miRNA-195、贝那普利与自发性高血压大鼠主动脉重构

目的　观察自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）的主动脉形态结构及其表达miRNA-195水平的变化,以及贝那普利干预对其影响。方法　8周龄雄性SHR及Wistar大鼠,随机分为SHR对照组、SHR贝那普利组（SHR干预组）、Wistar对照组、Wistar贝那普利组（Wistar干预组）,SHR干预组和Wistar干预组大鼠予贝那普利10　mg/（kg·d）干预,8周后,测定各组大鼠尾动脉血压,HE染色检测大鼠主动脉结构形态,实时荧光定量PCR检测大鼠主动脉miRNA-195表达,Western　blot检测大鼠主动脉转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、Smad3蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原（COL-Ⅰ）和Ⅲ型胶原（COL-　Ⅲ）蛋白表达水平。结果　贝那普利干预8周后,SHR干预组大鼠尾动脉收缩压及舒张压均显著低于SHR对照组（P<0.01）,高于Wistar对照组（P<0.01）。SHR干预组大鼠主动脉miRNA-195表达高于SHR对照组、Wistar干预组及Wistar对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）;SHR干预组大鼠主动脉TGF-β1和Smad3蛋白表达低于SHR对照组（P<0.05）,但高于Wistar干预组（P<0.01）;SHR干预组大鼠主动脉COL-Ⅰ和COL-Ⅲ表达低于SHR对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,但高于Wistar干预组（P<0.01）;SHR干预组大鼠主动脉内中膜结构较SHR对照组改善,但未能恢复到Wistar对照组水平。结论　贝那普利干预可改善SHR主动脉重构,这一作用可能与miRNA-195抑制TGF-β1/Smad3信号通路有关。     

复方丹参滴丸及其与福辛普利联用对高血压大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨复方丹参滴丸(DSP)及其与福辛普利联用对自发性高血压大鼠(SHRs)心肌细胞凋亡的影响.方法将48只8周龄雄性SHRs随机分为6组:DSP小剂量组、DSP大剂量组、福辛普利组、DSP小剂量与福辛普利联用组、DSP大剂量与福辛普利联用组、SHRs对照组.6组分别干预8周后测大鼠尾动脉收缩压;SHRs左心室细胞凋亡率及凋亡相关基因蛋白表达;电镜下心肌组织超微结构.结果与对照组比较DSP可明显降低心肌细胞凋亡率(P<0.01或P<0.05),并与福辛普利联用时可进一步提高后者的抗左室肥厚与心肌细胞凋亡效应(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论 DSP及其与福辛普利联用可改善SHRs左室心肌细胞凋亡.     

复方丹参滴丸及其与福辛普利联用对自发性高血压大鼠左室肥厚的影响

目的探讨复方丹参滴丸(DSP)及其与福辛普利联用对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左室肥厚的影响.方法将48只8周龄雄性SHR随机分为6组:DSP小剂量组、DSP大剂量组、福辛普利组、DSP小剂量与福辛普利联用组、DSP大剂量与福辛普利联用组、SHRs对照组.6组分别干预8周后测大鼠尾动脉收缩压;局部心肌/血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ、血浆醛固酮浓度;左室肥厚指数.结果DSP可降低血浆AngⅡ、Ald及局部心肌AngⅡ浓度(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),并可进一步增强福辛普利的这一作用;与对照组比较DSP可明显减轻左室肥厚(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),与福辛普利联用时可进一步提高后者的抗左室肥厚效应.结论DSP及其与福辛普利联用具有拮抗SHR左室肥厚作用.     

基质金属蛋白酶-9在自发性高血压大鼠心室重构的变化及γ-干扰素的干预研究

目的:观察基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)在自发性高血压大鼠心室重构(SHR)的变化及γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)的干预作用。方法:28只SHR(雄性),随机分为4组(每组7只):高剂量组(SHR-H),中剂量组(SHR-M),低剂量组(SHR-L)和SHR对照组(SHR-C);另7只WKY大鼠(雄性),作为阴性对照组(WKY)。SHR-L组,SHR-M组,SHR-H组每日上午分别腹腔注射INF-γ,5万u/kg,10万u/kg,15万u/kg,连续8w。SHR-C组和WKY组每日上午腹腔注射等量的0.9%氯化钠液,连续8w。分别于治疗前,治疗后4w、8w,采用尾袖法测量尾动脉收缩压(SBP),ELISA法检测血清MMP-9含量。实验第8周,处死大鼠,称取左心室质量(LVM),计算左心室质量指数LVMI(LVWI=LVM/BW);光镜下观察HE染色的心肌组织;采用werstern blot法检测心肌组织MMP-9蛋白表达。结果:各SHR组尾动脉收缩压(SBP)、左心室质量、LVMI及MMP-9的血清水平较WKY组明显升高(P<0.0 5)。应用IFN-γ后,治疗组的各指标较SHR-C均显著下降SBP[(189.57±5.06)vs.(201.57±5.74)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133kPa)],LVMI[(2.68±0.08)vs.(2.89±0.08)mg/g],MMP-9[(3.20±0.35)vs.(4.90±0.51)mg/L,P<0.05)];心肌组织MMP-9蛋白明显负调表达[(0.49±0.07)vs.(1.05±0.08),P<0.05]。结论:IFN-γ能抑制心肌组织中MMP-9表达,改善高血压心室重构,可能与抑制心肌的慢性炎症有关。     

依普利酮对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的影响及其机制探讨

目的：观察依普利酮对自发性高血压（ SHR）大鼠心肌纤维化（ MF）的影响,并探讨其机制。方法雄性SHR大鼠28只,随机分为4组,即依普利酮组、替米沙坦组、联合组及对照组,每组7只。分别灌胃给予依普利酮100 mg／（kg· d）、替米沙坦10 mg／（kg· d）、替米沙坦10 mg／（kg· d）＋依普利酮100 mg／（kg· d）、生理盐水1 mL／d,用药共8周。给药前、给药2周及7周应用尾套法测定尾动脉收缩压,给药8周免疫组化法测定心肌组织中的骨形态发生蛋白7（BMP-7）、转化生长因子信号蛋白2（Smad2）。结果给药7周,依普利酮组、替米沙坦组、联合组尾动脉收缩压均低于对照组（P均＜0．05）。联合组、依普利酮组左心室质量指数均低于对照组,依普利酮组低于联合组,P＜0．05。依普利酮组心肌组织Smad2阳性表达低于对照组,依普利酮组及联合组BMP-7阳性表达高于对照组,P均＜0．05。结论依普利酮可抑制SHR大鼠MF,促进BMP-7表达、抑制Smad2表达可能是其作用机制之一。     

MicroRNA-195与TGF-β1/Smads信号通路在自发性高血压大鼠心脏重构中的作用

目的　探讨微小核糖核酸195（microRNA-195,　miR-195）、转化生长因子β1/Smads　（TGF-β1/Smads）信号转导通路及血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）在自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）心脏重构中的作用,血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ACEI）类药物干预对SHR心脏形态结构及表达上述因子的影响。方法　以8周龄雄性SHR大鼠16只及Wistar大鼠8只为研究对象,将SHR大鼠随机分为SHR贝那普利干预组（SHR干预组,n8）、SHR对照组（n8）,Wistar大鼠作为正常对照组;SHR干预组大鼠予灌服贝那普利10　mg/（kg·d）,SHR对照组大鼠和正常对照组大鼠予蒸馏水灌胃,干预8周;干预前后测鼠尾动脉血压,干预8周后股动脉放血处死大鼠,HE染色观察大鼠心脏形态学改变,实时荧光定量多聚酶链式反应（qRT-PCR）法检测大鼠心脏中miRNA-195的表达,　Western　blot检测转化生长因子β1（transforming　growth　factor　beta1,　TGF-β1）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、Smad蛋白3（small　mother　against　decapentaplegic　protein　three,　Smad3）、I型胶原（Col-Ⅰ）和Ⅲ型胶原（Col-Ⅲ）蛋白表达水平。结果　SHR大鼠心脏miRNA-195　、AngⅡ、TGF-β1、Smad3、Col-Ⅰ及Col-Ⅲ的表达量均高于Wistar大鼠（P<0.01或P<0.05）,SHR干预组大鼠心肌细胞较SHR对照组明显变小,细胞排列较其紧密有序,miRNA-195　、AngⅡ、TGF-β1、Smad3、Col-Ⅰ及Col-Ⅲ表达量均明显降低（P<0.01或P<0.05）。结论　MiRNA-195可能通过上调AngⅡ及TGF-β1/Smads信号转导通路促进SHR心脏重构;贝那普利干预可抑制miRNA-195表达,可能通过下调AngⅡ及TGF-β1/Smads信号转导通路抑制SHR心脏重构。     

复方丹参滴丸与福辛普利联用对自发性高血压大鼠左室纤维化的影响

目的　探讨复方丹参滴丸 (DSP)与福辛普利联用对自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)左室纤维化的影响。方法　将 48只8周龄雄性SHR随机分为 6组 :DSP小剂量组 ;DSP大剂量组 ;福辛普利组 ;DSP小剂量与福辛普利联用组 ;DSP大剂量与福辛普利联用组 ;SHR对照组。 6组分别用灌胃法给药8周 ,测大鼠尾动脉收缩压、左室肥厚指数 ;局部心肌 /血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ、血浆醛固酮浓度 ;通过天狼星红染色进行心肌胶原定性和半定量分析。结果　与对照组比较 ,DSP可明显减轻左室肥厚 (P <0 .0 1) ,改善左室纤维化 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ,并与福辛普利联用时可进一步提高后者的抗心肌纤维化效应 ;DSP尤其与福辛普利联用时可降低血浆AngII、Ald及局部心肌AngII浓度 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 )。结论　DSP与福辛普利联用可改善SHR心肌纤维化(MF)。     

氯沙坦、福辛普利对心肌细胞凋亡及纤维化的影响

本研究探讨氯沙坦、福辛普利对高血压大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及心肌纤维化的影响。一、材料与方法1 16周龄自发性高血压大鼠 (ＳＨＲ) 3 0只 ,随机分为 3组 :氯沙坦组 (ＳＨＲ Ｌ组 )、福辛普利组 (ＳＨＲ Ｆ组 )和对照组 ,每组各 10只。ＳＨＲ Ｌ组、ＳＨＲ Ｆ组每日分别氯沙坦 3 0ｍｇ/ｋｇ、福辛普利 10ｍｇ/ｋｇ加入生理盐水 5ｍｌ/ｋｇ灌胃 ,Ｃ组每日等量生理盐水灌胃 ,治疗 8、16周后每组随机取 5只处死 ,治疗前及处死前称取体重和测尾动脉收缩压。戊巴比妥钠 5 0ｍｇ/ｋｇ腹腔内注射麻醉 ,开胸 ,右心室穿刺取血 2ｍｌ,放免法测血浆血管紧张…     

福辛普利和氯沙坦对SHR血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1基因表达的影响

目的研究福辛普利和氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血管紧张素Ⅱ受体1(AT1-R)的基因表达水平及心血管细胞增殖的影响,探讨高血压病的病理机制.方法 48只10周龄SHR随机分3组,1组服福辛普利5 mg*kg-1*d-1;2组服氯沙坦20 mg*kg-1*d-1;3组(对照组) 服安慰剂.3组分别灌胃持续9 周,实验前及实验中每2周测尾动脉血压,9周后,抽血并处死动物取材,放免法测血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ),用半定量RT-PCR 测量心肌AT1-R的 mRNA水平,光、电镜观察心肌及主动脉组织学改变. 结果血压对照组随增龄上升,两治疗组实验第2周起各次均较治疗前低,差异多具显著性,实验第8周福辛普利组为(165.1±4.9)mmHg、氯沙坦组为(156.3±4.2)mmHg,均较对照组(179.1±10.4)mmHg低,差异显著,P<0.01.血浆Ang Ⅱ浓度对照组为(440.0±190.3)pg/mL,福辛普利组为(566.0±149.3)pg/mL和氯沙坦组(529.3±200.9)pg/mL均较对照组高,但均无显著性差异,P>0.05.心肌AT1-R的mRNA水平福辛普利组为(72.0±35.0)%,对照组为(102.4±21.9)%,显著高于前者,P<0.05;氯沙坦组为(101.9±27.3)%,与对照组差异无显著性,P>0.05,但较福辛普利组高,差异显著,P<0.05;AT1-R的mRNA水平与治疗后血压不相关,与对照组Ang Ⅱ浓度正相关,r=0.596,P<0.05,而与两治疗组无相关性;心血管病变光、电镜下两治疗组心血管细胞增殖明显减轻,氯沙坦组减轻更显著. 结论福辛普利可下调SHR心肌AT1-R基因表达水平,氯沙坦则对其无影响;福辛普利和氯沙坦均可抑制SHR心血管细胞增殖,但不伴有Ang Ⅱ浓度的显著性改变.     

几种血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂干预实验性糖尿病大鼠左室功能的评价

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剡（ACEI）培哚普利、贝那普利、福辛普利对糖尿病大鼠左室功能及心脏结构的影响。方法将32只SD大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱发糖尿病模型,随机分为3个给药组和1个糖尿病组（每组8只）,另选8只做正常对照组。给药组每日分别灌胃给予培哚普利（雅施达4mg／kg）、贝那普利（洛汀新10mg／kg）、福辛普利（蒙诺10mg／kg）;糖尿病组给予生理盐水灌胃,共8周。对照观察左室功能及心脏结构变化。结果与正常对照组相比,糖尿病给药组及未给药组的左心室指数（LVW／BW）明显增高（P均〈0．05）,舒张末期室间隔厚度（IVSD）、舒张末期左室后壁厚度（LVPWD）增加（P均〈0．05）;糖尿病组E峰明显低于对照组,A峰明显高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。与对照组比较,糖尿病组射血分数（EF）值均有显著降低（P〈0．05）;治疗组与对照组比较,EF值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。提示伴随着左室舒张功能的损伤,其收缩功能也有一定改变,但主要还是舒张功能改变明显;各种ACEI治疗组之间差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论糖尿病心肌病的左室舒张功能减低,ACEI干预糖尿病心肌病,能够改善左室舒张功能,且几种ACEI具有类效应。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.