优化肠道再清洁联合白光或窄带成像内镜对结肠镜检查质量的影响

目的 探讨不同肠道再清洁时机下联合白光内镜或窄带成像内镜退镜观察对结肠镜检查质量的影响。方法 采用单中心前瞻性随机对照试验,将2021年8月至2022年2月1083例门诊及住院结肠镜检查患者随机分为对照组(n=386)、WLI组(n=357)及NBI组(n=340)。对照组：常规进镜,退镜时再清洁,主要采用白光内镜(WLI)观察;WLI组：进镜时再清洁,退镜时主要采用白光内镜(WLI)观察;NBI组：进镜时再清洁,退镜时主要采用窄带成像内镜(NBI)观察。记录并比较三组患者的息肉检出率、进退镜时间、总镜检时间及BBPS等指标。同时将各组按末次肠道清洁剂服用时间至镜检开始时间的时间间隔分为短间隔组(3～5小时)和长间隔组(>5小时)两个亚组,进行亚组分析。结果 研究发现试验组息肉检出率(WLI组44.8%、NBI组51.8%)显著高于对照组(38.1%)(P<0.05),试验组进镜时间(WLI组4.25±0.81 min、NBI组4.37±0.95 min)长于对照组(3.22±0.93 min)(P<0.05),试验组退镜时间(WLI组5.21±2.41 min、NB...     

电子结肠镜进镜操作难度的相关因素研究

目的通过对肠镜检查的大宗病例进行分析研究,指导临床对拟检患者进镜难度预评估与检查前准备。 方法回顾性分析2019年4月至2020年4月吉林大学第一医院胃肠内科·内镜中心所建立的普通肠镜检查数据库共586例病例,根据内镜医生检查过程中对进镜难度的主观评估结果分为E(easy,容易)组与D(difficult,困难)组,对两组间相关临床数据进行对比,并对结肠镜进镜难度相关危险因素包括：主诉是否便秘、口服泻药种类、性别组成、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、既往腹部手术史、进镜时肠道清洁程度进行单因素及多因素分析,进而构建预测结肠镜进镜操作难易程度的列线图模型。 结果E组患者与D组患者相比进镜时间更短(10 vs 15 min,P<0.001),需要额外注水来润滑肠道从而降低进镜难度缓解患者疼痛的比例更低(27.7% vs 92.7%,P<0.001),到达回盲部的比例更高(100 % vs 96.3%,P<0.001),同时E组患者较D组患者疼痛视觉模糊评分(VAS)更低,痛苦更小(4 vs 5,P<0.001)。单因素分析发现,两组在主诉是否便秘、口服泻药种类、性别组成、年龄、BMI、既往腹部手术史方面存在统计学差异(P均<0.05),而在进镜时肠道准备清洁程度方面无统计学差异(P≥0.05)。进一步行Logistic回归分析结果显示,主诉便秘、BMI低、口服磷酸钠盐口服溶液、腹部手术史是进镜困难的独立危险因素(P均<0.05),综合上述独立危险因素构建了预测结肠镜进镜操作难易程度的列线图模型。 结论主诉便秘、BMI低、口服磷酸钠盐口服溶液、腹部手术史是进镜困难的独立危险因素,可利用基于上述独立危险因素构建的列线图模型于检查前预测出受检者肠镜进镜操作的难度,从而指导该结肠镜检查的相关准备。     

退镜时间对结肠息肉检出率影响的研究

目的 研究结肠镜检查中退镜时间对结肠息肉检出率（polyp detection rate,PDR）的影响,进而寻找更为适宜临床的退镜时间。方法 收集我院2017年9月至12月间行非无痛性结肠镜检查患者的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素分析与PDR相关的因素,并比较不同退镜时间对PDR影响。结果 单因素分析PDR影响因素,结果显示性别、年龄、退镜时间差异具有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。多因素分析PDR影响因素,结果显示性别、年龄、退镜时间差异仍有统计学意义（P均＜0.001）。将退镜时间分为6~<8 min、8~<10 min、≥10 min组,PDR依次为26.7%、46.0%、45.2%。Bonferroni法调整P值,退镜时间在8~<10 min组与退镜时间6~<8 min组PDR差异有统计学意义,余组间差异未见统计学意义。结论 退镜时间与PDR明显相关,退镜时间≥6 min可明显提高PDR,而过长的退镜时间（≥10 min）并不能提高PDR。性别、年龄亦是PDR影响因素。     

四磨汤联合聚乙二醇在便秘患者结肠镜前肠道准备的效果观察

目的观察四磨汤联合聚乙二醇在慢性便秘患者结肠镜检查前肠道准备的效果。方法选择拟行结肠镜检查的慢性便秘患者124例。随机分为观察组63例,在结肠镜检查前一天口服四磨汤20 m L日3次,分次口服聚乙二醇4 L;对照组61例,直接分次口服聚乙二醇4 L。观察患者服药后肠道准备的效果,进镜时间,腹部不适症状发生率。结果两组肠道清洁度效果比较,观察组清洁程度高于对照组,左侧结肠、中间结肠、右侧结肠、总液体量、总体评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组结肠镜检查进镜时间分别为(11.07±5.129)min、(11.19±5.146)min,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组腹部不良症状发生率分别为3.25%、15%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用四磨汤联合聚乙二醇对慢性便秘患者进行肠道准备可提高其效果、降低其腹部不适症状发生。     

水交换结肠镜结合二氧化碳注气行结肠镜检查的临床分析

目的探讨水交换肠镜加二氧化碳气泵用于结肠镜诊疗中的效果和安全性。 方法随机选取进行结肠镜检查的患者600例,随机分为2组,即注气组（对照组）、水交换肠镜加二氧化碳气泵组（观察组）,每组300例;观察两组患者的镇痛效果、进镜时间、不良反应发生情况。 结果观察组镇痛效果、进镜时间优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术中HR、BP、SpO₂与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论水交换结肠镜检查诊疗可以缩短肠镜检查时间,减少患者痛苦,有镇痛作用,安全有效且操作简便,联合二氧化碳气泵使用效果更好。     

单倍剂量磷酸钠盐口服溶液联合西甲硅油乳剂在结肠镜检查肠道准备中的应用

背景:良好的肠道准备是结肠镜检查和治疗的必要前提。双倍剂量(45 mL x2)磷酸钠盐口服溶液用于肠道准备清洁效果良好,但易产生气泡而影响观察。目的:评价单倍剂量(45 mL)磷酸钠盐口服溶液联合消泡剂西甲硅油乳剂用于结肠镜检查肠道准备的效果。方法:纳入疑有结直肠病变而拟接受结肠镜检查且符合纳入和排除标准者110例,随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组检查当日晨服用磷酸钠盐口服溶液45 mL+温开水750 mL,1 h后口服西甲硅油乳剂30 mL;对照组服用磷酸钠盐口服溶液90 mL+温开水1500 mL。比较两组肠道清洁效果、祛泡效果、术后腹胀程度、结肠镜检查时间等指标。结果:试验组肠道清洁效果与对照组相似(A、B级:89.1%对80.0%,P>0.05),祛泡效果显著优于对照组(A、B级:83.6%对56.4%,P<0.05),术后腹胀程度显著轻于对照组(无或轻度腹胀:89.1%对70.9%,P<0.05),结肠镜检查时间较对照组显著缩短[(7.1±3.2)min对(9.2±3.7)min,P<0·05]。结论:单倍剂量磷酸钠盐口服溶液联合西甲硅油乳剂用于结肠镜检查的肠道准备效果良好,安全性和耐受性高,值得推荐应用于临床。     

结肠镜检低血糖发生率及肠内营养素预防低血糖的研究

比较结肠镜检患者一次清肠和二次清肠的低血糖发生率及肠内营养素膳食在结肠镜检查中对低血糖发生的预防效果和对肠道准备质量的影响。将入院进行结肠镜检查的患者分为一次清肠组、二次清肠组、二次清肠+肠内营养素膳食（半固态预包装营养食品）组（简称干预组）。所有患者在结肠镜检查前测血糖,检查束后通过波士顿肠道准备评分量表评价肠道清洁度。结果,结肠镜检患者低血糖发生率在一次清肠组、二次清肠组、干预组分别为14.38%（23/160）、17.50%（28/160）、6.45%（4/62）。肠道清洁度高者所占比例在一次清肠组、二次清肠组、干预组分别为31.25%（50/160）、35.00%（56/160）、82.26%（51/62）。可见,相比于一次清肠患者,二次清肠患者低血糖发生率增高,而肠内营养素干预能够有效地降低低血糖发生率,同时提高患者肠道准备质量,是一种值得推荐的肠道准备方法。     

复方聚乙二醇电解质散联合利那洛肽在肠道准备中的效果：一项临床随机对照研究

背景：传统的肠道准备方案复方聚乙二醇电解质散（PEG）由于需要大量饮水而导致部分患者耐受性差,清洁效果有限,且影响观察视野,因此找到一种清洁力强、安全性高、大部分患者可接受的肠道清洁方法具有重要的临床意义。目的：探讨PEG联合利那洛肽在肠道准备中的效果和安全性。方法：将414例患者随机分为对照组（3 L PEG）、观察A组（3 L PEG+290μg利那洛肽）、观察B组（2 L PEG+290μg利那洛肽）。主要观察指标为根据波士顿肠道准备量表（BBPS）评分评估肠道准备的效果,次要观察指标为退镜时间、完成准备到结肠镜检查的时间间隔、患者并发症发生率、盲肠插管率以及息肉、腺瘤、痔疮、其他疾病检出率。同时对便秘亚组的BBPS评分进行分析。结果：观察A组恰当的肠道准备率、BBPS评分、息肉检出率、痔疮检出率等均显著高于对照组和观察B组（P<0.05）,而观察B组与对照组相比无明显差异（P>0.05）。三组间盲肠插管率、结肠镜未完成率、其他疾病检出率、腺瘤检出率、退镜时间、完成准备到结肠镜检查的时间间隔、不良反应发生率均无明显差异（P>0.05）。观察A组便秘患者的BBPS...     

三维成像装置在结肠镜检查中的可行性研究

目的评估三维成像装置在结肠镜检查中的初步应用。方法纳入2019年11—12月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行无痛结肠镜检查的患者共60例, 每例患者先后进行两次结肠镜检查, 按照随机码分为2组, 其中30例患者纳入试验组(进镜均使用二维结肠镜, 首次退镜使用三维结肠镜, 再次退镜使用二维结肠镜), 30例患者纳入对照组(进镜均使用二维结肠镜, 首次退镜使用二维结肠镜, 再次退镜使用三维结肠镜), 观察2组息肉检出情况, 并进行退镜时间、操作体验、图像质量及并发症的评价。结果试验组首次息肉检出率为77.3%(17/22), 高于对照组的43.5%(10/23), 2组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.351, P=0.021)。试验组10例操作者合并头晕症状, 而对照组操作者无头晕症状(P=0.001)。2组首次结肠镜检查检出息肉直径[0.50(0.70)cm比0.30(0.20)cm, U=57.000, P=0.170]、退镜时间[(4.6±1.5)min比(5.2±1.9)min, t=-1.189, P=0.239]、图像质量(2组病变性质识别3分均为27例, 腔道识别3分均为28例...     

智能消化内镜质控系统在结肠镜检查中的应用研究

目的评估智能消化内镜质控系统在结肠镜检查中的质量监控作用。方法根据纳入排除标准,将来自武汉大学人民医院内镜中心的9名内镜医师按随机数字法随机分配到质控组和对照组。质控前阶段（2019年4月20日—2019年5月31日）收集入组内镜医师进行的结肠镜检查资料。质控培训阶段（2019年6月1—30日）质控组内镜医师培训质控相关知识和智能消化内镜质控系统的使用说明;对照组内镜医师仅培训质控相关知识。质控后阶段（2019年7月1日—2019年8月20日）每周给质控组内镜医师反馈质控报告,而对照组内镜医师无质控报告。收集两组内镜医师结肠镜检查资料。主要终点为腺瘤检出率,次要终点为退镜时间、息肉检出率、达盲率。结果9名内镜医师中,质控组4名,对照组5名。质控前阶段和质控后阶段共纳入结肠镜检查1 471例。质控组的腺瘤检出率及息肉检出率在质控后提高[13.7%（45/329）比7.1%（24/338）, χ2=55.796,P<0.001;48.9%（161/329）比40.2%（136/338）,χ2=4.071,P=0.044],退镜时间较质控前增加[5.9（3.9,7.3）min比4.1（2.8,6.1）min,Z=6.965,P<0.001]。而对照组质控后阶段与质控前阶段以上指标比较差异均无统计学意义[9.3%（37/398）比9.1%（37/406）, χ2=0.329,P=0.566;33.9%（135/398）比33.0%（134/496）, χ2=3.616,P=0.057;3.9（2.7,6.1）min比3.6（2.6,5.8）min,Z=1.355,P=0.175]。结论智能消化内镜质控系统结合审查和反馈模式可以实现对内镜医师结肠镜检查的质控作用,并提高内镜医师的结肠镜检查质量。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.