APACHEⅡ评分、血乳酸测定与心脏外科ICU患者预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨心外ICU患者急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ)与血乳酸水平的相关性及对预后的评估价值。方法 检测心外ICU2340例患者血乳酸水平,所有患者在入ICU 24h内进行APACHEⅡ评分,评分以各项指标最差值计算,并按APACHEⅡ评分分为＜15分、15～24分、25～34分、＞34分四组,根据患者预后分为存活组和死亡组,分析血乳酸水平与APACHEⅡ评分的关系。结果 APACHEII评分＜15分组与15～24分组间血乳酸浓度无明显差异,15～24分组血乳酸结果明显低于25～34分组,25～34分组血乳酸结果明显低于＞34分组。死亡组患者血乳酸浓度均明显高于存活组,具有统计学意义 (P＜0.05);死亡组APACHEⅡ得分24.30±7.95,生存组得分7.68±3.91,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。APACHEⅡ评分与血乳酸浓度显著正相关(r=0.805,P＜0.001)。结论 心外ICU患者血乳酸水平与APACHEⅡ评分存在相关性,对判断病情及预后具有重要意义。     

ICU危重症患者APACHEⅡ评分变化率和临床预后的关系

目的：分析ICU危重症患者APACHEⅡ评分变化率（简称APACHEⅡ变化率）和临床预后的关系。方法：选取ICU收治危重症患者94例作为研究对象并跟踪28d,根据28d生存情况分为生存组（66例）和死亡组（28例）两组,收集第1天APACHEⅡ评分（APACHEⅡ1）、第二天APACHEⅡ评分（APACHEⅡ2）资料,计算APACHEⅡ变化率;对比两组患者之间APACHEⅡ1、APACHEⅡ2和APACHEⅡ变化率的差异;采用ROC曲线的方法比较APACHEⅡ1和APACHEⅡ变化率预测临床预后的差异。结果：死亡组患者APACHEⅡ1、APACHEⅡ2高于生存组,而APACHEⅡ变化率低于生存组,差异显著,具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;APACHEⅡ变化率和预后呈负相关性（P＜0.05）;ROC曲线结果显示APACHEⅡ变化率预测总体预后的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.880,高于APACHEⅡ1的曲线下面积0.775,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。APACHEⅡ变化率的最佳界值为0.21（敏感性60.7%,特异性95.5%）。结论：APACHEⅡ变化率对ICU危重症患者临床预后的评估意义高于单纯对APACHEⅡ1的观察。     

血清胆红素水平与脓毒血症患者预后的相关性研究

目的：探讨血清胆红素含量与重症脓毒血症、脓毒症休克患者死亡率之间的关系。方法：回顾性分析重症脓毒血症、脓毒症休克患者的一般临床资料,并且排除存在肝病史的患者;连续监测72 h内胆红素含量,并取最高值将患者分为胆红素≤ 1mg/dL组（A组）、1~2 mg/dL组（B组）及≥2 mg/dL组（C组）;然后分析了高胆红素水平与脓毒血症患者死亡率、重症监护时间之间的关系。结果：符合纳入标准的重症脓毒血症患者268例,其中174例胆红素含量≤ 1mg/dL、94例胆红素含量>1 mg/dL（其中26例胆红素含量≥2 mg/dL）;A、B、C三组患者的死亡率分别为13.4%、 24.6%和51.3%;B、C组患者死亡风险分别高A组患者3.46 (95% CI 1.47-10.60) 和7.49 (95% CI 1.52-32.5)倍。结论：重症脓毒血症及脓毒症休克患者在72 h内胆红素含量升高与死亡风险增加关系密切。     

PCT对脓毒症患者病情及预后的临床价值及其与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性分析

【】目的：分析PCT(降钙素原)在脓毒血症患者治疗后病情预后评价及与APACHEⅡ(急性生理与慢性健康Ⅱ评分)的相关性。方法：回顾我院在2014年6月至2016年12月间收住的112例脓毒血症患者。根据脓毒血症病情严重程度分为轻症组34例,重症组45例,休克组33例。根据患者治疗结局分为存活组92例,死亡组20例。根据发生MODS(多器官官能障碍)与否分为非MODS组68例,MODS组44例。分析PCT在各组患者之间指标差异,与APACHEⅡ指标相关性。评价两指标对患者治疗过程中及预后的评价价值。结果：在轻症组、重症组及休克组患者之间比较,PCT指标、APACHEⅡ评分差异显著(P＜0.05),其中轻症组PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分最低,休克组最高。死亡组患者与存活组患者比较,其PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分明显升高,差异显著(P＜0.05)。在MODS组与非MODS组患者之间比较,非MODS组患者PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分较MODS组患者明显低(P＜0.05)。Pearson相关系数分析,PCT指标与APACHEⅡ评分指标呈正相关(P＜0.05)。绘制ROC曲线比较PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分各自及联合评价脓毒血症预后效果,在各组中,两者联合评价效果优于单独各自评价效果。结论：PCT指标及APACHEⅡ评分对于评价脓毒血症患者预后均有效果,两者呈正相关。但PCT指标不能独立评估患者预后,联合评价效果优于单一APACHEⅡ评分评价效果。     

老年危重症患者血清肌酸激酶水平与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性

近年来,国内外有大量研究将血清生化指标作为辅助APACHEⅡ评分的一个新的方法用于评估危重症严重程度[1,2],为完善病情判断提供了新的途径.危重症患者病程早期肌酸激酶(CK)常非特异性地升高[3],本研究通过观察老年危重症患者血清CK水平的变化,将APACHEⅡ评分系统与CK水平相结合,探讨两者之间的关系,分析CK水平变化对判断老年危重病患者病情严重程度及预后评估的临床价值.     

肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和APACHE Ⅱ评分在危重病患者预后中的应用价值

目的探讨危重病患者隐匿性心肌损伤的发生率以及肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(TnⅠ)和APACHEⅡ评分系统在评价危重病患者预后中的作用。方法通过检测2002年10月至2005年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院急诊重症监护室利用回顾性双盲单中心研究方法分析159例危重病患者血清TnⅠ的质量浓度与APACHEⅡ评分、心肌损伤、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间和病死率发生的关系。结果在159例危重病患者中有34例(21.4%)患者存在TnⅠ的升高,但34例患者中只有9例(26.5%)诊断为心肌梗死,另25例未发现明显的心肌损伤。TnⅠ升高患者的病死率远远高于TnⅠ未升高的患者(41.2%对16.0%);机械通气的发生率(58.8%对23.2%)和持续时间(7.9d对3.1d)也明显增加;ICU的住院时间也显著延长(10.8d对4.3d);心肌TnⅠ和A-PACHEⅡ评分之间存在明显的相关性。心肌TnⅠ增高的患者,APACHEⅡ评分也相应的增高。结论TnⅠ的升高表明危重病患者中并发心肌损伤和功能失调的发生率较高。心肌TnⅠ和APACHEⅡ评分都可以成为危重病患者病死率和存活率发生的独立的预测因子,在评价危重病患者的预后中也发挥重要作用。特别TnⅠ和A-PACHEⅡ评分升高患者的病死率、心肌损伤、机械通气的发生率、ICU住院时间等方面都明显增加。     

MELD评分联合血清胆红素水平预测肝硬化预后

目的比较child-pugh评分、MELD评分体系及MELD联合血清胆红素对肝硬化失代偿期患者的短期、中期死亡危险的预测价值.方法入选59例肝硬化失代偿期患者,分别根据随访6月及12月的存活情况分组,观察存活组与死亡组中血清胆红素水平、血清肌酐水平、INR值、child-pugh评分、MELD评分.结果随访至6月,8例死亡,存活组与死亡组血清总胆红素水平、INR值、child-pugh评分、MELD评分均有统计学差异.随访至12月,18例死亡,存活组与死亡组上述各项观察指标均有统计学差异.而年龄、血清肌酐水平均无统计学差异.存活组与死亡组中不同child-pugh分级所占比例有统计学差异.MELD评分与child-puSh评分密切相关,r=0.936,P＜0.001.在预测死亡的危险性方面,MELD评分联合血清胆红素水平预测6月死亡的敏感性为100%,特异性86.8%.结论MELD评分系统对判断肝硬化肝功能失代偿期患者的预后具有良好的价值和准确性.MELD评分联合血清胆红素与单独MELD评分、Child-Pugh评分系统相比,在预测肝硬化肝功能失代偿期患者短、中期死亡率方面也具有更好的作用.     

和肽素联合APACHE Ⅱ评分在危重病患者预后评价中的意义

目的探讨和肽素水平联合急性生理和慢性健康状况评分(APACHEⅡ评分)评价危重病患者预后的意义。方法对2013年1⁶月ICU病房60例危重症患者在24 h内进行APACHEⅡ评分,并测定血清copeptin水平,分析两者与危重症患者病死率的关系。结果①60例患者中存活42例(70.0%),死亡18例(30.0%),其中死亡组APACHEⅡ评分和血清copeptin浓度均明显高于存活组(P<0.01)。②60例患者按照APACHEⅡ评分分为3组,copeptin水平随着APACHEII评分升高而升高(P<0.05)。③42例存活患者按照血浆copeptin水平分为4组,呼吸机通气天数和住院天数随着copeptin水平升高而升高(P<0.05)。结论 copeptin和APACHEⅡ评分升高对危重症患者主要预后指标预测有重要意义。     

应用APACHE Ⅱ评分和SIRS评分对脓毒症患者预后评估的研究

目的探讨全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）评分与急性生理和慢性健康状况（APACHE）Ⅱ评分对脓毒症患者预后评估的意义。方法分析我院外科监护室（ICU）收治的112例脓毒症患者临床资料,进行SIRS评分与APACHEⅡ评分,分析SIRS和APACHEⅡ评分与病死率的关系。结果随着SIRS与APACHEⅡ分值的增加,病死率也增加,SIRS评分≥2或A-PACHEⅡ评分≥25时病人病死率明显增加（P〈0.05）。结论 SIRS评分与APACHEⅡ评分一样能够预测脓毒症患者的预后,且简单实用。     

ICU患者应激性血糖、血乳酸、APACHEⅡ评分与预后相关性研究

目的探讨预测ICU患者预后的简单有效指标。方法选择2009年入住我科的84例患者,入科24 h内测定血糖、血乳酸,并进行APACHEⅡ评分。比较不同APACHEⅡ分值组中血糖、血乳酸的差别,并分析它们与患者预后的关系。结果随着APACHEⅡ评分的增加,血糖、血乳酸值也上升。死亡组中APACHEⅡ值、血糖、血乳酸值明显高于存活组。结论应激性血糖水平、血乳酸水平、APACHEⅡ评分均与病情严重程度相关,可作为预测ICU患者预后的独立因子。     

Balthazar computed tomography severity index is superior to Ranson criteria and APACHE Ⅱ scoring system in predicting acute pancreatitis outcome

AIM: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems. Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) systems and Balthazar computed tomography severity index (CTSI). The purpose of this review study was to assess the accuracy of CTSI, Ranson score, and APACHE II score in course and outcome prediction of AP. METHODS: We reviewed 121 patients who underwent helical CT within 48 h after onset of symptoms of a first episode of AP between 1999 and 2003. Fourteen inappropriate subjects were excluded; we reviewed the 107 contrast-enhanced CT images to calculate the CTSI. We also reviewed their Ranson and APACHE II score. In addition, complications, duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, and other pathology history also were our comparison parameters. RESULTS: We classified 85 patients (79%) as having mild AP (CTSI <5) and 22 patients (21%) as having severe AP (CTSI > or =5). In mild group, the mean APACHE II score and Ranson score was 8.6+/-1.9 and 2.4+/-1.2, and those of severe group was 10.2+/-2.1 and 3.1+/-0.8, respectively. The most common complication was pseudocyst and abscess and it presented in 21 (20%) patients and their CTSI was 5.9+/-1.4. A CTSI > or =5 significantly correlated with death, complication present, and prolonged length of stay. Patients with a CTSI > or =5 were 15 times to die than those CTSI <5, and the prolonged length of stay and complications present were 17 times and 8 times than that in CTSI <5, respectively. CONCLUSION: CTSI is a useful tool in assessing the severity and outcome of AP and the CTSI > or =5 is an index in our study. Although Ranson score and APACHE II score also are choices to be the predictors for complications, mortality and the length of stay of AP, the sensitivity of them are lower than CTSI.     

APACHE II score and primary liver cancer history had risk of hospital mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscess

BACKGROUND: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II classification system has been extensively used for predicting the patient mortality in various diseases. However, its utilisation on the pyogenic liver abscess has not yet been well studied. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to validate this system on this high death rate disease. PATIENTS: A retrospective study was conducted to assess 314 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses admitted to tertiary medical centre in past 12 years. METHODS: The outcome measurement was the in-hospital mortality. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association between mortality and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score while controlling for the potential confounding factors. RESULTS: The overall in-hospital mortality was 8.3%. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of the expired patients was higher (P<0.0001). The mortality rate increased rapidly when Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score >or=15. After controlling for the potential confounding factors, patient with high admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score >or=15 had a higher chance of in-hospital mortality (P<0.01). In addition, the primary liver cancer history is also a risk factor (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and the primary liver cancer history predict the in-hospital mortality of the pyogenic liver abscess patient.     

APACHE评价系统对75岁以上老年重症病人预后评价价值

目的观察急性生理学及慢性健康状况评价系统(APACHE)Ⅱ和Ⅲ对>75岁内科重症病人预后评价的可靠性。方法对2004年3-9月间收治的年龄>75岁的病人进行入院即刻计算APACHEⅡ/Ⅲ评分和预期病死率,并与实际住院病死率对比。结果APACHEⅡ/Ⅲ得分和预期病死率之间或同实际病死率之间高度相关,APACHEⅡ灵敏度为66.7%,特异度为90.9%,阳性预测值72.7%,阴性预测值88.2%;APACHEⅢ对预后判断的灵敏度为41.7%,特异度为100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值82.5%。结论APACHEⅡ/Ⅲ系统均能判断高龄重症病人预后,但是APACHEⅢ系统对病人住院病死率有低估倾向。     

APACHE II Predicts long-term survival in COPD patients admitted to a general medical ward

OBJECTIVE: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) was developed to predict intensive-care unit (ICU) resource utilization. This study tested APACHE II's ability to predict long-term survival of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) admitted to general medical floors. DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted for COPD exacerbation outside the ICU. APACHE II scores were calculated by chart review. Mortality was determined by the Social Security Death Index. We tested the association between APACHE II scores and long-term mortality with Cox regression and logistic regression. PATIENTS: The analysis included 92 patients admitted for COPD exacerbation in two Burlington, Vermont hospitals between January 1995 and June 1996. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In Cox regression, APACHE II score (hazard ratio [HR] 1.76 for each increase in a 3-level categorization, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16 to 2.65) and comorbidity (HR 2.58; 95% CI, 1.36 to 4.88) were associated with long-term mortality (P <.05) in the univariate analysis. After controlling for smoking history, comorbidity, and admission pCO2, APACHE II score was independently associated with long-term mortality (HR 2.19; 95% CI, 1.27 to 3.80). In univariate logistic regression, APACHE II score (odds ratio [OR] 2.31; 95% confidence internal [CI] 1.24 to 4.30) and admission pCO2 (OR 4.18; 95% CI, 1.15 to 15.21) were associated with death at 3 years. After controlling for smoking history, comorbidity, and admission pCO2, APACHE II score was independently associated with death at 3 years (OR 2.62; 95% CI, 1.12 to 6.16). CONCLUSION: APACHE II score may be useful in predicting long-term mortality for COPD patients admitted outside the ICU.     

Balthazar computed tomography severity index is superior to Ranson criteria and APACHE Ⅱ scoring system in predicting acute pancreatitis outcome

AIM: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a process with variable involvement of regional tissues or organ systems.Multifactorial scales included the Ranson, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) systems and Balthazar computed tomography severity index (CTSI).The purpose of this review study was to assess the accuracy of CTSI, Ranson score, and APACHE Ⅱ score in course and outcome prediction of AP.METHODS: We reviewed 121 patients who underwent helical CT within 48 h after onset of symptoms of a first episode of AP between 1999 and 2003. Fourteen inappropriate subjects were excluded; we reviewed the 107 contrastenhanced CT images to calculate the CTSI. We also reviewed their Ranson and APACHE Ⅱ score. In addition, complications,duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, and other pathology history also were our comparison parameters.RESULTS: We classified 85 patients (79%) as having mild AP (CTSI ＜5) and 22 patients (21%) as having severe AP (CTSI ≥5). In mild group, the mean APACHE Ⅱ score and Ranson score was 8.6±1.9 and 2.4±1.2, and those of severe group was 10.2±2.1 and 3.1±0.8, respectively. The most common complication was pseudocyst and abscess and it presented in 21 (20%) patients and their CTSI was 5.9±1.4. A CTSI ≥5 significantly correlated with death,complication present, and prolonged length of stay.Patients with a CTSI ≥5 were 15 times to die than those CTSI ＜5, and the prolonged length of stay and complications present were 17 times and 8 times than that in CTSI ＜5,respectively.CONCLUSION: CTSI is a useful tool in assessing the severity and outcome of AP and the CTSI ≥5 is an index in our study. Although Ranson score and APACHE Ⅱ score also are choices to be the predictors for complications,mortality and the length of stay of AP, the sensitivity of them are lower than CTSI.     

Plasma ADAMTS13 activity parallels the APACHE II score,reflecting an early prognostic indicator for patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Objective. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) frequently progresses to pancreatitis-associated multiorgan failure (MOF) with high mortality. Decreased plasma ADAMTS13 activity (ADAMTS13:AC) results in the accumulation of unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (UL-VWFM) and the formation of platelet thrombi, ultimately leading to MOF. The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential role of ADAMTS13:AC in the severity of SAP. Material and methods. Plasma ADAMTS13:AC and its related parameters were sequentially determined in 13 SAP patients. ADAMTS13:AC was determined by the chromogenic act-ELISA. Results. Within 1 or 2 days after admission, ADAMTS13:AC was lower in SAP patients (mean 28%) than in healthy controls (99%), and gradually recovered in the 11 survivors but further decreased in the 2 non-survivors. Patients with higher sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores showed lower ADAMTS13:AC than those without these scores. The inhibitor against ADAMTS13 was undetectable. On day 1, von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) was higher (402%, p<0.001) in SAP patients than in controls (100%). VWF:Ag gradually decreased in the survivors, except in the 3 patients needing a necrosectomy, but remained high in the non-survivors. ADAMTS13:AC was inversely correlated with the APACHE II score (r=?0.750, p<0.005), and increased plasma concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 at admission. UL-VWFM-positive patients had lower ADAMTS13:AC and decreased serum calcium concentrations, but higher VWF:Ag and IL-8 concentrations than UL-VWFM-negative patients. Conclusions. Plasma ADAMTS13:AC was closely related to the APACHE II score. This intimate relationship may serve as an early prognostic indicator for SAP patients. The imbalance between decreased ADAMTS13:AC and increased UL-VWFM could contribute to SAP pathogenesis through enhanced thrombogenesis.     

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在心脏外科术后行支气管镜检查的应用

目的：优化心脏外科术后发生肺部并发症患者接受支气管镜检查时的氧疗方案。方法：回顾分析2018年至2019年在我科接受心脏外科手术后行支气管镜检查的成年患者临床资料。根据氧疗方式不同,分为常规氧疗组（COT组）及经鼻高流量氧疗组（HFNC组）。COT组术中予以经湿化瓶双侧鼻导管吸氧,气体流量6L/min。HFNC组术中采用费雪派克呼吸湿化氧疗仪（Fisher & Parker AIRVOTM ）,气体流量60L/min,加温至37℃,FiO2=0.45。术后全组患者均予以经湿化瓶双侧鼻导管吸氧,气体流量6L/min。记录全组患者支气管镜检查时间。记录患者接受支气管镜检查前（T0）、检查时（T1）及检查结束后15min（T2）生命体征及动脉血气分析。记录两组患者术后视觉模拟评分量表（visual analog scale,VAS）评分。结果：127例患者入选本次研究,COT组61例,HFNC组66例。支气管镜检查前,两组患者各项参数间无统计学差异。两组患者检查后氧合情况（SPO2、PaO2）较检查前均有所改善,且HFNC组患者氧合改善情况显著高于COT组。对照各时间点生命体征指标情况,HFNC组患者生命体征较COT组波动幅度小、更为平稳。另一方面,HFNC组患者平均检查时间（14.74±1.88）min显著短于COT组（17.21±1.81）min,检查过程中不良事件发生率低于COT组（1/19）,术后VAS评分亦（2.45±1.35）显著低于COT组（4.72±1.07）(P<0.05)。结论：HFNC的应用可以优化心脏外科术后发生肺部并发症患者接受支气管镜检查的过程,使患者更安全、更平稳、更配合、更快速地完成检查。     

The effect of aggressive management of intraoperative body temperature on postoperative APACHE II score and prognosis in high-risk patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery

BackgroundIntraoperative hypothermia is related with postoperative complication, longer length of stay (LoS) and mortality. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) it the most commonly used evaluation system for assessing the severity and clinical prognosis of patients. This study sought to examine the effect of intraoperative body temperature on postoperative APACHE II scores and the prognosis of high-risk patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.MethodsThis study used the clinical data of patients from a multicenter randomized controlled trial who had undergone thoracoscopic surgery at our center ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03111875","term_id":"NCT03111875"}}NCT03111875). In our center were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either aggressive warming to a target core temperature of 37 ℃ or routine thermal management to a target of 35.5 ℃ during non-cardiac surgery. Randomisation was computer-generated. Eligible patients (aged ≥45 years) had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, were scheduled for inpatient noncardiac surgery expected to last 2–6 h with general anaesthesia. We retrieved medical information through the electronic medical record system. The primary outcome was the postoperative APACHE II scores, APACHE II score variation. The secondary outcome was Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scores, LoS in hospital, postoperative complications, infections, and deaths of the patients were recorded, and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to stratify the risk factors for the APACHE II score.ResultsGroup R comprised 121 patients and Group A comprised 84 patients. Group A had lower postoperative APACHE II scores (P=0.046) and a lower probability of a grade increase than Group R (P=0.005). However, no significant differences were found in terms of the QoR-15 scores, LoS, postoperative complications, infections, and deaths between the 2 groups. The logistic regression showed that aggressive warming, age, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade were risk factors for the deterioration of postoperative APACHE II scores.ConclusionsThe active adoption of various passive and aggressive warming strategies to keep the core body temperature ≥37 ℃ during thoracoscopic surgery significantly reduced increases in APACHE II scores, which is different from age and ASA grade, and was the only intervention factor.     

Effect of intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on renal function in patients after cardiac surgery

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of intrarenal RAS on the decrease of renal function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. This observational study investigated the activation of intrarenal RAS in 24 patients with AKI after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The activation of intrarenal RAS was determined by urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT), which was measured at 12 hours before surgery, 0 and12 hours after surgery. The results were compared with those of 21 patients without AKI after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Clinical and laboratory data were collected. Compared with baseline, all patients with cardiac surgery had activation of intrarenal RAS at 0 and 12 hours after surgery. The activation of intrarenal RAS was found significantly higher at both 0 and 12 hours after surgery in AKI group versus non AKI group (6.18 ± 1.93 ng/mL vs 3.49 ± 1.71 ng/mL, 16.38 ± 7.50 ng/mL vs 6.04 ± 2.59 ng/mL, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the activation of RAS at 0 hour after surgery and the decrease of renal function at 48 hours after surgery (r = 0.654, P = .001). These findings suggest that uAGT might be a suitable biomarker for prediction of the occurrence and severity of AKI after cardiac surgery. Inhibition of intrarenal RAS activation might be one the path of future treatment for this type of disease.     

Risk factors for postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery: a prediction model

BackgroundPostoperative pneumonia is the main infectious complication following cardiac surgery and is associated with significant increases in morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors related to the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to develop a predictive system.MethodsAdult patients who underwent open heart surgery in our institution between 2016 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and intraoperative variables were collected and analyzed. A multivariate prediction model for evaluating the risk of postoperative pneumonia was established using logistic regression analysis via forward stepwise selection, and points were assigned to significant risk factors based on their regression coefficient values.ResultsPostoperative pneumonia occurred in 530 of the 5,323 patients (9.96%). Prolonged stays in the postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital, as well as higher mortality (25.66% versus 0.65%), were observed in patients with postoperative pneumonia. Multivariate analysis identified 13 independent risk factors including patient demographics, comorbidities, cardiac function, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) duration, and blood transfusion. The prediction model showed good discrimination (C-statistic: 0.80) and was well calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ²=7.907, P value =0.443). A 32-point risk score was generated, and then three risk intervals were defined.ConclusionsWe derived and validated a prediction model for postoperative pneumonia after cardiac surgery incorporating 13 easily discernible risk factors. The scoring system may be helpful for individualized risk estimations and clinical decision-making.