经内镜逆行胰胆管造影胆道金属支架置入治疗不可切除肝外胆道恶性梗阻的效果观察

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)胆道金属支架置入对于肝外胆道恶性梗阻的临床疗效及安全性。方法收集2010年1月-2015年12月郑州大学第二附属医院收治的不可切除性肝外胆道恶性梗阻患者40例。根据手术方法不同分为经皮经肝胆管穿刺引流术(PTCD)组和ERCP组各20例。观察2组患者支架通畅期和生存期、术后临床疗效、术后并发症发生情况、术后住院时间等指标。计量资料组间比较采用t检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验或校正的χ2检验。2组支架通畅期和生存期的比较采用Kaplan-Meier法对数秩检验。结果 ERCP组患者的支架通畅期[(225.6±52.5)d vs(156.3±44.5)d]、生存期[(335.6±42.5)d vs(225.5±42.5)d]较PTCD组均明显延长(t值分别为11.45、10.46,P值均<0.05)。ERCP组患者术后发生腹痛(7例)少于PTCD组(10例),差异有统计学意义(35.0%vs 50.0%,χ2=9.45,P<0.05)。ERCP组患者术后严重并发症发生率显著低于PTCD组(10.0%vs 30.0%,χ2=7.49,P<0.05)。与PTCD组相比,ERCP组患者的住院时间更短[(12.4±2.5)d vs(19.8±4.0)d,t=10.67,P<0.05]。结论 ERCP支架置入与PTCD解除胆道恶性梗阻疗效相近,但ERCP术后胆道通畅时间、生存期长,并发症少,住院时间短。因此对于肝外胆道恶性梗阻患者,采用ERCP临床疗效更好,安全性更高。     

全覆膜自膨式金属支架治疗难治性胰管良性狭窄的长期疗效观察（含视频）

目的　评价全覆膜自膨式金属支架治疗难治性胰管良性狭窄的安全性和长期疗效。方法　收集南京鼓楼医院消化内镜中心2013年3月—2020年7月经全覆膜自膨式金属支架治疗的18例难治性胰管良性狭窄患者资料进行回顾性分析。主要观察指标包括技术成功率、临床成功率、全覆膜自膨式金属支架副作用及长期疗效。结果　18例患者均成功置入全覆膜自膨式金属支架,技术成功率100.0%（18/18）。18例患者支架置入后的腹痛评分明显低于置入前［2.00（1.75,3.00）分比6.00（5.00,7.00）分,Z=-3.572,P<0.001］。支架置入后疼痛评分较置入前减少> 50%的有15例,临床成功率83.3%（15/18）。支架置入后,出现不能忍受的腹痛3例,支架诱导的新狭窄2例,支架远端移位2例。所有患者成功拔除支架,支架置入时间137.5（59.0,417.0）d。拔除支架后狭窄上游扩张胰管直径［9.1（6.7,14.1）mm］比支架置入前［11.0（7.6,16.2）mm］明显减少（Z=10.508,P<0.001）。长期随访14例患者,随访时间37~1 246 d,10例患者保持无临床症状,4例复发。结论　全覆膜自膨式金属支架治疗难治性胰管良性狭窄安全有效且可维持长期疗效。     

内镜支架引流治疗肝细胞肝癌所致肝门部胆管恶性梗阻的疗效分析

目的　评估无法手术切除的肝细胞肝癌所致肝门部胆管恶性梗阻患者的内镜支架引流疗效。方法　回顾性分析2012年1月—2019年1月在海军军医大学第三附属医院因无法手术切除的肝细胞肝癌导致肝门部胆管恶性梗阻而行内镜支架引流的106例患者的临床资料。根据置入支架类型的不同，分为金属支架组（30例）和塑料支架组（76例）。观察指标包括临床成功率、并发症发生率、支架通畅期及总体生存时间。采用多因素Cox回归模型分析患者支架通畅期和总体生存时间的独立预测因素。结果　患者的总体临床成功率为67.9%（72/106），术后胆管炎发生率为29.2%（31/106）。金属支架组与塑料支架组的临床成功率分别为93.3%（28/30）和57.9%（44/76） （χ2=12.40，P<0.001），术后胆管炎发生率分别为13.3%（4/30）和35.5% （27/76）（χ2=5.12，P=0.024）。中位支架通畅期为5.2（95%CI：3.7~6.0）个月，中位总体生存时间为3.0（95%CI：2.5~3.7）个月。多因素Cox回归分析显示肝脏引流体积<30%是支架通畅期的独立预测因素（HR=2.12， 95%CI：1.01~4.46，P=0.048）。BismuthⅣ型（HR=2.06， 95%CI：1.12~3.77，P=0.020）、Child⁃Pugh C级（HR=4.09， 95%CI：2.00~8.39，P<0.001）、塑料支架（HR=1.87，95%CI：1.21~2.90，P=0.005）是总体生存时间的独立预测因素。结论　肝细胞肝癌一旦累及肝门部胆管预后不良。与塑料支架相比，金属支架引流在临床成功率、术后胆管炎发生率方面均具有一定优势。肝脏引流体积<30%是支架通畅期的独立预测因素，而Bismuth Ⅳ型、Child⁃Pugh C级、塑料支架为总体生存时间的独立预测因素。     

全覆膜与非覆膜金属支架治疗胆道恶性梗阻随机对照研究

目的 比较全覆膜金属支架与非覆膜金属支架治疗胆道恶性梗阻的有效性和安全性.方法 2010年10月至2012年8月无法手术根治性切除胆道恶性梗阻病例,随机分为两组,A组置入全覆膜金属支架,B组置入非覆膜金属支架,观察治疗效果及并发症情况.结果 共入组81例患者,其中A组41例,B组40例,两组均成功置入支架,达到有效引流目的.A组支架开放中位时间182.5 d,B组支架开放中位时间195.0 d,两组间支架开放时间差异无统计学意义(P=0.616).A组发生并发症3例(7.3％),B组发生4例(10％).结论 全覆膜金属支架与非覆膜金属支架治疗胆道恶性梗阻均安全有效,通畅时间相似.     

经内镜胆道支架置入治疗35例恶性梗阻性黄疸疗效分析

目的探讨经十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影（ER-CP）置入胆道内支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床疗效。方法 35例恶性梗阻性黄疸的患者,均行ERCP（经内镜逆行胰胆管造影）术,根据情况置入不同规格支架,观察治疗效果和3个月、6个月生存率。结果 32例患者插管成功,插管成功率为91.43%,其中10例置入金属支架,22例置入塑料支架。术后并发急性胰腺炎2例（6.25%）,经治疗后痊愈。成功置入支架的32例患者术后黄疸逐渐消退,皮肤瘙痒等症状明显缓解或消失,血清总胆红素从（230.85±83.81）μmol/L下降到术后1周（121.88±52.27）μmol/L（P〈0.01）,支架组随访26例中总体3个月、6个月存活分别达到92.30%及76.92%。结论经十二指肠镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）置入胆道内支架治疗恶性胆道梗阻疗效确切,对于解除恶性梗阻性黄疽、缓解症状、提高患者生存质量、延长生命具有较满意效果。     

小肠减压管联合结肠金属支架置入治疗恶性结肠梗阻的临床研究

目的 探索小肠减压管联合结肠金属支架置入治疗恶性结肠梗阻的临床价值。方法 回顾性队列研究收集2010年6月至2018年9月在浙江大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院消化科因恶性结肠梗阻接受消化内镜治疗的患者，根据治疗方案，分为小肠减压管联合结肠金属支架置入组（联合组）和单纯结肠金属支架置入组（单纯组），比较两组在支架操作成功率、并发症发生率、后续外科手术吻合方式及并发症发生率、住院天数及治疗费用等方面的差异。结果 共纳入83例患者，其中联合组18例，单纯组65例，两组患者一般情况比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。联合组与单纯组支架置入成功率比较差异无统计学意义[100%（18/18）比 98.5%（64/65），?2=0.280，P=0.597），支架置入术后并发症发生率比较差异也无统计学意义[5.6%（1/18）比 21.9%（14/64），?2=2.432，P=0.119）。联合在有8例、单纯组有24例在我院行外科手术治疗，联合组支架置入到外科手术时间（6.75±1.28）d，短于单纯组的（9.58±5.76）d（t=3.649，P=0.000），联合组外科术后感染并发症发生率12.5%（1/8），低于单纯组的54.2%（13/24）（P=0.045）。两组手术吻合方式、住院天数、住院费用比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 内镜下金属支架置入或联合小肠减压管治疗恶性肠梗阻安全有效，且金属支架置入前使用小肠减压管可缩短接受外科手术时间，降低外科手术后感染发生率。     

全覆膜自膨式金属支架治疗难治性胰管良性狭窄的长期疗效观察(含视频)

目的评价全覆膜自膨式金属支架治疗难治性胰管良性狭窄的安全性和长期疗效。方法收集南京鼓楼医院消化内镜中心2013年3月—2020年7月经全覆膜自膨式金属支架治疗的18例难治性胰管良性狭窄患者资料进行回顾性分析。主要观察指标包括技术成功率、临床成功率、全覆膜自膨式金属支架副作用及长期疗效。结果 18例患者均成功置入全覆膜自膨式金属支架, 技术成功率100.0%(18/18)。18例患者支架置入后的腹痛评分明显低于置入前[2.00(1.75, 3.00)分比6.00(5.00, 7.00)分, Z=-3.572, P<0.001]。支架置入后疼痛评分较置入前减少> 50%的有15例, 临床成功率83.3%(15/18)。支架置入后, 出现不能忍受的腹痛3例, 支架诱导的新狭窄2例, 支架远端移位2例。所有患者成功拔除支架, 支架置入时间137.5(59.0, 417.0)d。拔除支架后狭窄上游扩张胰管直径[9.1(6.7, 14.1)mm]比支架置入前[11.0(7.6, 16.2)mm]明显减少(Z=10.508, P<0.001)。长期随访14例患者, 随访时间37～1...     

超细推送系统金属支架在肝门胆管恶性狭窄中的应用

目的　探讨超细金属支架治疗肝门胆管恶性狭窄的可行性、有效性和安全性。方法　2014年1月—2021年6月在东方肝胆外科医院消化内科根据影像学或组织学和（或）细胞学诊断为Bismuth Ⅱ型以上肝门胆管恶性狭窄的30例患者,使用超细推送系统金属支架,采用同步并行置入法置入胆管双侧金属支架。分析其技术成功率、临床疗效及并发症发生率。结果　技术成功率为100.0%（30/30）,临床成功率为93.3%（28/30）,操作时间（55.7±20.7）min, 金属支架置入时间（28.3±18.2） min。早期不良事件包括轻度急性胰腺炎2例和胆管炎5例。支架半数通畅时间为243 d （95%CI： 186.6~299.4 d）,患者半数生存期为237 d （95%CI：149.0~325.0 d）。晚期胆管炎发生率为36.7% （11/30）。14例患者出现支架失效,其中5例接受内镜下再介入。双侧金属支架腔内再置入支架技术成功率为4/5,操作时间为（49.8±6.9）min。结论　内镜下同步并行放置双侧超细金属支架治疗肝门胆管恶性狭窄是安全、可行、有效的。 结果 技术成功率100%（30/30例）,临床成功率93.3%(28/30例),操作时间55.7±20.7分, 金属支架置入时间28.3±18.2分。早期不良事件包括轻度急性胰腺炎2例和胆管炎5例。支架中位通畅时间为243 d (95% CI 186.6-299.4 d),中位生存期为237 d (95% CI 149.0-325.0 d)。晚期胆管炎发生率为36.7% (11/30)。14例患者出现支架失效,其中5例受内镜下再介入。双侧金属支架腔内再置入支架技术成功率为80%（4/5）,操作时间为49.8±6.9分。 结论 内镜下同步并行放置双侧超细推送系统金属支架治疗肝门胆管恶性狭窄是安全、可行、有效的。     

跨越十二指肠主乳头平行放置双侧金属支架治疗肝门部胆管恶性狭窄的临床研究（含视频）

目的探讨内镜下跨越十二指肠主乳头平行放置双侧胆管金属支架治疗肝门部胆管恶性狭窄的成功率和疗效。方法回顾性纳入2012年1月—2018年12月在上海东方肝胆外科医院内镜中心采用改良内镜引流技术（内镜下跨越十二指肠主乳头平行放置双侧金属支架）治疗的肝门部胆管恶性狭窄（Bismuth Ⅱ~Ⅳ型）患者共55例,分析技术成功率、临床成功率、并发症发生率、内镜下双侧胆管再干预成功率、支架通畅期和生存时间。结果内镜下跨越十二指肠主乳头平行放置双侧金属支架技术成功率为96.4%（53/55）,临床成功率为96.2%（51/53）,早期并发症发生率为13.2%（7/53）,支架中位通畅期为9.2个月（95%CI：8.0~10.3个月）,双侧胆道系统的内镜再干预成功率为92.3%（12/13）,患者的中位生存时间为6.7个月（95%CI：4.7~8.8个月）。结论改良的双侧金属支架置入法治疗无法手术的肝门部胆管恶性狭窄是安全和有效的。     

内镜下金属支架引流术治疗肝门部胆管癌和肝外恶性胆道梗阻临床观察

临床上恶性胆道梗阻性疾病预后较差。对于不能手术切除者,通常选择内镜下置人胆道支架以解除梗阻,然而该技术对进展期肝门部肿瘤的疗效报道不一。目的：探讨内镜下金属支架引流术对肝门部胆管癌和肝外恶性胆道梗阻的疗效和并发症发生情况。方法：纳入上海交通大学附属第一人民医院2006年6月～2009年6月收治的82例接受ERCP下置入自膨式金属胆道支架引流治疗的恶性胆道狭窄患者,根据病变部位分为肝门部胆管癌组和肝外恶性胆道梗阻组,对其ERCP参数和术后6个月随访记录进行回顾性分析,并分析随访期间急性胆管炎发生的危险因素。结果：两组支架置入成功率均为100％。与肝外恶性胆道梗阻组相比,肝门部胆管癌组术后1周总胆红素降低显效率较低,术后6个月内急性胆管炎发生率增高,初次发生时间提前,支架再狭窄率增高（P=0．000）。ERCP术中括约肌切开为随访期间发生急性胆管炎的危险因素（P=0．004,OR：8．196）。结论：内镜下金属支架引流术对肝门部胆管癌的疗效不及肝外恶性胆道梗阻,且更易早期发生急性胆管炎和支架再狭窄,术中括约肌切开可增加术后急性胆管炎的发生风险。     

Long-term outcomes of drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in large coronary arteries

Background

Long-term (> 3 years) outcomes of drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare-metal stents (BMS) in large coronary arteries were not conclusive. In addition, large coronary vessels were defined using a wide size range (≥ 3.0 mm) in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy of DES versus BMS in subgroups of different vessel sizes.

Methods

A total of 1096 patients (1342 lesions) who underwent either DES or BMS implantation in large coronary vessels was followed for a mean duration of 4.5 years. Patients were divided into 4 subgroups by the reference vessel diameters (Q1: 3.0–3.25 mm, Q2: 3.26–3.50 mm, Q3: 3.51–3.75 mm, and Q4: 3.76–4.50 mm). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and stent thrombosis. The propensity score-adjusted Cox regression method was applied.

Results

In the 3 subgroups with smaller vessel sizes, the adjusted risk of MACE in DES recipients was reduced by 82% in Q1 (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.38), 49% in Q2 (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.26–0.98), and 67% in Q3 (HR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.73). However, in the largest vessel subgroup (> 3.75 mm), all clinical outcomes were not significantly different irrespective of the stent type used.

Conclusions

The incidence of MACE in 3.0–3.75 mm vessels was significantly reduced by the use of DES than by the use of BMS during a long-term follow-up. However, DES lost its benefit in > 3.75 mm vessels.     

Outcomes of diabetics receiving bare‐metal stents versus drug‐eluting stents

Objectives : We sought to determine if differences existed in in‐hospital outcomes, long‐term rates of target vessel revascularization (TVR), and/or long‐term mortality trends between patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with either a drug‐eluting stent(s) (DES) or a bare metal stent(s) (BMS). Background : Short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes of patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing PCI with DES versus BMS remain inconsistent between randomized‐controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Methods : Data were collected prospectively on diabetics undergoing PCI with either DES or BMS from January 2000 to June 2008. Demographic information, medical histories, in‐hospital outcomes, and long‐term TVR and mortality trends were obtained for all patients. Results : A total of 1,319 patients were included in the study. Diabetics receiving DES had a significant reduction in index admission MACE compared to diabetics receiving BMS. Using multivariable adjustment, after a mean follow‐up of 2.5 years (maximum 5 years), diabetics who received DES had a 38% decreased risk of TVR compared to diabetics with BMS [HR 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43–0.90)]; diabetics with DES had an insignificant adjusted improvement in long‐term survival compared to diabetics with BMS [HR 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52–1.00)]. These long‐term survival and TVR rates were confirmed using propensity scoring. Conclusions : The use of DES when compared with BMS among diabetics undergoing PCI is associated with significant improvement in long‐term TVR, with an insignificant similar trend in all‐cause mortality. The long‐term results of this observational study are consistent with prior RCTs after adjusting for confounding variables. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Expandable metal stents in chronic pancreatitis

BackgroundBiliary obstruction in chronic pancreatitis may be relieved by the insertion of a biliary endoprosthesis. Stenting is usually achieved with a plastic device, but self-expandable metal stents may also be used.Case outlinesTwo patients are described with severe chronic pancreatitis complicated by biliary obstruction and portal vein thrombosis, who underwent insertion of metallic biliary endoprostheses. In both patients the endoprostheses became occluded, at 12 and 7 months respectively, which necessitated open operation. Both patients experienced surgical complications and one patient died postoperatively.DiscussionThe use of metal endoprostheses in chronic pancreatitis may result in occlusion, necessitating open operation. Such stents should be used with caution in these patients, who are likely to be high-risk surgical candidates.     

Self-expanding plastic stents in treatment of benign esophageal conditions

BACKGROUND: Recently, self-expanding plastic stents (SEPSs) have been proposed for the treatment of benign esophageal disease. OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to review our experience with SEPSs in patients with benign esophageal conditions. DESIGN: This was a retrospective case review of patients who underwent SEPS placement for benign esophageal disease, including (1) benign stricture, including reflux disease, ischemia, and idiopathic, (2) radiation-induced strictures, (3) anastomotic strictures, and (4) esophageal leak/fistulae. PATIENTS: Nineteen male and 11 female patients (average age 52.1 years, range 11-87 years) underwent SEPS placement. INTERVENTIONS: SEPS placement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Initial complications, stent migration, long-term complications, and treatment success according to clinical symptoms, follow-up endoscopy, or imaging. RESULTS: Eighty-three of 84 SEPS placements were successful. The most common complications were chest pain, dysphagia, nausea, and vomiting. No deaths were reported from stent placement. Stent migration was more frequent in proximal (30/44 stents, 68.1%) and distal (19/27 stents, 70.4%) compared with mid esophageal (3/10 stents, 30%). Migration was more frequent in stents placed for benign strictures (18/22 stents, 81.8%), anastomotic strictures (18/24 stents, 75%), and fistulae/leak (13/22 stents, 59.1%) compared with radiation-induced strictures (4/14 stents, 28.6%). Only 5 of 83 interventions (6%) resulted in long-term improvement after stent removal. LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective review, and patients were selected from a tertiary medical center. CONCLUSION: Use of SEPSs for benign esophageal conditions resulted in frequent stent migration and few cases of long-term improvement. Further investigation is warranted to identify optimal patient populations and to guide future recommendations for the use of SEPSs.     

Nine-year clinical outcomes of drug-eluting stents vs. bare metal stents for large coronary vessel lesions

Objectives To evaluate the very long-term safety and effectiveness of drug-eluting stents (DES) compared to bare-metal stents (BMS) for patients with large coronary vessels. Methods From April 2004 to October 2006, 2407 consecutive patients undergoing de novo lesion percutaneous coronary intervention with reference vessel diameter greater than or equal to 3.5 mm at Fu Wai Hospital in Beijing, China, were prospectively enrolled into this study. We obtained 9-year clinical outcomes including death, myocardial infarction (MI), thrombosis, target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE, the composite of death, MI, and TVR). We performed Cox’s proportional-hazards models to assess relative risks of all the outcome measures after propensity match. Results After propensity scoring, 514 DES-treated patients were matched to 514 BMS-treated patients. The patients treated with BMS were associated with higher risk of TLR (HR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.520–4.277, P = 0.0004) and TVR (HR: 1.889, 95% CI: 1.185–3.011, P = 0.0075), but the rates of death/MI and MACE were not statistically different. All Academic Research Consortium definition stent thrombosis at 9-year were comparable in the two groups. Conclusions During long-term follow-up through nine years, use of DES in patients with large coronary arteries was still associated with significant reductions in the risks of TLR and TVR.