Severe reversible renal failure due to naproxen-associated acute interstitial nephritis

Acute interstitial nephritis is uncommon in children and has very rarely been described with naproxen treatment. We report the occurrence of severe acute renal failure in a 10-year-old girl with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after 1 month of naproxen therapy. Renal biopsy showed severe acute interstitial nephritis. The patient recovered completely after discontinuation of naproxen and administration of methylprednisolone. A review of the literature regarding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated acute interstitial nephritis is provided. CONCLUSION: In an era of increasing popularity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for use in children, paediatricians should be aware of the potential renal complications of this class of drugs.     

Acute interstitial nephritis of probable pharmacological origin

Acute interstitial nephritis in children is rare. We present a case of acute interstitial nephritis in a 10-year-old boy, which was probably drug-induced. Initial symptoms included fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, alterations in urine analysis and mild renal failure. Treatment with steroids produced a good clinical response and renal function returned to normal within a few months.     

Acute interstitial nephritis. A cause of inflammatory renal glycosuria

The discovery of glycosuria with normal glycemia is generally interpreted as a consequence of a congenital tubular defect. Nevertheless it may be also the result of an acute interstitial nephritis. This conclusion is supported by the clinical and biochemical picture observed in two children, presenting with apparently unexplained fever and significant increase of inflammatory blood indices, in whom euglycemic glycosuria represented the critical finding for diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis.     

Nephrotic syndrome associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in two children

Two children with nephrotic syndrome in association with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use are described, and the literature concerning this association is reviewed. NSAIDs are drugs with the potential for causing significant renal toxicity including the nephrotic syndrome, interstitial nephritis, and renal failure even in children without obvious preceding renal disease. Children prescribed such drugs should be regularly monitored with urinalyses and plasma creatinine estimations. The possibility of toxicity to over-the-counter use of NSAIDs should be remembered.     

Naproxen nephrotoxicity in a 2-year-old child

The development of acute renal failure and interstitial nephritis due to therapeutic doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been documented repeatedly in adult patients but is rare in children. We report the occurrence of this complication in a child. Acute renal failure and hyperkalemia developed in a 2-year-old boy with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after one month of naproxen sodium therapy. The evidence of renal toxic effects became manifest after an episode of dehydration. A percutaneous renal biopsy specimen revealed interstitial nephritis. The patient recovered promptly after withdrawal of the drug.     

过敏性紫癜患儿血清miR-374b表达水平及其与并发肾炎的相关性

背景 过敏性紫癜常可累及肾脏,引发紫癜性肾炎,其远期预后与患儿肾脏受累程度关系密切,及早评估并发肾炎的可能性并给予针对性干预具有重要意义.目的 探讨过敏性紫癜患儿血清miR-374b表达水平及其与并发肾炎的相关性.设计病例对照研究.方法 病例组纳入过敏性紫癜患儿,分为并发肾炎亚组和未并发肾炎亚组;对照组纳入体检健康儿童...     

Allergies in children with metabolic nephropathies]

The authors describe the results of the follow-up of children of the early age (n-68) and senior age (n-42) with different allergic diseases and 77 children with metabolic nephropathies (oxalate nephropathy, pyelonephritis associated with metabolic disorders, interstitial nephritis). In both age groups, an interrelationship was established between renal pathology in the form of metabolic nephropathies and allergo-pathology. Children with different allergies manifested the high incidence of metabolic disorders, with crystalluria and erythrocyturia being mostly encountered in respiratory allergies whereas leukocyturia largely occurred in skin allergies. At the same time the high incidence of allergic reactions was revealed in children with metabolic nephropathies. A relationship was established between the signs of atopy with graver varieties of nephropathies. The presence of the common pathogenetic components in the development of allergic and renal pathology requires the inclusion of immunologic and nephrologic methods into the complex of those patients' examination and the consideration of those factors in the treatment policy.     

Crohn's enteritis and chronic tubulo-interstitial nephropathy in an adolescent

We report for the first time a case of Crohn's enteritis associated with a chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis in an adolescent. The illness started insidiously in an 11 year-old boy who had suffered from failure to thrive and protracted watery diarrhea. At presentation the patient had an inflammatory bowel disease located to the left colon but no renal dysfunction. Until the age of 15, the intestinal symptoms were stable but a progressive renal insufficiency developed. A percutaneous renal biopsy was then performed which showed a widespread chronic tubulo-interstitial nephritis. Following a 6 months corticosteroid treatment, renal dysfunction seemed to be stabilized. However, delayed growth and corticosteroid dependency led to total colectomy. Pathologic examination showed granulomatosis involvement of the entire colon and severe interstitial nephritis with neither linear nor granulous deposits along tubular basement membranes. After a 2 year-delay following the colectomy, renal function was stabilized and a catch up growth was achieved.     

Type 4 Renal Tubular Acidosis (Sub-type 2) Associated with Idiopathic Interistitial Nephritis

ABSTRACT. An 18-month-old girl presenting with anorexia and failure to thrive, was referred for adenoidectomy. Arterial hypertension was discovered on physical examination. Laboratory results revealed hyperkalaemic, hyperchloraemic, metabolic acidosis, with slight azotemia. Urinary aldosterone excretion and plasma renin were decreased. Renal biopsy showed idiopathic interstitial nephritis. The diagnosis of type 4 renal tubular acidosis, sub-type 2, i.e. primary hyporeninaemic secondary hypoaldosteronism was proposed. According to our knowledge, this disease has not previously been reported in young children, but is well known in azotaemic adults. We therefore propose the inclusion of this uncommon renal disease in the differential diagnosis of failure to thrive in childhood.     

紫癜性肾炎复发患儿的临床、病理、预后及复发因素分析

目的探讨紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)的复发因素及与预后相关的临床和病理特征。方法随访HSPN38例患儿2～15年,对获得的完整临床及病理资料进行分析,分别按其临床、病理类型,预后分级标准进行分类比较。结果患儿预后与起病时的临床分型、病理类型、小管间质损伤程度及正规治疗疗程密切相关,与发病年龄无关;在导致复发的因素中,感染、尤其上呼吸道感染最常见。结论为改善儿童HSPN预后,除积极控制感染、减少复发次数外,尽早肾活检、制定正规治疗方案极其重要。     

Type 4 renal tubular acidosis (sub-type 2) associated with idiopathic interstitial nephritis

An 18-month-old girl presenting with anorexia and failure to thrive, was referred for adenoidectomy. Arterial hypertension was discovered on physical examination. Laboratory results revealed hyperkalaemic, hyperchloraemic, metabolic acidosis, with slight azotemia. Urinary aldosterone excretion and plasma renin were decreased. Renal biopsy showed idiopathic interstitial nephritis. The diagnosis of type 4 renal tubular acidosis, sub-type 2, i.e. primary hyporeninaemic secondary hypoaldosteronism was proposed. According to our knowledge, this disease has not previously been reported in young children, but is well known in azotaemic adults. We therefore propose the inclusion of this uncommon renal disease in the differential diagnosis of failure to thrive in childhood.     

Unusual manifestations of histoplasmosis in childhood

Nine previously healthy children were seen with unique, and in several instances, unreported manifestations of acute histoplasmosis. Presenting manifestations included: obstructive airway disease; subacute parotitis; unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy; anterior mediastinal mass-simulating neoplasm; immune hemolytic anemia; a cutaneous lesion with regional lymphadenopathy; mediastinal mass and pericardial effusion; pulmonary infarction; and a symptom complex of cervical lymphadenopathy, CSF pleocytosis, arthritis, and interstitial nephritis. In eight children histoplasmosis was not initially considered, and the correct diagnosis was made only after complex, and sometimes invasive, diagnostic evaluation and considerable delay. All patients recovered fully without antifungal therapy. Reports of uncontrolled trials of new antifungal agents for treatment of histoplasmosis in immunocompetent hosts should be cautiously evaluated.     

Poststreptococcal nephritis--a rare disease?.

Forty-three children presenting with acute nephritis were studied for evidence of preceeding steptococcal infection. They were compared with a group of control children of similar age. Two-thirds of those with nephritis gave a history of a preceeding respiratory infection (compared with one-third of the controls). A significant rise of antistreptolysin O tire occurred in only 16 children with nephritis and within this minority several did not show a fall of serum C3 level. It is probable that only one-third of the children with acute nephritis had poststreptoccoccal glomerulonephritis. Poststreptococcal glomerulo-nephritis is no longer the main cause of childhood acute nephritis in the Leeds area. There may be many different aetiological factors and this diversity calls for more rigorous investigations and a more guarded prognosis.     

儿童毛细血管内增生性紫癜性肾炎19例临床及病理分析

目的探讨儿童毛细血管内增生性紫癜性肾炎(DEP-HSPN)的临床、病理、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析19例确诊为DEP-HSPN患儿的临床、病理、预后及其影响因素,随机选取同期入院行肾活检明确为HSPN但非DEP的55例患儿作为对照组。结果 19例DEP-HSPN患儿,男14例、女5例,平均年龄(10.6±2.6)岁;肾活检前病程(19.4±7.4)d;占同期肾活检紫癜性肾炎患儿3.92%。19例DEP-HSPN中10例为肾病综合征型,9例为血尿和蛋白尿型;均接受免疫抑制治疗,14例完全缓解,5例部分缓解;肾脏病理分级均为Ⅲb级,伴有6.38%~36.36%不等的新月体。DEP-HSPN患儿与病理均为Ⅲb级的55例年龄、性别相匹配的对照组患儿比较,肾穿前病程短、蛋白尿水平高、肾脏病理慢性损伤积分低,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05);新月体百分比两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论儿童DEP-HSPN起病急,临床表现重,组织活动性病变多而慢性病变少;尚无证据表明毛细血管内增生性病变是影响HSPN预后的危险因素。     

Acute renal failure due to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) should be ruled out in children with unexplained acute renal failure. We present a 4 1/2 year old girl who presented with oliguric acute renal failure preceded by a febrile illness. Renal histopathology revealed features of drug induced AIN. She recovered with dialysis, other supportive treatment and a course of steroids.     

小儿新月体肾炎临床研究

目的了解小儿新月体肾炎的临床特点及诊断和治疗。方法对我科近3年来经肾脏病理确诊的16例新月体肾炎患儿发病年龄、病因、临床特点,实验室检查特点、肾脏病理改变、治疗和预后进行分析。结果小儿新月体肾炎以>10岁的儿童多见,最常见的原因为IgA肾病,其次为紫癜性肾炎和狼疮性肾炎,以急进性肾炎表现的较少。本组患儿均有肉眼血尿,大量蛋白尿、血清肌酐清除率(Ccr)逐渐下降、血尿素氮(BUN)逐渐上升的发生率分别为87.5%、75%、62.5%,病理有广泛的细胞性及细胞纤维性新月体形成,治疗主要是激素加免疫抑制剂,联合抗凝,抗血小板治疗及对症治疗。结论(1)小儿新月体肾炎以IgA肾病为最常见的病因,对肉眼血尿并大量蛋白尿持续存在的患儿建议早期肾病理检查,早期诊断,及时治疗,坚持随访尤为重要;(2)治疗采用激素加用免疫抑制剂,先强化后维持的治疗方案。     

紫癜性肾炎患儿肾间质血管损害与临床的关系

目的探讨紫癜性肾炎患儿肾间质血管损害与肾脏病理及临床的关系。方法对肾穿刺活检确诊的39例紫癜性肾炎患儿进行肾间质血管损害、肾脏病理积分,并探讨其与临床的关系。结果1.肾脏病理检查中有不同程度肾间质血管损害者36例,占92.3%。其中轻度血管损害15例(38.4%);中度血管损害18例(46.2%);重度血管损害3例(7.7%)。2.肾间质血管中度与轻度损害组相比其血清清蛋白水平明显下降。3.肾间质血管病变积分与肾小球病变、肾间质纤维化、肾小管间质病变、肾脏总的病理损害积分均呈正相关。结论肾间质血管损害在绝大多数紫癜性肾炎患儿中存在,且与肾小球、肾小管间质病变呈正相关关系。     

小儿新月体肾炎临床研究

目的 了解小儿新月体肾炎的临床特点及诊断和治疗。方法对我科近3年来经肾脏病理确诊的16例新月体肾炎患儿发病年龄、病因、临床特点，实验室检查特点、肾脏病理改变、治疗和预后进行分析。结果 小儿新月体肾炎以〉10岁的儿童多见，最常见的原因为IgA肾病，其次为紫癜性肾炎和狼疮性肾炎，以急进性肾炎表现的较少。本组患儿均有肉眼血尿，大量蛋白尿、血清肌酐清除率（Ccr）逐渐下降、血尿素氮（BUN）逐渐上升的发生率分别为87．5％、75％、62．5％，病理有广泛的细胞性及细胞纤维性新月体形成，治疗主要是激素加免疫抑制剂，联合抗凝，抗血小板治疗及对症治疗。结论（1）小儿新月体肾炎以IgA肾病为最常见的病因，对肉眼血尿并大量蛋白尿持续存在的患儿建议早期肾病理检查．早期诊断，及时治疗，坚持随访尤为重要；（2）治疗采用激素加用免疫抑制剂，先强化后维持的治疗方案。     

Chronic inflammatory intestinal disease and nephritis]

An 11 year old CD-patient developed an interstitial nephritis and acute kidney failure following treatment with Mesalazine (5-ASA) and Salazosulfapyridine (SASP). After removal of the medication and treatment with hemofiltration and prednisone there was only an incomplete recovery of the renal function (creatinine-clearance 34 ml/1,73 m2/min). It is thought that an hyperergic-allergic reaction due to SASP and 5-ASA causes interstitial nephritis in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This reaction can be induced by re-exposition too. On the other hand IBD can be associated with glomerulonephritis. This could be a not very well known extraintestinal manifestation in IBD caused by immune-complexes in serum and glomerula. A rapid histological verification of the renal disease is necessary for successful treatment. In both renal manifestations chronic courses are possible. These observations should not lead to avoid SASP/5-ASA in treatment of IBD, but renal function should be routinely investigated.     

Recurrence of granulomatous interstitial nephritis in transplanted kidney

Vargas F, Gedalia A, Craver RD, Vehaskari VM. Recurrence of granulomatous interstitial nephritis in transplanted kidney.
Pediatr Transplantation 2010: 14:e54–e57. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology. Minor renal involvement is not rare but kidney failure is uncommon and only rare cases of recurrent disease in a kidney transplant have been published. We report a patient who at age 10 yr developed ESRD secondary to renal sarcoidosis with GIN. Her disease subsequently recurred in the transplanted kidney despite standard immunosuppression with prednisone, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil. The recurrent disease appeared to respond to increased immunosuppression, which included infliximab. However, the patient died of disseminated histoplasmosis three yr post‐transplant.