广州市疾病预防控制中心2002-2006年科技人员发表学术论文计量分析

目的对2002-2006年广州市疾病预防控制中心科技人员发表的学术论文进行定量分析,以便为中心的科研管理、人才培养及图书情报服务提供指导作用。方法运用文献计量学方法,从学术论文的数量、专业分类、刊登论文杂志的分布及论文作者等方面进行统计分析。结果2002-2006年广州市疾病预防控制中心科技人员共172人次在92种杂志上发表学术论文578篇,其中核心期刊153篇;发表论文最多的作者为15篇,发表论文5篇以上的作者为44人;论文专业分布:卫生检验214篇,疾病预防控制166篇,公共卫生149篇。结论广州市疾病预防控制中心近5年每年只有不足三分之一的科技人员发表论文,学术论文的专业分布仍以防病灭病和公共卫生为主。今后应制定发表论文的激励机制。     

2005-2008年商丘医学高等专科学校发表学术论文分析

目的了解商丘医学高等专科学校2005-2008年学术论文的发表情况。方法以第1作者为检索关键词并在指定字段(第1单位)为"商丘医学高等专科学校"在《中国医院知识仓库》搜索所有文献资料,采用文献计量学的方法从论文的发表篇数、作者情况、期刊种类等方面对发表的论文进行分析。结果商丘医学高等专科学校2005-2008年共发表论文544篇,共有128位作者,发表在130余种期刊上,其中发表论文数量最多的期刊为《实用医技杂志》。结论对商丘医学高等专科学校近4年发表学术论文的分析结果可以为本校制定科研管理和发展规划提供科学依据。     

2006-2010年山东省疾病预防控制中心学术论文计量分析

目的 为准确掌握山东省疾病预防控制中心业务人员发表论文的水平,全面了解科研学术现状,为山东省疾病预防控制中心的科研管理、学科建设和人才培养等提供参考依据.方法 利用《中国知网》(CNKI)数据库中的《中国医院知识仓库》(CHKD) 2006-2010年收录的山东省疾病预防控制中心公开发表的学术论文进行统计,数据导出后用EXCEL做统计分析和文献计量学研究.结果 2006-2010年共发表论文622篇,分别为131、161、127、105和98篇,平均每年发表124篇;622篇论文涉及13类学科,其中疾病控制学科论文174篇(内容主要涉及疾病危险因素研究、疫情调查分析、疾病监测数据分析、疾病预防控制效果评价等),卫生检验(微生物检验、卫生毒理、消毒杀毒灭鼠、理化检验)228篇,公共卫生(食品与营养、职业与环境卫生、健康教育、辐射卫生、卫生管理)171篇;分布在110种期刊上,刊载论文10篇以上的期刊有15种,刊载论文最多的期刊是《预防医学论坛》为150篇,占发表论文总数的24.12％.发文6篇以上的25位作者,张迎修第1作者发表的论文最多,共26篇.发表基金资助论文112篇.结论 2006-2010年山东省疾病预防控制中心发表论文篇数有下降趋势,分布期刊较广,内容主要为疾病预防控制领域承担的所有职能,基金资助项目论文数量占有一定比例.     

1996-2007年邹城市卫生防疫学术论文分析

目的反映邹城市卫生防疫学术科研水平,探讨卫生防疫体制改革后学术科研管理机制,为发现和培养人才提供客观依据。方法采用文献计量法,对1996-2007年邹城市卫生防疫学术论文进行统计分析。结果 1996-2007年邹城市卫生防疫站共发表国家级学术论文543篇,年均发表45篇,人均发表4.4篇,卫生事业管理、疾病监测、健康教育类论文比较突出;刊载在73种学术期刊,中华预防医学会系列杂志完全占主导地位;大于或等于10篇的有15人,计217篇,占总数的39.96%。学术论文与专业技术人员的年龄成正比,40岁以上年龄组显著高于39岁以下年龄组;与职称成正比;与学历不成正比,中专大于本科,本科大于大专。结论邹城市卫生防疫学术论文在全国同级占领先地位,提示应进一步提高论文的质量,选择学术影响较大的正规期刊,强化专业技术人员学术素质教育,完善学术科研激励和学术论文奖惩机制,建立健全专业技术人员职称晋升聘任良性运行机制,扩大科研成果的影响力度。     

《中国计划生育学杂志》论文中医学伦理意识的调查与思考

目的:从科技论文角度探讨我国计划生育科研工作中存在的医学伦理学问题。方法:查阅2005～2009年《中国计划生育学杂志》发表的学术论文,统计作者自述"通过伦理委员会审查""研究对象知情同意"情况。结果:5年间共出版60期(月刊),发表了以人为研究对象、前瞻性研究论文681篇,其中论文说明研究"经过伦理委员会审查"仅4篇(0.59%),"研究对象知情同意"49篇(7.20%)。结论:本次调查论文有关医学伦理学阐述的比例很低,反映出计划生育科研论文作者和编辑者的伦理学意识相当薄弱,与国外生物医学期刊差距较大。提示科技管理部门应重视对科研人员伦理学知识的宣传教育,加强计划生育科研工作伦理学规范。通过完善期刊编审程序,加强科研伦理学审查提高论文质量,促进我国人口和计划生育科学研究健康持续发展。     

济南军区疾控中心2001～2005年发表学术论文分析

目的通过分析“十五”期间济南军区疾控中心发表论文情况,了解“中心”科技队伍状况、学术水平、学科建设和科研管理水平,为做好继续医学教育工作提供决策依据。方法以“中心”2001~2005年在国内外生物医学期刊上发表的论文汇编为统计源,对发表论文情况进行统计分析。结果2001~2005年“中心”共发表论文298篇,其中61.7%论文发表在核心期刊上;流行病学、军队卫生学、兽医卫生学论文占论文总数的64.4%;论文的第一作者中,有11人发表论文10篇以上,其中个人发表论文最多的19篇;论著占论文总数的49.0%;高级专业技术职务作者发表论文占论文总数的59.7%。结论“十五”期间“中心”作者的论文质量较高,流行病、军队卫生、兽医卫生等优势学科发展较好,但复合式人才较少,学科发展存在不平衡。     

2003～2008年宁夏疾病预防控制中心科技论文发表情况分析

[目的]评价、分析宁夏区疾病预防控制中心("中心")的科研实力和科研绩效,为制定可持续发展规划提供科学依据。[方法]对"中心"2003~2008年在国内外生物医学期刊上发表的科技论文情况进行文献计量分析。[结果]2003~2008年合计有214篇论文发表在国内50种期刊上发表,其中76.6%发表在核心期刊上;疾病预防与控制、卫生监测检验、公共卫生管理、地方病预防与控制方面的论文分别占30.84%,23.83%,13.55%和12.62%;刊登栏目为论著、调查研究、实验研究和资料分析的分别占16.82%、6.54%,14.02%,14.95%和14.02%;高级、中级、初级职称者发表的分别占61.21%、34.58%和4.21%。88名第一作者中,发表论文7篇、6篇、5篇、4篇、3篇、2篇的分别有7人、24人、40人、32人、42人、32人。[结论]"中心"发表的科技论文质量较高,但学科发展存在不平衡。     

2003-2007年泰州市疾病预防控制中心科技论文统计分析

目的对泰州市疾病预防控制中心2003-2007年科技论文进行统计分析,以了解该中心的科研现状。方法运用文献计量学方法,从学术论文的杂志分布、发文数量、科室和学科分布、职称和年龄构成等方面进行统计分析。结果5年间中心科技人员共43人在44种杂志上发表学术论文102篇,其中核心期刊33篇;发文最多的为10篇,发表论文3篇以上的作者为14人;疾病控制方面论文50篇（49%）,职防科发表论文最多为17篇,中级职称发文最多为74篇（72.5%）;30～39岁年龄组发表论文49篇（48%）。结论从论文的期刊分布和专业分布来看,发表在核心期刊上的论文只占1/3,今后发表论文质量仍需提高;论文仍以疾病控制为主,表明中心疾病预防控制的工作性质没变。     

相关专业期刊学校卫生论文统计分析

为了解我国发表儿少卫生、学校卫生专业论文的刊物分布,结合《中国学校卫生》杂志20年刊文统计,对相关专业期刊发表的学校卫生专业论文进行统计分析。回对象与方法以我国有代表性的《中华预防医学》、《中华流行病学杂志人《中国公共卫生火种国公共卫生管理》、《营养学报》、种国心理卫生入《实用预防医学》等预防医学卫生学类期刊和儿科、眼科、寄生虫临床医学期刊为统计对象,以其发表的儿少卫生、学校卫生专业论文为统计单位,进行刊物分布与作用分布统计。作者单位分为高等院校（含科研机构、学术团体等）、省级卫生防疫站（含直辖市…     

2018—2022年中国疾控中心营养学研究方向发表论文分析

目的 对2018—2022年中国疾病预防控制中心(以下简称中国疾控中心)营养学研究方向发表论文进行分析,旨在为进一步优化研究方向、合理调配科研资源、激发科研工作者学术热情提供依据。方法 通过中国知网、万方数据库、Web of Science、美国全科医学文献数据库(Medline)和美国期刊科学引文分析(journal citation report, JCR)网络版数据库作为数据统计源,检索2018—2022年中国疾控中心发表的营养学方向学术论文,对发文量、载文期刊、作者情况、研究方向、基金项目等进行分析。结果 2018—2022年中国疾控中心营养学研究方向发表论文数量逐年增加,与2018年相比较,2022年中文论文发文量增长了18.60%,英文论文发文量增长8.82倍。中文论文有24.71%发表在《卫生研究》,英文论文有29.86%发表在Nutrition。对高被引论文分析结果显示,最高被引次数为147,载文期刊影响因子1.9;第一作者的H指数最高为27,载文期刊影响因子44.5;H指数与期刊影响力具备一定的相关性。纳入分析论文的学术热点集中度较好,聚类了“超重”等9个主要研究方向...     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.