不同病理类型的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉组织中血清淀粉样蛋白A表达差异研究

目的　探讨不同病理类型鼻息肉中血清淀粉样蛋白A（serum amyloid A,SAA）表达差异。方法　招募依据EPOS2012指南诊断为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP）患者共26例,术中收集鼻息肉标本。采用荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测鼻息肉中SAA表达;采用苏木精和伊红染色检测病理标本中嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、浆细胞、淋巴细胞数量,并依据比值将CRSwNP分为嗜酸性粒细胞型（eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP）与非嗜酸性粒细胞型（non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,non-CRSwNP）;采用Spearman分析鼻息肉中SAA水平与临床病理资料的相关性。结果  non-ECRSwNP中的鼻息肉中SAA水平显着高于ECRSwNP组（P <0.001）及健康对照组（P <0.001）。鼻息肉中SAA水平与嗜酸性粒细胞百分比呈现显著负相关而与中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞浸润呈现显著正相关。结论　SAA在不同病理类型的鼻息肉中表达具有差异。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的临床特征分析

目的　分析慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者的临床和病理资料,总结其临床特征。方法　纳入2017年10月～2018年12月于中山大学附属第三医院确诊为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉并接受手术治疗的患者170例,比较嗜酸性粒细胞型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,ECRSwNP）和非嗜酸性粒细胞型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,non-ECRSwNP）之间各项临床特征的差异。结果　ECRSwNP占38.2%,non-CRSwNP占61.2%,前者更容易合并变应性鼻炎、哮喘,其外周血IgE水平、嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值及百分比、嗜碱粒细胞绝对值及百分比更高,且CT评分筛窦/上颌窦比值也更高,差异具有统计学意义。结论　ECRSwNP与non-ECRSwNP具有不同的临床特征。     

炎性细胞在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的表达及与临床病理特征的关系[论著]

目的　探讨不同炎性细胞在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎临床分型中的表达情况并分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学检测33例慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP）、22例为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉（chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps,CRSsNP）与20例正常对照组织中树突状细胞、B淋巴细胞、Th淋巴细胞、Tc淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞的表达情况。HE染色观察嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞的表达及上皮层破坏和基底膜增厚。结果　CRSwNP中各炎性细胞表达均高于正常对照组,CRSsNP中除树突状细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞外,其余炎性细胞表达均高于正常对照组,且中性粒细胞表达明显高于CRSwNP。嗜酸性粒细胞型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,ECRSwNP）和非嗜酸性粒细胞型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,non-ECRSwNP）组Lund-Kennedy鼻内镜评分显著高于CRSsNP组。non-ECRSwNP和CRSsN P组与ECRSwNP比较基底膜显著增厚。ECRSwNP组复发率明显高于non-ECRSwNP与CRSsNP组。结论　炎性细胞在CRS发病机制中发挥不同的作用并且与临床病理特征及预后相关。     

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉黏膜上皮紧密连接的表达研究

目的 本研究旨在研究慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP)患者中不同嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)比例的鼻息肉黏膜上皮紧密连接(tight junctions,TJs)的表达情况.方法 在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院鼻过敏科手术患者中,收集5例正常对...     

嗜酸性粒细胞在鼻息肉复发中的作用研究进展

尽管有规范的药物治疗和外科治疗，慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps，CRSwNP）仍然易复发且对患者的身心健康有严重影响，其中以嗜酸性粒细胞（eosinophil，Eos）浸润为特征的鼻息肉更容易复发且疗效更差。本文就Eos在CRSwNP复发中的作用，特别是局部炎症微环境对鼻息肉复发的影响做一综述，为提高鼻息肉的临床疗效、减少复发提供参考。     

嗜酸性粒细胞浸润型慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的发病机制研究进展

嗜酸性粒细胞浸润型慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,ECRSwNP）是鼻科常见的慢性炎性疾病,主要表现为Th2型优势的免疫反应,伴有严重的组织嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,具有难治性的特征。作为一种复杂的综合征,ECRSwNP发病机制尚未明朗,攻克ECRSwNP一直是鼻科学研究的重点和难点。本文就近年来Th2型免疫反应以及组织重塑在ECRSwNP发病机制中的相关研究进展做一综述。     

TH2细胞因子在2型慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉中的作用机制研究进展

慢性鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, CRS)根据其发病机制可分为2型和非2型炎症内型,其中2型炎症对应于嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为主的慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, CRSwNP)。典型的2型CRSwNP患者通常对目前的治疗有耐药性,表现出较高的复发率。尽管生物制剂在其治疗上取得了一定的成功,但靶向单一TH2细胞因子并不能完全消除大多数患者的2型疾病,故靶向阻断TH2细胞因子及其下游的信号转导通路可能是针对内型治疗的一种新思路。论文对各2型细胞因子(IL-4、IL-5、IL-9、IL-13、IL-25和IL-33)在2型CRSwNP中与其特异性受体相互结合后激活的细胞内信号通路进行综述,旨在为治疗2型CRSwNP提供新的靶点。     

转化生长因子-β1在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎中的作用及其相关影响因素研究进展

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis,CRS)是指发生于鼻腔、鼻窦黏膜的慢性炎症性疾病,病程≥12周。CRS可分为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP)和慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉(chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps,CRSsNP)两型[1],其发病机制尚不完全清楚,不同类型的CRS表现为不同的黏膜炎症和组织重构[2]。     

慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉中IL4基因异常甲基化与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润机制研究CSCD

目的 探究IL4基因异常甲基化与嗜酸性粒细胞浸润的机制。方法 选取符合慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉诊断标准的9例患者标本,根据鼻息肉组织病理嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)浸润程度,分为嗜酸粒细胞性慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,ECRSwNP)和非嗜酸粒细胞性慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(non-ECRSwNP,NECRSwNP)两组,比较两组样本不同炎症细胞计数差异。设计DNA甲基化引物,MassARRAY法进行IL4基因CpG位点DNA甲基化检测。运用线性拟合回归探究Eos计数和IL4基因CpG位点甲基化程度之间的线性关系。结果 ECRSwNP组Eos计数高于NECRSwNP组(P=0.0043),其他炎症细胞数目相比无统计学差异。DNA甲基化检测显示,ECRSwNP组CpG位点5(CpG-5)的甲基化率显著低于NECRSwNP组(P=0.0311)。我们还发现IL4基因CpG-5甲基化率和组织Eos浸润有着较强的负相关关系(R2=0.53,P=0.0261)。通过回归模型拟合得到Eos=496.25-5.13×CpG-5(DNA甲基化率),结果表明随着IL4基因CpG-5甲基化水平的降低,鼻息肉中Eos浸润增加。结论 IL4基因异常甲基化状态与Eos浸润程度相关,为CRSwNP发病机制提供表观遗传学证据。     

II型固有淋巴细胞在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎中的作用机制初探

目的　研究Ⅱ型固有淋巴细胞（group 2 innate lymphoidcells,ILC2s）及其相关细胞因子在2型鼻-鼻窦炎中的表达与临床意义。方法　收集暨南大学附属第一医院慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP）患者30例、慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉（chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps,CRSsNP）患者30例以及健康对照者19例的临床资料,利用流式细胞学技术检测外周血及鼻腔黏膜组织中ILC2的表达情况,电化学发光免疫分析技术（MSD）及酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）检测外周血中IL-33、IL-25、IL-5、IL-13、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（eosinophil cationic protein,ECP）、嗜酸性粒细胞神经毒素（eosinophilderived neurotoxin,EDN）的表达水平。结果　鼻-鼻窦炎患者的外周血和局部鼻腔黏膜组织中的ILC2呈正相关,ILC2表达与患者嗜酸性粒细胞百分比（Eos%）、VAS评分及CT评分均呈正相关（P <0.01）。外周血中ILC2比例与T2型炎症因子EDN、ECP、IL-25、IL-33、IL-13、IL-5均表现为不同程度的正相关关系（P <0.01）,上述各细胞因子在CRSwNP患者中的表达也不同程度的高于CRSsNP患者。结论　初步证明ILC2在2型鼻-鼻窦炎发病机制中的重要作用。ILC2及其上下游细胞因子的高表达与相关临床指标呈现相关性,ILC2可能是潜在的未来新型疗法的指导标志物。     

变应性气道疾病对嗜酸性鼻息肉炎性亚型界定的影响

目的　探讨不同炎性亚型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps,CRSwNP）患者临床和组织病理学特点及其发病机制,初步探究外周血嗜酸性粒细胞（eosinophils,Eos）比例在分类中的作用,进而探究合并症（变应性鼻炎、支气管哮喘）对鼻息肉炎性亚型界定的影响。方法　回顾性分析182例确诊为 CRSwNP患者的临床资料。根据术后鼻息肉组织病理检测结果,分为Eos浸润组（ECRSwNP）与非Eos浸润组（non-ECRSwNP）。对两组患者血Eos百分比、血中性粒细胞百分比、血清总IgE、鼻窦CT Lund-Mackay评分及鼻内镜手术翻修率分别进行统计学分析,比较两组的差异;将血清总IgE、血Eos百分比、鼻息肉Eos浸润程度及鼻窦CT评分之间进行相关性分析;采用ROC曲线方法计算曲线下面积及ECRSwNP的诊断截断值;将研究对象按照不同合并症构成进行分组,分析不同合并症时ECRSwNP的诊断截断值变化情况。以SPSS 17.0软件进行数据统计分析。结果  ECRSwNP具有较高的鼻内镜手术翻修率及变应性鼻炎和支气管哮喘合并率,两组差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;两种炎性亚型的鼻息肉患者鼻窦CT评分、血Eos百分比及血总IgE之间差异具有统计学意义（U 分别为1028.00、1143.50、800.00,P 均<0.05）,两组之间血中性粒细胞百分比差异不具有统计学意义（U =2155.50,P =0.232）;血Eos百分比和组织Eos浸润程度之间及鼻窦CT评分与二者之间存 在显著相关性（r =0.538、0.568、0.419,P 均<0.05）,其他指标之间相关性无统计学意义。同时合并变应性鼻炎和支气管哮喘可显著增高血Eos百分比,相比无合并症及仅合并变应性鼻炎差异具有统计学意义（U分别为541.50、689.00,P均<0.05）,其他情况差异不具有统计学意义。不同合并症时ECRSwNP血Eos百分比截断值范围是3.05%～4.8%。结论　ECRSwNP及non-ECRSwNP具有不同的临床及组织病理学特点。合并变应性疾病可增高鼻息肉血Eos百分比,并影响以血Eos百分比为诊断指标的鼻息肉炎性亚型的界定。     

不同分型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞与中性粒细胞百分比及变态反应临床差异性分析

目的 分析不同分型慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞与中性粒细胞百分比及变态反应临床差异性。 方法 前瞻性选取2015年5月至2017年5月间在上海市宝山区大场医院和上海中医药大学附属曙光医院宝山分院接受治疗的150例CRS患者,收集患者临床资料,皮肤点刺试验的结果及外周血内中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞所占比率,分析其与CRS起病联系情况。 结果 150例患者手术后病理诊断显示45例为中性粒细胞型,105例为嗜酸性粒细胞型;嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润型患者外周血内嗜酸性粒细胞所占比率高于中性粒细胞的浸润型患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉(CRSsNP)、慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴息肉(CRSwNP)分型和免疫病理的分型在两种不同浸润型患者内分布对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 CRS病理组织内中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润程度与其外周血内嗜酸性粒细胞所占比率有关,局部嗜酸性粒细胞和外周血内嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润程度呈现为一致性。     

Evaluation of aspirin hypersensitivity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

Conclusion The recurrence rates of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) were higher in the aspirin nasal provocation test (ANPT)-positive group, regardless of the presence of nasal polyps. Thus, a careful endoscopic examination is required during follow-up in ANPT-positive patients with CRS. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis after surgical treatment in patients with CRS and aspirin hypersensitivity. Methods In a prospective study, 100 patients were analyzed with CRS who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at the hospital from October 2012 to March 2013. This study measured changes in nasal volume and symptoms before and after the ANPT and examined patient’s asthma history, allergy, Lund–Mackay score (LMS), total immunoglobulin E, percentage of peripheral eosinophils, and objectively measured relapse at 6 months. Results Patients wwith CRS and nasal polyps (CRSwNP) were more likely to have a positive ANPT test result compared to those without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (21.4% vs 5.5%). The ANPT-positive group had a higher LMS and required more revision endoscopic sinus surgery than those in the ANPT-negative group. The results were that similar results were observed in CRSwNP and CRSsNP.     

瘦素在肥胖成人慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病中的作用

1007 1520.202003008·论著· 目的初步探讨瘦素（Leptin）在肥胖成人慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）发病中的作用及机制。方法按照体重指数（BMI）随机选取肥胖CRSwNP患者40例,体重正常CRSwNP患者30例,选取同期肥胖鼻中隔偏曲患者30例为对照组。通过酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定3组患者血清中Leptin及其受体水平、EOS相关因子IL 4、IL 13的水平;RT PCR及免疫组织化学方法检测3组患者局部鼻黏膜中Leptin及其受体水平表达;苏木精-伊红染色法观察3组患者组织中EOS细胞浸润程度。另Pearson相关性分析Leptin水平与EOS相关指标及浸润程度的关系。结果与对照组比较,两组CRSwNP患者的血清与局部Leptin及其受体水平表达均升高,血清中EOS相关因子IL 4、IL 13的水平表达均显著升高,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组CRSwNP患者中肥胖患者的各项检测指标均显著高于体重正常患者（P<0.05）,且Leptin及其受体水平与EOS相关指标、EOS浸润程度均呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论Leptin在CRSwNP患者中水平显著升高,且肥胖患者组更高,并与EOS浸润及其促进因子显著相关,提示Leptin可能通过促进EOS增殖浸润参与肥胖成人CRSwNP发病。     

Nasal polyps in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: Structured histopathology and CD105 expression

PurposeDistinguishing the prodromal nasal polyposis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a challenge for rhinologists and rheumatologists. It has recently been reported that angiogenesis and CD105 expressed on vascular endothelial cells could have a role in the pathogenesis and development of nasal polyps.This exploratory study examined the structured histopathology of nasal polyps in patients with EGPA and CRSwNP, comparing CD105 expression in their nasal tissue with that of a control group with no chronic sinonasal inflammation.MethodsA structured histopathological study was performed on surgical specimens of nasal tissue from 32 adults (13 with EGPA, 14 with CRSwNP, 5 controls), considering CD105 as a marker to determine microvessel density (MVD).ResultsThe mean eosinophil count was higher in EGPA patients with tissue inflammation (p = .002), and in CRSwNP patients with sub-epithelial edema (p = .009). Neutrophil infiltration was significantly associated with severe tissue inflammation in EGPA patients (p = .04), but with the absence of fibrosis in CRSwNP patients (p = .04). In the EGPA group, CD105-MVD correlated with tissue eosinophil count (p = .05). Mean CD105-MVD was significantly higher in EGPA patients with mucosal ulceration (p = .004). In the CRSwNP group, a CD105-MVD correlated positively and significantly with tissue eosinophil count (p = .01).ConclusionAlongside the known abundance of eosinophils, other cells might contribute to inflammatory processes. Neutrophils may amplify inflammation, eosinophil recruitment and tissue damage. CD105 expression in CRSwNP and EGPA nasal polyps supports the hypothesized involvement of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis and development of nasal polyps.     

鳞状细胞癌抗原在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者血清中的表达及组织分型中的意义

目的探讨鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)患者血清中的表达情况及其在组织分型中的应用价值。方法选取74例CRSwNP患者以及40例健康志愿者作为研究对象,根据CRSwNP患者术后组织病理切片中嗜酸性粒细胞浸润情况将CRSwNP分为非嗜酸性CRSwNP组(non-eCRSwNP,n=33)和嗜酸性CRSwNP组(eCRSwNP,n=41)。术前收集入组患者的外周血检测SCCA在血清中的浓度,观察其与临床指标的联系及其在不同组织分型患者中浓度差异。结果与对照组相比,CRSwNP组患者血清SCCA表达水平显著升高(P＜0.000 1);与non-eCRSwNP组相比,eCRSwNP组患者血清SCCA表达水平显著升高(P＜0.000 1)。CRSwNP患者血清SCCA浓度与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数(r=0.404,P=0.000 4)、组织嗜酸性粒细胞比例(r=0.283,P=0.015)均呈正相关。二元Logistic回归及受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析提示血清SCCA水平与CRSwNP组织亚型具有明显的相关性并能较好地将两者进行区分[曲线下面积(AUC)=0.844,P=0.000]。结论CRSwNP患者血清SCCA表达上调且与组织嗜酸性炎症相关,其表达水平可能有助于术前鉴别CRSwNP亚型。     

Expression of prostaglandin D2 synthase in activated eosinophils in nasal polyps

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between prostaglandin D2 production and eosinophil accumulation. DESIGN: Screening and diagnostic tests. SUBJECTS: Nineteen patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. INTERVENTIONS: Nasal polyps were obtained from 19 patients at endoscopic sinus surgery. Eosinophils in nasal polyps were counted after hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunostaining with antibodies against 2 eosinophil markers-major basic protein and EG2. Hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase (HPGDS) expression was examined by semiquantitative Western blot analysis and by immunohistochemical staining with anti-HPGDS antibody. RESULTS: Nasal polyps were divided into 3 groups by the degree of eosinophilic infiltration. Western blot analysis revealed that HPGDS was more intensely and frequently expressed in the group with high infiltration than in the groups with low or medium infiltration. Hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase was immunohistochemically found in a subpopulation of EG2-positive eosinophils that had accumulated in the nasal polyps but not in the EG2-negative resting eosinophils. The ratio of HPGDS-positive eosinophils to EG2-positive eosinophils in the group with high eosinophil infiltration (mean+/-SD, 64.8%+/-19.2%) was twice that in the group with low eosinophil infiltration (30.5%+/-13.8%). CONCLUSION: Prostaglandin D2 was actively produced by an EG2 and HPGDS double-positive subpopulation of activated eosinophils that had infiltrated into nasal polyps.     

Notch通路在鼻息肉中的表达及其与调节性T细胞表达和嗜酸粒细胞浸润的相关性研究

目的:探讨Notch通路在鼻息肉中的表达及其与调节性T细胞（Treg细胞）表达和嗜酸粒细胞（Eos）浸润的相关性。方法:选择2012年11月至2018年8月期间在中山大学附属第三医院接受鼻内镜手术的慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）和鼻中隔偏曲的患者,分别作为CRS组和对照组。收集慢性鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉（CRSsNP）患者（30例,男...     

鼻呼出一氧化氮对慢性鼻窦炎诊断的临床应用价值

目的 探讨鼻呼出一氧化氮(nNO)在慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)临床诊断中的应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析135例CRS患者及40例非CRS患者的临床资料,包括患者nNO水平的差异,nNO水平与年龄、BMI、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数及百分比、CT Lund-Mackay评分及E/M比值的相关性,通过Logistic回归及ROC曲线分析nNO在CRS中的诊断应用价值。 结果 CRS组、CRSsNP组及CRSwNP组的nNO水平显著低于非CRS组(P<0.001),CRSwNP组的nNO水平显著低于CRSsNP组(P<0.001);eCRSwNP组及non-eCRSwNP组患者的nNO水平显著低于非CRS组患者(P<0.001),eCRSwNP组的nNO水平显著低于non-eCRSwNP组患者(P<0.05)。CRS组和CRSwNP组nNO水平均与E/M比值及Lund-Mackay评分呈显著负相关性(r=-0.423, P<0.001;r=-0.650, P<0.001;r=-0.434, P<0.001;r=-0.608, P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析发现nNO水平与CRS分型显著相关(P<0.01)。nNO对鉴别非CRS与CRS、CRSsNP及CRSwNP具有中度预测价值(AUC=0.849,P<0.001;AUC=0.771,P<0.001;AUC=0.894,P<0.001),对鉴别CRSsNP与CRSwNP具有中度预测价值(AUC=0.776,P<0.01)。对鉴别非CRS与non-eCRSwNP具有中度预测价值(AUC=0.861,P<0.001),eCRSwNP具有高度预测价值(AUC=0.910,P<0.001)。 结论 nNO水平对CRS、CRSsNP和CRSwNP、eCRSwNP和non-eCRSwNP的初步诊断以及鼻息肉病变范围的预测具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Increased expression of acidic mammalian chitinase in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

BACKGROUND: Chitin is an abundant polysaccharide found in fungi, insects, and parasitic nematodes. Innate immune host defense against chitin-containing pathogens include production of chitinases. In human lower airways, acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) is produced in epithelial cells via a Th2-specific, IL-13-dependent pathway, and may act as an inflammatory mediator in asthma. The role of AMCase in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has not been studied previously. METHODS: Eleven controls and 22 subjects with medically recalcitrant CRS were prospectively enrolled before undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. RNA was extracted from surgically obtained ethmoid mucosa, and real-time PCR was used to determine expression of AMCase, eotaxin, and IL-13. Subjects were followed for at least 6 months postoperatively to assess for polyp recurrence. Based on the presence or absence of polyps, the subjects were classified as either recalcitrant or responsive to therapy. RESULTS: AMCase mRNA was detected in the sinus mucosa of 72% of control subjects and in 72% of patients with eosinophilic CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The expression of AMCase was significantly greater in recalcitrant CRSwNP than it was in treatment-responsive CRSwNP. There was no significant difference in IL-13 expression between these two groups. CONCLUSION: AMCase may be an important mediator in the pathogenesis of Th2 inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. Failure of medical and surgical therapy in CRSwNP is associated with significantly increased expression of AMCase, but not the Th2 cytokines IL-13 and eotaxin. Additional studies are needed to determine the potential of AMCase as a therapeutic target in CRSwNP.