜面积、胶原特殊染色平均灰度值。结果 :用药组与空白对照组的内膜胶原染色平均灰度分别为 18.6± 4 .6和 2 9.3± 5 .7（P <0 .0 1） ;两组血管管腔面积差异显著 ,（1.10± 0 .2 3vs 0 .84± 0 .19,P <0 .0 5 ） ;用药组较空白对照组的新生内膜面积减少 （0 .6 4± 0 .0 7vs0 .89± 0 .2 6 ,P<0 .0 1）。结论 :PTX能显著抑制内膜胶原的沉积 ,增大管腔面积 ,从而减轻血管损伤修复时再狭窄的程度。     

重组水蛭素局部治疗球囊扩张术后内膜增殖和管腔狭窄的实验研究

目的 :探讨重组水蛭素经多孔球囊导管局部治疗兔髂总动脉球囊扩张术后内膜增殖和管腔狭窄的作用。方法 :2 4只纯种日本大耳白兔随机分成对照组 （n=12 ）和重组水蛭素局部治疗组 （n=12 ） ,采用兔髂总动脉球囊扩张术后内膜增殖和管腔狭窄动物模型 ,治疗组经多孔球囊导管于球囊扩张局部在 2个大气压下给予重组水蛭素 re-fludin（14 .5× 10 6 ATU· g- 1 ） 1m g· kg- 1 ,对照组给予生理盐水。术后 2周和 4周复查血管造影 ,术后 4周取髂总动脉标本行 HE染色、Masson三色染色、平滑肌肌动蛋白 （α- actin）免疫组织化学染色和增殖细胞核抗原 （PCNA ）免疫组织化学染色 ,并进行计算机图象分析。结果 :治疗组术后 2周和 4周血管造影平均髂总动脉直径分别较对照组扩大 5 9.9% （P<0 .0 1）和 6 1.6 % （P<0 .0 1） ,平均髂总动脉面积分别较对照组扩大 135 .6 % （P<0 .0 1）和 191.1% （P<0 .0 1）。图象分析示球囊扩张术后 4周治疗组髂总动脉血管腔面积较对照组扩大 113.0 4 % （P<0 .0 1） ,管壁面积和内膜面积分别减少 2 9.2 0 % （P<0 .0 1）和 82 .0 0 % （P<0 .0 1）。术后 4周治疗组球囊扩张血管壁α- actin和 PCNA免疫组化染色阳性细胞均较对照组明显减少。结论 :重组水蛭素经多孔球囊导管局部治疗 ,可显著减轻兔髂总动脉     

放射治疗对兔髂动脉粥样硬化狭窄成形术后再狭窄的影响

目的：探讨^32P液体球囊血管近距离照射预防血管成形术后再狭窄的量效关系及其抑制再狭窄发生的可能机制。方法：24只大耳白兔，采用髂动脉内膜损伤加高脂饲养6周，建立兔双侧髂动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型，随机选择一侧髂动脉血管成形术并分别给与9．1Gy、21.8Gy和33．4Gy^32P液体球囊血管照射治疗，另一侧髂动脉灌注造影剂，作为自身对照。术后5周行血管造影并取材进行光镜观察、电镜观察、核因子-κB（NF—κB）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）免疫组织化学染色，用计算机图像分析测量新生内膜面积、中膜面积、管腔面积及免疫组化染色阳性面积百分比。结果：对照组血管段内膜明显增生，管腔明显狭窄；9．1Gy组未观察到明显的生物效应；21．8Gy组血管壁平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移明显受抑，管腔面积无明显丢失；33．4Gy组管腔重度狭窄，内膜严重增厚，中膜平滑肌明显萎缩变薄，4例血管腔内血栓形成。结论：^32P液体球囊在一定的吸收剂量范围内确可安全有效地防止血管成形术后再狭窄形成，其机制可能为是抑制新生内膜形成和管腔面积丢失；抑制NF-κB及其靶基因的活化，从而抑制血管平滑肌细胞的增殖、迁移，促进平滑肌细胞凋亡以及抑制血管负性重塑。     

L-精氨酸对糖尿病兔动脉损伤后内膜增生和内皮功能的影响

目的 :探讨糖尿病动脉损伤后内膜增生的机制和L 精氨酸对内膜增生及内皮功能的影响。方法 :2 8只糖尿病兔和 14只正常兔髂动脉行球囊损伤术后分为对照 (Con)组、糖尿病 (DM)组、L 精氨酸(L arg)组 ( 2 2 5 %L arg溶液饮水 )。术后 4周取髂动脉行图象分析或血管反应性测定 ,同时测定血浆中MDA、SOD和NO含量。结果 :DM组血浆中MDA水平明显低于Con组和L arg组 ,而SOD和NO水平明显降低。DM组内膜面积明显大于对照组 ( 0 2 5 5± 0 0 2 4vs.0 176± 0 0 2 9mm2 ,P <0 0 1) ,而L arg组内膜面积明显小于DM组 ( 0 15 3± 0 0 16,P <0 0 1)。L arg组髂动脉环对乙酰胆碱的舒张反应明显高于DM组。结论 :L arg能改善糖尿病兔的内皮功能 ,抑制动脉损伤后内膜增生     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子预防球囊成形血管再狭窄

目的 :探讨实验性兔髂动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型于血管成形后 ,给予碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF) ,对改善血管内皮功能及对再狭窄的预防作用。方法 :建立髂动脉狭窄模型兔 6 0只 ,2 0只用于成形前 (10只 )和成形后即刻 (10只 )管腔面积的组织学分析 ,余 40只随机分成 b FGF组和对照组 ,于血管成形后 4周两组兔均处死 ,行体外血管反应性测试和管腔面积的组织学分析。结果 :由乙酰胆碱诱导的内皮依赖性最大舒张反应 (Emax)b FGF组 [(41± 8) % ]大于对照组 [(12± 9) % ],P <0 .0 5 ;由硝普钠 (SNP)诱导的内皮非依赖性血管 Emax b FGF组 [(88± 7) % ]大于对照组 [(6 6± 5 ) % ],P <0 .0 5 ;血管成形后 4周对照组腔面积 [(0 .5 4± 0 .2 6 ) mm2 ]小于b FGF组 [(1.0 8± 0 .32 ) mm2 ],P <0 .0 5 ,比成形后即刻 [(1.2 0± 0 .2 8) mm2 ]狭窄 5 5 %。结论 :实验性髂动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型兔于血管成形后给予 b FGF,在促进内皮依赖性及非依赖性血管舒张功能恢复的同时 ,有预防成形血管近期再狭窄发生的作用     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.