脑梗死合并肺部感染患者PCT、FIB、NEU变化

目的研究血降钙素原(PCT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、白细胞计数(WBC)及中性粒细胞计数(NEU)水平对大面积脑梗死合并肺部感染患者28 d预后的评估价值。方法选取湖北文理学院附属医院2016年3月-2019年3月收治的95例大面积脑梗死合并肺部感染患者(感染组)及50名健康体检者(对照组)为研究对象,抽取入组对象空腹肘静脉血,检测感染组患者入院后3、7、14 d外周PCT、FIB、WBC及NEU水平,并根据其28 d预后情况将感染组患者分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组患者入院3 d、7 d、14 d时PCT、FIB、WBC及NEU水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估PCT、FIB、WBC及NEU计数水平预测患者28 d预后的价值,Kaplan-Meier法比较不同PCT、FIB、WBC及NEU计数水平患者的28 d生存率情况。结果 95例大面积脑梗死合并肺部感染患者有26例死亡,病死率为27.37%,死亡组的年龄、吸烟史、合并糖尿病及肺部原发疾病、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma score,GCS)与存活组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);感染组患者血清PCT、FIB、WBC及NEU计数水平较对照组高(P0.05);存活组患者住院后3 d、7 d、14 d时PCT、FIB、WBC及NEU计数水平低于同时间点死亡组患者(P0.05);入院时PCT、FIB、WBC及NEU计数高于Cutoff值患者的28 d存活率均较低(P0.05)。结论动态监测血PCT、FIB、WBC、NEU计数变化趋势对判断大面积脑梗死合并肺部感染患者预后有一定临床价值。     

血清降钙素原在危重患者感染诊断中的应用

目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)对危重患者细菌感染的临床意义,分析PCT对患者预后评估价值.方法 选取ICU中69例细菌感染患者,将其分为一般感染组37例、重症感染组32例,并以30例非感染者作为非感染组,应用电化学发光法测定其血清PCT,荧光流式细胞计数法测定外周血白细胞(WBC)计数和透射比浊法测定C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,结果作统计分析.结果 一般感染组PCT、CRP、WBC阳性率分别为89.1％、91.9％、75.7％,明显低于重症感染组的96.9％、100.0％、87.5％(P＜0.05);一般感染组、重症感染组分别与非感染组比较PCT浓度有显著增高(P＜0.05),一般感染组和重症感染组患者的血清PCT水平均显著高于非感染组患者(P＜0.05);重症感染组患者的血清PCT水平显著高于一般感染组患者(P＜0.05);CRP、WBC在重症感染组与一般感染症组之间比较差异均无统计学意义,当感染得到控制后PCT浓度也随之下降.结论 血清PCT检测作为全身细菌感染早期诊断指标,在危重患者细菌感染诊断和预后临床治疗中具有较高的特异性和敏感性.     

血清降钙素原在重症监护病房患者感染中的诊断与应用

目的探讨血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)在重症监护病房(intensivecareunit,ICU)患者感染中的临床价值。方法选取ICU收治的60例细菌感染患者,将其分为重症感染组28例、一般感染组32例,另选30例健康人为对照组;采用免疫层析法检测PCT水平,透射比浊法检测C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平和荧光流式细胞计数法测定外周血白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)水平,并对部分患者血清PCT、CRP和WBC水平进行连续监测。结果重症感染组、一般感染组分别与对照组比较,PCT、CRP、WBC水平均有显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重症感染组的PCT、CRP比一般感染组有显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重症感染组的PCT阳性率明显高于一般感染组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CRP、WBC阳性率在重症感染组与一般感染组之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。连续监测结果显示,PCT水平与患者病情密切相关,CRP和WBC对治疗效果的提示作用不如PCT。结论血清PCT对危重患者的细菌感染有较好的特异性和敏感性,对判断感染的严重程度及预后也有重要的临床参考价值。     

降钙素原和C-反应蛋白在老年颅脑手术后颅内感染中的诊断及预后价值分析

目的分析降钙素原、C-反应蛋白在老年颅脑手术后患者颅内感染中的诊断及预后价值。方法选择2014年5月-2016年6月医院收治的神经外科老年开颅手术患者84例,按患者是否出现颅内感染将其分为感染组和非感染组,检测比较两组患者降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞水平(WBC),并对该指标的灵敏度及特异性进行比较评价。结果感染组患者的PCT、CRP、WBC水平在发生颅内感染后显著升高,明显高于非感染组(P<0.05);感染组患者经抗感染治疗后PCT及CRP水平逐渐恢复正常,其中PCT水平在治疗后第2天与感染当天出现显著性差异(P<0.05);而CRP水平在治疗后第3天与感染当天出现显著性差异(P<0.05);PCT诊断术后颅内感染灵敏度91.67%、特异度为88.89%;CRP诊断术后颅内感染灵敏度为89.13%、特异度为80.56%;WBC灵敏度为77.78%、特异度为72.22%;PCT检测的灵敏度、特异度、曲线下面积、95%CI为三个指标中最高,CRP的灵敏度和特异性则较WBC高。结论监测PCT及CRP的水平对老年颅脑手术后颅内感染患者的诊断具有良好的灵敏度及特异性,其PCT及CRP值的变化可有效帮助判断患者的预后。     

高血压脑出血患者肺部感染血清炎性指标与和肽素的变化及意义

目的 探讨高血压脑出血(Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage,HICH)肺部感染患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、和肽素的变化及与患者感染病情的关系。方法 选取2014年6月-2017年12月医院收治的120例HICH在医院接受开颅或微创血肿清除手术患者,根据患者术后是否发生肺部感染分为感染组38例、非感染组82例,对比两组患者术前及术后第1、3、5、7天的血清CRP、PCT、和肽素水平。结果 术后第1天,两组患者的血清CRP、PCT、和肽素水平差异无统计学意义;术后第3天,感染组患者的血清PCT、和肽素高于非感染组(P<0.05),而两组CRP差异无统计学意义;术后第5天、第7天,感染组患者的血清CRP、PCT、和肽素水平均高于非感染组(P<0.05);感染组患者术后第5天的CPIS评分为(7.79±0.66)分,CPIS评分与血清CRP、PCT、和肽素水平均呈正相关(P<0.05);感染组患者治疗5天后,血清CRP、PCT、和肽素水平较治疗前均降低(P<0.05)。结论 HICH并发肺部感染患者血清CRP、PCT、和肽素水平升高,三种指标与患者的肺炎病情严重程度具有一定的相关性,具有一定的临床价值。     

血清降钙素原对颅脑术后感染的诊断价值分析

目的分析血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)对颅脑手术后感染的诊断价值及颅内感染疗效评估价值。方法回顾性分析医院2014-2017年收治的57例颅脑手术后患者的临床资料,将患者分为颅内感染组(16例)、肺部感染组(17例)、中枢性发热无感染组(11例)以及无发热无感染组(13例)。比较患者血清PCT、外周血白细胞计数(WBC)以及脑脊液常规检查指标,评估血清PCT对颅脑术后感染的诊断价值。结果四组患者PCT、WBC计数比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肺部感染组PCT水平高于其他三组(P<0.05),颅内感染组与中枢性发热无感染组和无发热无感染组比较差异无统计学意义。颅内感染组患者WBC计数高于中枢性发热无感染组和无发热无感染组患者(P<0.05),与肺部感染组WBC计数比较差异无统计学意义;以颅内感染组为对照组,ROC曲线诊断肺部感染的敏感性为94.1%,特异性为62.5%。颅内感染患者治疗前与治疗后5 d血清PCT水平比较差异无统计学意义,脑脊液白细胞、葡萄糖水平治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清PCT对于颅脑术后颅内感染无诊断价值。血清PCT升高与否可用于颅脑术后肺部感染和颅内感染的鉴别。     

开颅术后颅内感染患者血清PCT、CRP、IFN-γ变化及临床意义

目的探讨颅脑手术后并发颅内感染患者血清降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、γ干扰素(Interferon-γ,IFN-γ)表达的变化及其临床意义。方法选取济南市人民医院2015年3月-2018年11月收治的颅脑手术后并发颅内感染患者67例,将其进一步分为重症患者(28例)和轻症患者(39例),同期选择经医院行颅脑手术后未合并感染患者69例作为未感染组。检测入院次日各组患者血清IFN-γ、PCT、CRP水平,检测感染组患者不同病程段血清PCT、CRP、IFN-γ水平,评价各指标诊断颅脑手术后并发颅内感染的价值。结果感染组患者血清PCT、CRP、IFN-γ水平高于未感染组(P<0.05);重症患者血清PCT、CRP、IFN-γ水平高于轻症患者(P<0.05);随着感染病程的延长,患者血清PCT、CRP、IFN-γ水平均升高,不同感染时间段患者血清PCT、CRP、IFN-γ水平的比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单指标检测中PCT诊断颅脑手术后并发颅内感染的价值、敏感度和特异度最高,多项指标联合检测可提高单一指标诊断颅脑手术后并发颅内感染的价值(P<0.05)。结论联合测定血清PCT、CRP、IFN-γ含量的变化,有助于颅脑手术后并发颅内感染的诊断,具有较高的临床价值。     

小儿肺炎支原体肺炎血清CRP、PCT、ESR水平与病情严重程度的关系

目的 探究小儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)水平与肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)病情严重程度的关系。方法 将医院2018年2月-2021年2月诊治的62例MPP患儿按照病情严重程度分为21例重症组与41例轻症组,另选取同时期健康体检的40名健康儿童作为对照组。对各组血清CRP、PCT、ESR水平进行检测,并分析其与MPP病情严重程度的关系。结果 重症组、轻症组血清CRP、PCT、ESR水平均比对照组高,且重症组比轻症组高(P<0.05);血清CRP、PCT、ESR水平与MPP患儿病情严重程度均呈正相关(P<0.05);MPP重症组急性期血清CRP、PCT、ESR水平比恢复期高(P<0.05)。结论小儿肺炎支原体感染血清CRP、PCT、ESR水平与MPP病情严重程度密切相关,可为临床诊治提供重要指导价值。     

血清PCT、CRP、NEU％及WBC检测在血流感染早期诊断中的价值

目的 探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEU％)及白细胞(WBC)在血流感染早期诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析本院2016年1月至2017年12月155例血培养阳性患者的检测结果,并对其血清PCT、CRP、NEU％及WBC的水平变化进行对比,应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价各指标对血流感染早期诊断中的价值。结果 155例血培养阳性患者中革兰阳性(G+)球菌106株(68.38%)、革兰阴性(G-)杆菌46株(29.68%)、真菌3株(1.94%);G-杆菌感染者PCT显著高于G+球菌感染者,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.09,P<0.05),G-杆菌感染者CRP、WBC、NEU％与G+球菌感染者CRP、WBC、NEU％比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.38、-1.59、-1.18、,P>0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,PCT、CRP、NEU％及WBC的ROC下面积(AUC)分别为0.651、0.556、0.444、0.405,PCT、CRP、NEU％及WBC的Youden 指数分别为0.288 8、0.162 0、0.232 2、0.185 4,PCT、CRP、NEU％及WBC的敏感度分别为56.35%、36.96%、26.09%、54.35%,PCT、CRP、NEU％及WBC特异度分别为74.53%%、70.25%、92.45%、68.87%。结论 PCT对血流感染的早期诊断价值优于CRP、NEU％、WBC,早期监测PCT有助于降低血流感染患者的病死率。     

重症感染儿童抗生素治疗前后降钙素原及白细胞水平变化及意义

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)水平对小儿重症感染患者接受抗生素治疗的指导意义。方法选取2014年1月-2016年2月在广元市中心医院接受治疗的66例患儿为研究对象,且入院时均未使用抗生素,记录其入院时体温、PCT、C反应蛋白(CRP)、外周血白细胞(WBC)水平以及预后情况。采用电化学发光法进行检测并分析和比较抗生素治疗前后患儿的PCT、CRP、WBC水平。根据感染的程度及PCT、WBC检查结果对患儿进行分组,其中重症细菌感染患儿19例为A组、局部细菌感染患儿17例为B组,非细菌感染患儿30例为C组,比较3组患儿的PCT、CRP、WBC的差异。结果 A组PCT,CRP,WBC的值均明显升高;B组CRP显著升高,而PCT,WBC轻度升高;C组PCT,CRP,WBC升高均不明显。A组与B组PCT,CRP,WBC水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组与C组PCT,CRP,WBC水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组与C组PCT,CRP水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而WBC的水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PCT水平对早期诊断临床细菌感染及判断细菌感染轻重有一定价值。动态检测PCT测定结果有利于评估抗生素的治疗效果,对合理应用抗生素治疗有较高的指导作用。     

有性才会有健康

性是基本的人权。根据我国著名的性学家史成礼教授的研究,性有“三大功能”:生育功能、享乐功能和健康功能。     

Communicating with people with dementia

It can be very difficult to communicate with people with dementia. Each case requires its own unique handling. Not every scenario is covered, as many times your own judgment is what will work, best according to the circumstances. These can change from dawn to evening and from day to day. Never assume things will be the way they were the last time you communicated. Be on your guard. Be adaptable. The article will help get you started to think of your own ways to communicate.     

Working with patients with physical disabilities

Medical practices need to make a number of adaptations to ensure that their facilities and staff are accessible to patients and other office visitors with physical disabilities. This article describes 10 specific strategies for preparing your medical practice for patients with disabilities, both inside and outside your office. It describes minimum standards for office doorways, sidewalk inclines, ramps, reception areas, and other adaptations medical offices need to make. The article also describes specific do and don't advice for communicating with patients with physical disabilities. It suggests strategies for preparing written materials for disabled patients, for communicating verbally, and for providing healthcare education. Finally, it suggests an appropriate role for medical practice staff in the delivery of healthcare services to patients with physical disabilities.     

经方汗证治验

临床上汗证病情复杂,分自汗、盗汗、黄汗和但头汗出,治疗汗证方药诸多,有益气固表、养阴清热和清热除湿等方法,疗效不一。受恩师刘健主任教导和《伤寒论》《金匮要略》病脉证并治启发,以脉证并治、方证对应思想,浅谈桂枝加附子汤、黄芪芍药苦酒汤、柴胡桂枝干姜汤和三物黄芩汤治疗汗证的经验,为经方治疗汗证提供新思路。     

Coping with Children with ADHD: Coping Styles of Mothers with Children with ADHD or Challenging Behaviours

Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can experience significant levels of stress in their parenting roles, however, little is known about the specific coping strategies used by these parents. This pilot study Investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of children with ADHD. A 34 item questionnaire was developed to identify maternal coping strategies. A cohort of 38 mothers of children with ADHD and a control group of 30 mothers of children without ADHD or any other disability/illness completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses produced three factors: Aggressive/Confrontive Coping, Rational Coping, and Indirect Coping. These factors are similar to coping dimensions proposed by Folkman and Lazarus. Comparisons between the two groups of mothers revealed that mothers of children with ADHD used significantly more Indirect Coping.     

Problems with measuring satisfaction with social care

The measurement of customer satisfaction has become widespread in both healthcare and social care services, and is informative for performance monitoring and service development. Satisfaction with social care services is routinely measured with a single question on overall satisfaction with care, comprising part of the Adult Social Care Survey. The measurement of satisfaction has been problematised, and existing satisfaction measures are known to be under‐theorised. In this article, the process of making an evaluation of satisfaction with social care services is first informed by a literature review of the theoretical background, and second examined through qualitative interviews conducted in 2012–2013 with 82 service users and family carers in Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton. Participants in this study were from white British and South Asian backgrounds, and the influence of ethnicity in the process of satisfaction evaluation is discussed. The findings show that the majority of participants selected a positive satisfaction rating even though both positive and negative experiences with services were described in their narratives. It is recommended that surveys provide opportunity for service users and family carers to elaborate on their satisfaction ratings. This addition will provide more scope for services to review their strengths and weaknesses.     

Ending clinical relationships with people with schizophrenia

The potential for the social worker-client relationship to contribute to therapeutic outcomes is not always apparent with clients who have schizophrenia. Their cognitive impairments often make it difficult for these clients to regulate interpersonal boundaries and for social workers to connect with them. Clinical practice is enhanced, however, by recognizing that severely impaired clients have the capacity and desire for relationships with service providers and others. The manner in which the clinical relationship ends is important for maintaining clinical gains and determining whether the client will risk investing in future relationships. The purpose of this article has been to sensitize social workers to the delicate nature of managing the endings of those relationships.