韩氏穴位神经刺激仪超前镇痛对妇科腹腔镜手术后疼痛影响

目的观察韩氏穴位神经刺激仪（HANS）超前镇痛对妇科腹腔镜手术后疼痛影响。方法选择妇科择期腹腔镜手术患者60例,随机分为两组（各30例）,A组选取双侧颈神经丛阻滞点＋双侧合谷穴电刺激作超前镇痛;B组为对照组,选择刺激点与A组相同,但不通电刺激。A组于HANS刺激前、刺激30min、术毕30min、术后8h四个时点抽取静脉血,B组抽血时间是与A组对应的四个时点抽取,采用酶联免疫试验（ELISA）检测2组患者血浆β-内啡呔变化,用视觉模拟评分（VAS）观察术后3、8、12、24、48h肩背痛、切口痛的发生率和程度。结果A组患者术后肩背痛发生率比B组低（P〈0．01）,术后各时点肩背痛VAS评分明显低于B组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,肩背痛、切口痛出现时间比B组晚及持续时间比B组短;A组术后48h内切口镇痛效果良好,各时间点VAS评分明显低于B组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论HANS超前镇痛,能有效地降低妇科腹腔镜术后肩背痛、切口痛的发生率及疼痛程度：     

韩氏仪超前镇痛在妇科腹腔镜术后肩背痛的临床应用

目的 评价韩氏仪超前镇痛在防治妇科腹腔镜术后肩背痛的临床疗效.方法 择期妇科腹腔镜手术患者90例,随机分为3组,各30例.术前A、B两组分别选取双侧新设穴+双侧合谷穴和双侧颈神经丛阻滞点+双侧合谷穴行穴位刺激;C组为对照组,不用任何预防措施.A、B两组于韩氏仪刺激前、刺激30min、气腹后1 h、术毕30min四个时点抽取静脉血.C组抽血时间与A、B两组对应的时点抽取,以酶联免疫试验检测3组患者血浆β-内啡呔变化,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)观察术后3、8、12、24、48h肩背痛的发生率和程度.结果 (1)A、B两组患者术后肩背痛发生率及VAS评分比C组低(P<0.05);(2)A、B两组电刺激后血浆β-内啡呔水平均有升高趋势,与电刺激前比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).B组于气腹后1 h、术毕30 min两点血浆β-内啡呔水平高于C组(P<0.05).结论 韩氏仪超前镇痛能有效降低妇科腹腔镜术后肩背痛的发生率及疼痛程度,其中双侧颈神经丛阻滞点+双侧合谷穴电刺激组效果更好.     

神经刺激仪颈丛麻醉行腔镜甲状腺手术的应用

目的神经刺激仪引导双侧颈丛阻滞术在腔镜下甲状腺手术中的临床应用。方法择期行甲状腺手术的患者60例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,均无甲状腺功能亢进、高血压和心脑血管病病史等颈丛阻滞的禁忌证。随机分为神经刺激仪引导颈丛阻滞术麻醉组（A组）和常规颈丛阻滞术麻醉组（B组）,以视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价两组麻醉效果,记录两组患者的麻醉并发症。结果两组患者麻醉后VAS评分有显著性差异,A组在切皮、甲状腺上极及峡部分离、缝皮时麻醉效果均优于B组（P〈0.01）,且麻醉并发症发生率明显降低。结论神经刺激仪引导应用于颈丛阻滞术麻醉可以改善麻醉效果,减少麻醉并发症,提高麻醉安全性,降低麻醉费用,还可适应于门诊日间颈部手术的应用。     

小剂量吗啡局麻复合液颈丛阻滞用于甲状腺手术

目的探讨甲状腺手术舒适有效的麻醉方式。方法选择48例甲状腺手术病人，随机分为含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液的试验组（A组）和不含吗啡的局麻复合液的对照组（B组）进行颈丛阻滞麻醉，分别观察起效、显效、维持时间和循环变化情况及术中病人反应、术后刀口疼痛情况。结果两组病人在麻醉效力作用时间方面无显著性差异；在循环系统变化上试验组比对照组明显更加稳定；术中病人对不适刺激的反应试验组比对照组明显少；试验组病人可以维持术后刀口无痛时间达12～23h以上。结论含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液颈丛阻滞麻醉用于甲状腺手术是一种优良、可靠且具有良好术后镇痛作用的麻醉方法。     

穴位镇痛对颈丛阻滞下甲状腺切除术麻醉效果的影响

目的 探讨甲状腺手术中穴位镇痛对颈丛阻滞的麻醉效果及心血管反应的影响.方法 拟行甲状腺手术患者40例,随机分为对照组(A组)和观察组(B组),每组20例.在0.375％布比卡因颈丛阻滞下,B组则在切皮前10 min于两侧合谷穴分别注入含哌替啶50 mg的5％葡萄糖溶液4 ml,共8 ml.结果 与麻醉前相比,两组麻醉后SBP、DBP和HR均上升(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);与A组相比,B组麻醉后SBP、DBP和HR较低;麻醉效果B组明显优于A组(P＜0.01).结论 穴位镇痛可增强颈丛阻滞的麻醉效果,减轻术中甲状腺和气管的牵拉反应,抑制颈丛阻滞的心血管反应.     

韩氏仪复合恩丹西酮对妇科腹腔镜术后恶心呕吐的疗效

目的 探讨韩氏仪穴位神经刺激与静脉注射恩丹西酮的联合应用对防治妇科腹腔镜手术后病人恶心、呕吐的疗效.方法 120例ASAI～Ⅱ级选择全麻下行妇科腹腔镜手术病人,以随机双盲法分为4组:A组韩氏仪穴位刺激 静脉注射恩丹两酮8 mg,B组单独应用韩氏仪穴位刺激,C组单次静脉注射恩丹西酮8 mg,D组静脉注射生理盐水4 ml.比较各组术后24 h内呕吐、恶心的发生率.结果 A、B、C组恶心呕吐发生率显著低于D组(P＜0.05),A组也显著低于B、C两组(P＜0 05),而B、C组间比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 韩氏仪穴位刺激联合静脉注射恩丹西酮能较有效降低妇科腹腔镜术后恶心、呕吐的发生率.     

小剂量吗啡局麻复合液颈丛阻滞用于甲状腺手术

目的探讨甲状腺手术舒适有效的麻醉方式。方法选择48例甲状腺手术病人,随机分为含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液的试验组(A组)和不含吗啡的局麻复合液的对照组(B组)进行颈丛阻滞麻醉,分别观察起效、显效、维持时间和循环变化情况及术中病人反应、术后刀口疼痛情况。结果两组病人在麻醉效力作用时间方面无显著性差异;在循环系统变化上试验组比对照组明显更加稳定;术中病人对不适刺激的反应试验组比对照组明显少;试验组病人可以维持术后刀口无痛时间达12～23h以上。结论含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液颈丛阻滞麻醉用于甲状腺手术是一种优良、可靠且具有良好术后镇痛作用的麻醉方法。     

颈丛神经阻滞麻醉术前应用长托宁的临床研究

目的研究长托宁（盐酸戊乙奎醚Penehyclidine hydrochloride）作为颈丛神经阻滞麻醉术前用药对甲状腺手术患者循环的影响。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级甲状腺腺瘤切除患者40例，随机分为长托宁组（A组n=20），东莨菪碱组（B组，n=20）。记录用药前，用药后10、20和30min，颈丛神经阻滞后10和20min，切皮及术中牵拉甲状腺上极时的收缩压（SBP），舒张压（DBP），心率（HR），脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）。结果东莨菪碱组患者血压心率多个时点高于基础值或高于同时点的长托宁组患者，而长托宁组患者血压心率平稳，部分时点甚至低于基础值。结论长托宁能够有效地控制颈丛神经阻滞导致的血压增高且不增加心率，较东莨菪碱更适合于作为颈丛神经阻滞麻醉患者的术前用药。     

地佐辛复合罗哌卡因在颈丛神经阻滞中的应用

目的观察地佐辛复合罗哌卡因用于颈丛神经阻滞的镇痛效果。方法将78例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级、接受颈丛神经阻滞行甲状腺切除术患者随机分为两组,A组39例,仅注入0.33%罗哌卡因15ml。B组39例,注入0.33%罗哌卡因15ml+地佐辛5mg,总共16ml。麻醉成功后记录麻醉起效时间及镇痛持续时间和不同时间VAS评分。结果 B组麻醉起效时间明显短于A组(P0.05),B组镇痛持续时间明显长于A组(P0.05),B组术后VAS疼痛评分低于A组(P0.05)。结论地佐辛复合罗哌卡因在颈丛神经阻滞下行甲状腺手术时可减轻疼痛,降低牵拉反应,延长镇痛时间,改善镇痛效果,减少术中及术后手术麻醉并发症。     

两种麻醉方法应用于甲状腺手术的效果观察

目的：探讨甲状腺手术舒适有效的麻醉方式。方法：选择甲状腺手术52例,随机分为含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液试验组（A组）和不含吗啡的局麻复合液对照组（B组）进行颈丛阻滞麻醉,分别观察作用起效、显效、维持时间和循环变化情况及术中病人反应、术后切口疼痛情况。结果：两组麻醉效力作用时间无显著性差异;在循环系统变化上试验组比对照组更加稳定;术中病人对不适刺激的反应试验组比对照组明显少;试验组可以维持术后切口无痛时间达12～23h。结论：含小剂量吗啡的局麻复合液颈丛阻滞麻醉用于甲状腺手术是一种优良、可靠且具有良好术后镇痛作用的麻醉方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.