金银花对大鼠免疫功能影响的研究

目的从分子水平探讨金银花对大鼠免疫功能的影响,为金银花的临床应用提供理论依据。方法 大鼠用金银花水煎剂灌胃2周后,分别检测其巨噬细胞吞噬功能,MTT法检测淋巴细胞转化能力,RT-PCR检测TH1细胞分泌的IL-2、TNF-α、IFN-γ的mRNA表达情况。结果服用金银花后能显著提高巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数,当金银花用量达到2.5 g/kg体重时,能增强机体的淋巴细胞转化率,以及增强Th1细胞分泌IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α。结论金银花水煎剂可明显增强机体的免疫功能。     

五种中草药提取液抗紫外线辐射作用的研究

目的分析葛根、黄柏、甘草、金银花和蒲公英等5种中草药提取液抗紫外线辐射作用。方法以水或50%乙醇为提取溶剂,分别对葛根、黄柏、甘草、金银花和蒲公英进行超声波辅助提取,测定其水提液、醇提液在波长280~400 nm范围内的紫外光谱,分析比较其抗紫外线辐射作用。结果 5种中草药醇提液的抗紫外线辐射作用均强于其水提液。在中波紫外区(280~320 nm),醇提液抗紫外线辐射作用大小顺序为:葛根黄柏金银花甘草蒲公英,水提液为葛根黄柏金银花蒲公英甘草。在长波紫外区(320~400 nm),醇提液抗紫外线辐射作用大小顺序为:黄柏葛根甘草金银花蒲公英,水提液为葛根黄柏金银花甘草蒲公英。结论在中长波紫外线区(280~400 nm),葛根和黄柏提取液具有较强的广谱抗紫外线辐射作用,且其醇提液抗紫外线辐射作用明显强于水提液。     

龟叶草不同化学组分对小鼠炎症抑制作用

目的 研究龟叶草不同化学组分对小鼠的抗炎镇痛作用.方法 采用小鼠耳肿胀法和醋酸致小鼠腹膜炎法来比较龟叶草的不同化学组分的抗炎镇痛作用.结果 2,5g/kg龟叶草水煎液、5g/kg龟叶草醇提液、5g/kg龟叶草总二萜提取液及5g/kg龟叶草多糖提取液均能较明显的抑制小鼠耳肿胀,抑制率分别为40.09%,87.35%,37.95%,40·09%,29.53%.5g/kg龟叶草水煎液、5g/kg龟叶草醇提液、5g/kg龟叶草总二萜提取液及5g/kg龟叶草多糖提取液均能较明显的抑制醋酸所致的小鼠腹膜炎,抑制率分别为66.45%,43.07%,39.71%,33.08%.结果 龟叶草化学组分对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀和醋酸致小鼠腹膜炎有明显的抑制作用.     

臭参鲜根对昆明小鼠便秘的影响

目的:探讨臭参鲜根水提液对昆明小鼠便秘模型的改善作用。方法:以盐酸洛哌丁胺法建立昆明小鼠便秘动物模型。观察臭参鲜根水提液对昆明小鼠便秘模型的作用影响。结果:臭参鲜根水提液低、高剂量组均能明显减少便秘模型小鼠肠内积粪,粪便含水率升高。结论:臭参鲜根水提液具有明显的缓解改善便秘的作用。     

矽肺大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能检测方法研究

目的研究适用于矽肺模型大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能的检测方法.方法气管注入法制备矽肺模型,分别两次通过气道、腹腔给予矽肺大鼠模型及正常对照动物卡介苗（BCG）.第2次免疫后35天气道注入鸡红细胞,评价肺泡巨噬细胞的吞噬功能.结果矽肺动物肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞百分率、吞噬指数都显著低于正常对照大鼠.结论本实验室应用的大鼠半体内肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定方法,简单适用,能反映动物肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能;矽肺动物肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能显著下降.     

塔本文都苏提取物对衰老小鼠血液和睾丸组织的 抗氧化作用研究

摘要:目的　本实验主要研究蒙药方剂塔本文都苏（Tabenwendusu,TBWDS）水提取液与乙醇提取液对衰老小鼠血液和睾丸组织抗氧化指标影响。方法　60只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、TBWDS高、低剂量组,用D-半乳糖连续皮下注射56 d复制衰老小鼠模型,同时灌胃给予TBWDS水提液和醇提液;采用 DTNB 法测定还原性谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性。酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清睾酮和睾丸端粒酶含量。结果　TBWDS水提液和醇提液均可明显提高衰老小鼠血液和睾丸组织GSH含量和GSH-PX活性,提高血清睾酮（TS）和睾丸组织端粒酶含量,用药组与衰老模型组比较有统计学差异（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）。结论　TBWDS水提液和醇提液均可明显提高衰老小鼠血液和睾丸组织抗氧化能力,具有延缓衰老的作用,但水提液和醇提液之间没有明显差异。     

黑米的抗氧化性及其与黄酮和种皮色素的关系

目的　研究黑米的抗氧化效果及与黄酮和种皮色素的关系。方法　以 1 2个种皮颜色深浅不同的代表性黑米品种为材料 ,用化学发光法分别比较其水提取液和 60 %乙醇提取液在不同浓度下对 Na2 S2 O4 体系产生的 O·2 的清除效果 ;分析其黄酮和种皮色素含量及清除率与黄酮和种皮色素含量的相关性。结果　黑米水提液和醇提液对 O·2 均表现较强的清除效果 ,其清除率与浓度有明显的量效关系 ;供试液的 IC50 (O·2 的清除率为 50 %时 ,供试液中黑米的含量 )值与黄酮和种皮色素含量呈显著和极显著负相关。结论　黑米具有一定的抗氧化性 ,其抗氧化性与黄酮和种皮色素有关     

护具复温对冻伤大鼠作用机制研究

目的：研究护具复温对冻伤模型大鼠的作用机制。方法：采用低温乙醇和水浸泡法制备大鼠的冻伤模型,测定模型大鼠及25、35、45℃护具复温后血流变学和部分免疫细胞因子、血栓戊烷B2（ThromboxaneB2,TXB2）、6-酮-前列腺素F1α（6-keto—prostaglandinF1α,6-keto—PGF1α）的变化。结果：与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血流变学指标、血清白介素-6（Interleukin-6,IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-β（TumorIleCFOSlSfactor-β,TNF—β）、TXB2显著升高（P〈O．01）、大鼠6-keto—PGF1α显著降低（P〈0．01）;与模型组比较,35℃护具复温组能够明显改善血流变学指标,降低血液黏滞度（P〈0．05）,能够明显降低IL-6、TNF—β、TXB2的含量,提高6-keto—PGF1a的含量（氏0．05）。结论：冻伤大鼠存在血液高凝滞、血栓易形成和免疫应激的状态,通过复温能够改善这些状态,以35℃复温温度最适宜,其机制可能是通过调节大鼠免疫功能和TXB2-PGF1α失衡而起作用。     

舟山海洋生物对创伤弧菌等抑菌活性研究

目的筛选海洋生物对创伤弧菌等微生物的抑菌活性。方法制备8种海洋生物的水提液、醇提液和超声提取液,用琼脂平板孔穴法(K-B法)初筛抑菌活性,采用试管倍比稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果 8种海洋生物的各种提取液除对鼠伤寒沙门菌无抑菌活性外,对创伤弧菌及其他试验菌均有不同程度的抑菌活性,其中孔石莼、泥螺、条斑紫菜的醇提液和超声提取液抑菌活性尤为明显;孔石莼的超声提取液对创伤弧菌和副溶血性弧菌的MIC均为15.63mg/ml,对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为62.5mg/ml,对大肠埃希菌和宋内氏志贺菌的MIC均为125mg/ml,泥螺超声提取液对创伤弧菌、副溶血性弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC均为62.5mg/ml,条斑紫菜醇提液对宋内氏志贺菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为62.5mg/ml和125mg/ml。结论孔石莼、泥螺、条斑紫菜的超声提取液和醇提液具有一定的广谱抗菌活性。     

人参提取液体外抗氧化性研究

目的研究不同溶剂中人参提取液的体外抗氧化性,为天然抗氧化剂开发提供理论依据,延长人参产业链,提高人参经济价值。方法通过单因素实验比较人参水溶性提取液、脂溶性提取液及不同浓度乙醇提取液对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)的清除作用、对食用油脂的抗氧化作用。结果人参提取液对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH具有一定的清除作用,还对Fe2+诱发多不饱和脂肪酸过氧化有明显的抑制作用,其中人参水提液、70%醇提液抗氧化性能较强,对超氧阴离子的清除作用最大,石油醚提取液抗氧化性较差;人参提取液对油脂氧化具有一定的抑制作用,其中70%醇提液抑制作用最强。结论人参提取液具有一定的抗氧化性,不同的萃取溶剂及浓度其抗氧化性强弱不同。     

生姜醇提物对荷瘤鼠免疫功能的影响

为了探讨生姜醇提物对荷瘤鼠免疫功能的影响 ,荷瘤鼠灌胃给药生姜醇提物 4 0g kg ,10g kg。以胸腺、脾脏的脏器指数、巨噬细胞吞噬率、α醋酸萘酯阳性率 (α -ANAE +)、溶血素 (IgM)为指标 ,研究生姜醇提物对非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能的影响。结果发现 :生姜醇提物能明显升高脏器指数 ,提高荷瘤鼠巨噬细胞吞噬率 ,使荷瘤鼠α ANAE阳性率和IgM得以回升。表明生姜醇提物能明显改善荷瘤鼠免疫功能低下的状态     

交通污染相关PM_(2.5)亚急性染毒对大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的建立交通污染相关PM_(2.5)大鼠亚急性染毒模型,研究其对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能、体液免疫和细胞免疫功能的影响。方法将24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,即对照组(生理盐水组)及低、中、高剂量PM_(2.5)染毒组(剂量分别为1.5、6、24 mg/kg)。采用气管内滴注PM_(2.5)混悬液的方式对大鼠进行染毒,隔天染毒1次,共染毒6次。采用中性红比色法测定肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能,MTT法检测T淋巴细胞增殖功能,ELISA法测定血清中IgG、IgM、IgA水平。结果大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞的吞噬功能随着染毒剂量的增加而下降,24 mg/kg PM_(2.5)染毒组大鼠的肺泡巨噬细胞吸光度(OD值)低于1.5 mg/kg PM_(2.5)组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。大鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖功能随着染毒剂量的增加而下降,各剂量PM_(2.5)染毒组大鼠刺激指数(SI)均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。大鼠血清IgG、IgM、IgA水平随着染毒剂量的增加而降低,6、24 mg/ml PM_(2.5)染毒组大鼠血清IgG水平低于对照组,1.5、6、24 mg/ml PM_(2.5)染毒组血清IgM、IgA水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论交通污染相关PM_(2.5)可能抑制大鼠的肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬功能、细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能。     

The potency of immunomodulatory herbs may be primarily dependent upon macrophage activation

Standardized extracts of Echinacea, cat's claw, and saw palmetto were each evaluated for ability to activate macrophage and natural killer cells, in vitro, using two independent measures of activation for each immune cell population. A standard series of exposure concentrations were tested for each herbal extract in a panel of four assays that evaluated macrophage phagocytosis, macrophage synthesis of interleukin-12, natural killer (NK) cell cytocidal activity (synthesis of granzyme B), and NK cell synthesis of interferon-gamma. Macrophage phagocytosis was stimulated by all three herbs tested: saw palmetto (up to 2.3-fold, P < .05), Echinacea (up to 3.6-fold, P < .01), and cat's claw (up to 4.7-fold, P < .01). Additionally, NK cell synthesis of interferon-gamma was stimulated by saw palmetto (up to 6.3-fold, P < .01) and Echinacea (up to 8.1 fold, P < .01) but not by exposure to cat's claw. None of the three herbs stimulated macrophage synthesis of interleukin-12 or NK cell synthesis of granzyme B. Comparison of the in vitro data with our earlier observations that cat's claw and Echinacea (but not saw palmetto) were each effective in reducing B16/F10 lung tumor colony formation in C57BL/6J mice suggests macrophage activation is the primary means by which these herbs modulate the immune system. Thus, macrophage activation (phagocytosis) may provide a potentially higher throughput method to identify herbal extracts with in vivo stimulatory effects.     

Effects of dietary restriction on cellular immunity in rats

Phagocytosis of opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by alveolar macrophages (AM) was measured in rats fasted for 1 to 9 days or fed on diets restricted 20 to 95% compared to control group for 2 and 8 weeks. In rats fasted for 1 to 6 days, AM showed an increased phagocytosis at 2 days after fasting, but their phagocytic activity remarkably decreased afterwards. Furthermore, phagocytic activity of AM per rat revealed much more decrease at 3 to 6 days after fasting. Then the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by AM increased with prolonged fasting, but the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by AM cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) conversely decreased in rats fasted for 2 days or longer. The proliferation of splenocytes increased with prolonged fasting. On the other hand, 20 to 95% restricted diets induced the increased phagocytosis of AM with prolonged experimental period. However, phagocytic activity of AM per rat showed significant increase only in rats on a 40% restricted diet. The findings suggest that differences in both duration and degree of dietary restriction modulate phagocytic function of AM, and may contribute to explaining, in part, conflicting observations which have been obtained on the immunologic state in malnourished animals.     

Long-term effect of early protein malnutrition on growth curve, hematological parameters and macrophage function of rats

To evaluate the long-term effect of mild-early maternal protein malnutrition on weight gain, hematological parameters and macrophage function in rats at adult age, we compared rats whose dams were fed diets containing either 9.5% (low protein-LPD) or 23% protein (normal-NPD) for the first 12 d of lactation. At 80 d of age, the functions of spreading, phagocytosis and killing Candida albicans were determined in resident peritoneal macrophages, whereas leukocytes and red blood cells were counted in peripheral blood. The number of resident peritoneal macrophages from LPD was the same as from NPD, but the ability of spreading and phagocytosing opsonised yeast was impaired. Besides, they were not able to block the germ tube formation or kill C. albicans to the same extent as in the control group. The low protein diet produced a significant reduction in the pups' growth and in hematological parameters although no difference was found in leukocyte counts. Taken together the data suggest that protein malnutrition during early lactation induces permanent alterations in macrophage function, body composition and hematological status, which are not restored completely even after a normal protein diet is supplied.     

抗坏血酸(VC)对氯化锂诱导的腹腔巨噬细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的观察抗坏血酸(VC)对氯化锂诱导的腹腔巨噬细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法采用体外细胞培养法测定在VC(10、20、40、60、80、100μg//L)和氯化锂(50μg//L)作用下,测定体外VC和氯化锂对腹腔巨噬细胞的细胞抑制率、NO、H2O2及O2-指标。结果在各剂量VC和氯化锂作用下,巨噬细胞吞噬功能受到明显抑制,细胞抑制率分别为83.9%、87.5%、92.2%、96.9%,且呈现剂量-反应关系。巨噬细胞产生NO、H2O2及O2-的含量也受到明显抑制,呈现剂量-反应关系。结论 VC对巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,NO、H2O2及O2-等生物分子的产生均有明显促进作用,因此认为VC可影响巨噬细胞的非特异性防御功能。     

烹调油烟对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞的损伤作用

为探讨烹调油烟对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞的影响,给大鼠吸入烹调油烟,采用支气管肺泡灌洗法获得大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞,进行检测。结果显示油烟组大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞数,膜流动性和吞噬功能均不同程度低于对照组。说明烹调油烟可以造成肺泡巨噬细胞损伤。肺泡巨噬细胞受损在烹调油烟与人类肺癌相关关系中可能起重要作用。     

微波辐射对小鼠免疫功能影响

目的 研究微波辐射对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法微波辐射后测定血清IgG浓度，T淋巴细胞，酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶（ANAE）阳性率，腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能，小鼠胸腺、脾脏指数。结果与对照相比。1，5mW／cm^2组IgG含量明显升高（P〈0．01），15mW／cm^2组则显著降低（P〈0．01）；各辐射组ANAE阳性率均显著降低（P〈0．01）；1mW／cm^2组吞噬率有显著提高（P〈0．05）；与对照组相比。脾脏指数在15mW／cm^2组明显下降。在辐射21d后。暴露组小鼠血清IgG浓度明显增高（P〈0．05）；微波辐射15，21d后，暴露组吞噬率、吞噬指数与对照组相比显著降低（P〈0．01）；辐射9，21d后脾脏指数较对照组显著增高（P〈0．01）。结论微波辐射对小鼠机体免疫功能具有明显的影响，表现为体液免疫、细胞免疫和非特异免疫功能的改变。微波对免疫功能的影响因微波辐射的强度和辐射时间的不同而有不同的表现。     

Complement facilitates macrophage phagocytosis of inhaled iron particles but has little effect in mediating silica-induced lung inflammatory and clearance responses.

Complement-mediated mechanisms are known to play a role in pulmonary inflammation and clearance responses to some types of inhaled particles. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the role of complement in mediating pulmonary inflammation and/or phagocytosis as a function of particle clearance in rats exposed to silica or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Both particle types were shown to be weak activators of serum complement in vitro. In these studies, normal and complement-depressed (CVF-treated) rats were exposed to aerosols of CI or silica particles for 6 hr at 100 mg/m3. Following exposure, alveolar fluids and cells from sham and dust-exposed animals were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at several time periods postexposure and measured for a variety of biochemical and cellular indices. In addition, pulmonary macrophages were cultured and studied for morphology and phagocytosis. Our results showed that CI exposure did not produce cellular or biochemical indices of pulmonary inflammation, either in normal or complement-depleted rats. However, fewer phagocytic macrophages were recovered from the lungs of CVF-treated, CI-exposed rats than from normal exposed animals. In contrast, silica inhalation produced a sustained PMN inflammatory response in the lungs of exposed rats, measured up through 1 month postexposure, along with significant increases in BAL fluid levels of LDH, protein, and alkaline phosphatase (P less than 0.05) and deficits in pulmonary macrophage phagocytic functions. Cobra venom factor (CVF) treatment prior to exposure in rats had no significant effect upon the silica-induced parameters, suggesting that complement may not play an important role in the acute pulmonary response to silica. The results indicate that complement may play a role in mediating CI-related macrophage clearance responses but has little effect upon sustained silica-induced pulmonary inflammatory parameters.