皮肤骨膜肥厚症一例

男性,27岁。自幼生长发育正常。23岁时不明原因出现手指、足趾皮肤增厚增粗,额纹、鼻唇沟纹逐渐加深,头皮增厚并呈脑回状。肢端逐渐肥大,下肢水肿,对称性膝、踝关节肿胀疼痛及活动障碍,外耳增大,汗多,皮脂多,并感易疲劳乏力,呈渐进性加重。一直未进行治疗。患者无心、肺及胃肠系统的疾病。父母非近亲结婚,亲属中无类似患者。     

腹肌间巨大脂肪瘤一例报告

1 病例资料 患者女性,66岁.因全身体表多发性肿物入院.患者于40余年前无明显诱因右腹部出现肿物,生长缓慢,渐高出皮肤,不伴疼痛及刺痒,自诉四肢亦逐渐出现肿物,均未行治疗.病程中患者无明显发热、贫血、消瘦.既往史:高血压病史20余年;2009年患腔隙性脑梗塞,经内科治疗后痊愈;无外伤史及手术史.体格检查:T36.0℃,P80次/min,R17次/min,BP20.0/14.7kPa.     

Cronkhite—Canada综合征1例报告

患者男性，55岁。2006年春出现腹胀，逐渐加重，伴毛发脱落、四肢远端出现散在褐色斑、指趾甲萎缩不平。胃镜检查：咽部乳头瘤、胃底体慢性糜烂性胃炎，行咽部乳头状瘤镜下切除术。术后第4d出现腹泻，呈黄色糊样或水样便，混有黏液，无脓血，最多时20次，d，每次20～50g，并伴乏力、便前腹痛、便不尽感。     

高颈段神经鞘瘤1例

患者女 ,3 3岁 ,因颈部及头枕部疼痛 3年余 ,进行性四肢麻木、无力 1年 ,于 1999年 7月 12日入院。患者自 1996年 6月开始出现右侧颈肩部及头枕部疼痛 ,劳累后疼痛加重 ,常以感冒诊治 ,后疼痛逐渐缓解。 1997年 3月渐感右手麻木 ,疼痛 ,逐渐发展至右下肢、左上肢及左下肢 ,行走时如踩棉花感 ,呈进行性加重。查体 :皮肤光滑 ,无皮下结节 ,四肢肌力均减退 ,右侧上下肢肌力为Ⅳ级 ,左侧上下肢肌力为Ⅴ -级 ,右侧肢体痛温觉较左侧差 ,双侧膝腱反射均亢进 ,双侧巴彬斯征 (± )。双手霍夫曼征 ( )。大小便无异常。颈椎Ｘ线片见 :颈椎生理曲度变直…     

青年重度颈椎黄韧带骨化1例

患者，女，24岁，半年前出现右下肢无力，左下肢皮肤感觉异常，无二便障碍。症状逐渐加重，2个月前出现双下肢无力，踏棉感，伴有痉挛性抽动，躯干以下皮肤感觉殿堂，颈部活动受限，过度活动呼吸困难。查体表现为严重的椎体束征，四肢肌力三级，肌张力高，病理反射阳性，踝阵挛阳性，C5以下皮肤感觉减退，浅反射存在。     

胸椎骨巨细胞瘤并动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例报道

骨巨细胞瘤多发于四肢长骨骨端,发生于脊柱者少见.我院于2011年2月收治1例胸椎骨巨细胞瘤并动脉瘤样骨囊肿患者,报道如下. 患者男性,24岁,因"右胸背疼痛2个月,加重伴行走不稳6d"于2011年2月21日来我院就诊.患者人院前2个月无明显诱因出现有胸背部隐痛,于我院门诊就诊口服中药等治疗后,自觉症状改善不明显.入院前6d因胸背痛在当地医院行推拿治疗后逐渐出现双下肢麻木、乏力,行走不稳,胸部有束带感,症状持续不能缓解并逐渐加重,小便有便意但排尿迟缓,便秘.近期体重无明显减轻.查体:T4、T5棘突叩击痛(+),双侧乳头以下皮肤感觉减退,腹壁反射消失,提睾反射消失,双下肢髂腰肌、股四头肌肌力3级,左(足母)背伸肌肌力3级,右弹背伸肌肌力2级,双膝腱及跟腱反射亢进,双侧巴氏征(+).     

氨甲蝶呤联合甲泼尼龙治疗胫前黏液性水肿一例

1临床资料1.1一般资料患者男,62岁,6年前无明显诱因出现心慌、乏力、易汗、食量增加及四肢震颤,伴双足背散在皮肤轻微隆起增厚,当时外院诊断“甲状腺功能亢进”,予他巴唑治疗后四肢震颤缓解,但双足背部皮肤隆起增厚无改善。近2年来,双足背部皮肤增厚、隆起加重,并蔓延至胫前侧,久站、寒冷等刺激后双小腿酸胀感明显,碰水后双下肢瘙痒。患者口服他巴唑治疗5年余,因甲状腺功能亢进症状未能完全缓解,于2014年10月在外院行双侧甲状腺切除术,术后3 d双下肢肿物缩小、质地变软,术后1个月余双小腿肿物症状反弹,并较前增大。患者既往体健,否认药物及食物过敏史,否认血丝虫病史,家族成员中无类似病史。2015年3月,患者因双下肢肿物肿大速度明显加快,夜间肿胀感加剧,生活质量明显受影响。     

坐骨结节囊肿误诊1例

正1临床资料患者女性,75岁。因"右侧臀部肿物伴疼痛20 d"就诊。患者20 d前无明显诱因出现右侧臀部肿物,伴肿胀感及触痛,逐渐加重。外院诊断"右臀部皮脂腺囊肿",经抗生素治疗后症状缓解不明显。超声检查示右臀部囊性肿物。无发热及其他不适,既往有高血压病史。查体见右臀部肿物约8 cm×8 cm,无红肿破溃,质地中等,压痛不明显,轻微波动感,基底活动度较近皮肤处差。盆     

爆炸伤残留异物定位及取出方法的改进

临床资料:患者女,31岁,因铁质雷管意外爆炸,造成四肢、胸腹部广泛皮肤软组织损伤及异物嵌顿。伤后2 d转入笔者单位。查体:见患者双乳房下各有1条已缝合的15 cm长横行裂口;上腹部可见20 cm×15 cm皮肤软组织缺损区,达深筋膜;面部、胸腹部、四肢均可见多处皮肤小裂口,可触及皮下异物(图1)。CT提示:双侧胸腔积液;胸腹部X线片显示:胸腹部及四肢广泛皮下金属异物。诊断:(1)爆炸复合伤。(2)广泛皮肤软组织内异物。立即给予补液抗休克等处     

多种穿支皮瓣在四肢创面修复中的临床应用

目的探讨应用多种穿支皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果及手术要点。方法自1995年1月至2019年3月,采用胫后动脉穿支皮瓣、股前外侧穿支皮瓣、腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣、胸背动脉穿支皮瓣等方法修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损256例。结果 256例患者中,一期成活205例;7例术后24 h内皮瓣出现少量散在的淡紫色淤点,局部应用抗血管痉挛药物治疗后顺利成活;43例发生血管危象,经手术探查后,36例成活,7例发生部分坏死,其坏死部分基底部已成活,最终行创面植皮修复;1例出现皮瓣边缘感染,经换药后逐渐愈合。术后随访6～36个月,移植皮瓣质地良好,外形较满意,受区肢体功能恢复良好。结论穿支皮瓣是修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损较理想的皮瓣。不同的穿支皮瓣有其各自的特点,应根据软组织缺损情况灵活选择,以达到受区外观良好及供区微创的目的。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.