巨大骨软骨瘤的临床特点及外科治疗策略

目的 探讨巨大骨软骨瘤的临床特点及外科治疗策略.方法 35例巨大骨软骨瘤,其中男23例,女12例,年龄12～58岁(平均24.6岁),平均病程27.3月.所有患者均行X线检查,其中26例行CT检查;均行手术治疗,29例行单纯肿瘤切除,2例行肿瘤切除异体骨植骨,1例行肿瘤切除下胫腓关节融合,1例行肿瘤切除下尺桡关节重建,1例行全跟骨切除自体带血管腓骨移植,1例位于腓骨近端行瘤段切除.结果 随访3～24个月,无复发和恶变.原有神经受压症状消失,移植骨愈合良好,肢体功能满意.结论 巨大骨软骨瘤表现特殊,一经确诊,应尽早手术,术中注意保持骨缺损的修复,保持或重建邻近关节的稳定性.     

带骨骺腓骨近段移植重建小儿尺骨远端骨骺2例

目的探讨吻合血管带骨骺腓骨近段移植重建小儿骨软骨瘤切除后尺骨远端骨骺、矫正腕关节畸形的临床效果。方法采用吻合血管带骨骺腓骨近段移植重建2例小儿骨软骨瘤切除后尺骨远端骨骺、矫正其腕关节畸形,并评价其临床效果。结果2例患儿的腕关节尺偏畸形得到矫正,术后2个月所有腓骨移植近段与受区骨端愈合良好．分别随访1年和6年,重建的尺骨远端与健侧肢体几乎同步生长,腕关节形态功能满意。结论吻合血管带骨骺腓骨近段移植能有效重建小儿骨软骨瘤切除后尺骨远端骨骺并长期矫正其腕关节尺偏畸形。     

膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的临床和影像学特点、手术方式的选择及临床疗效,讨论该病变可接受的外科治疗方式。方法 23例膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤患者(股骨远端10例,胫骨近端12例,腓骨近端复发并胫骨转移1例)根据病变的临床、影像学特点选择不同手术方式:9例行瘤段切除肿瘤假体置换术;13例行肿瘤扩大刮除瘤腔灭活骨修复和内固定术(植骨9例,骨水泥填充4例),1例行截肢术。结果患者均获得随访,时间8~50个月。术后3例复发,肿瘤切除骨缺损修复组1例复发,肢体功能评分80%;肿瘤扩大刮除瘤腔灭活骨修复组2例复发,肢体功能评分95%。结论根据膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的临床及影像学特点选择合理的治疗方法,对肿瘤复发的控制及后续治疗方面具备一定的优势。     

两种截骨术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的近期疗效比较

目的 比较腓骨截骨和内侧开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的近期临床疗效.方法 将40例膝内侧骨关节炎患者按截骨方式的不同分为腓骨截骨组(18例,采用腓骨截骨治疗)与胫骨截骨组(22例,采用内侧开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗).记录术后并发症发生情况和胫骨近端内侧角(MPTA),比较两组术后各时间点疼痛VAS评分、H...     

两种截骨术治疗膝骨关节炎合并膝内翻的比较

目的观察对比两种胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝骨关节炎合并膝内翻畸形的临床疗效。方法分别采用胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨中段截骨和胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨小头截骨纠正膝内翻畸形，术后5年以内及5年以后者按同一标准对其疗效进行评价。结果随访结果按窦宝信标准进行评估。胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨中段截骨5年以内及5年以后随访的优良率分别为84．6％、69．2％；胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨小头截骨5年以内及5年以后随访的优良率分别为81．7％、68．1％。两种手术方法的临床优良率基本相似。胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨小头截骨手术时间、手术切口长度、出血量显著低于胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨中段截骨。结论胫骨高位截骨治疗膝关节骨关节炎合并内翻畸形临床疗效确切，远期疗效有下降趋势。胫骨高位截骨连同腓骨小头截骨具有手术创伤小、出血少、手术时间短、腓深神经损伤发生率低等优点。     

病段切除髓内腓骨移植结合骨延长技术治疗萎缩性骨不连

[目的]探讨一种新的治疗萎缩性骨不连的手术方式,即病段切除髓内腓骨移植结合骨延长技术联合应用,并观察其临床疗效。[方法]对2010年以来本院收治的21例外伤术后反复治疗不愈的萎缩性骨不连患者采用病段切除髓内腓骨移植结合骨延长技术进行治疗,其手术要点包括:切除骨不连断端活力不佳的骨段,取同侧腓骨节段行髓内移植,一期紧密对合胫骨断端,胫骨近端行截骨延长,观察其效果并分析总结。[结果]患者随访时间:12³6个月,平均(19.3±6.5)个月;延长长度3.236个月,平均(19.3±6.5)个月;延长长度3.2⁵ cm,平均(3.93±0.48)cm;愈合时间:45 cm,平均(3.93±0.48)cm;愈合时间:4⁶个月,平均(4.7±0.6)个月;ASAMI评价:骨愈合评价全部为优,优良率100%,功能评价11例为优,9例为良,1例为中,优良率95.2%。并发症方面:钉道感染6例,踝关节僵直1例。[结论]病段切除髓内腓骨移植结合骨延长技术对于萎缩性骨不连有着较好的疗效,可作为处理萎缩性骨不连的一种新的选择。     

股骨、胫骨和腓骨外翻截骨治疗婴幼儿型Blount病

目的探讨经股骨、胫骨和腓骨外翻截骨治疗婴幼儿型Blount病的临床疗效。方法对7例婴幼儿型Blount病患儿行股骨、胫骨和腓骨外翻截骨,术后予以髋人字石膏固定6周。结果 7例均得到随访,时间3~16年。6例无任何膝关节疼痛不适;1例双侧胫骨内翻患儿长时间站立、行走后,左膝关节有疼痛,再次行左胫骨近端外翻截骨后畸形得到矫正,疼痛消失。结论经股骨、胫骨和腓骨外翻截骨治疗婴幼儿型Blount病,并发症少,临床疗效满意。     

骨巨细胞瘤临床分级与手术方法

目的探讨骨巨细胞瘤临床、病理、X线分级和各种术式的选择与疗效。方法对107例经手术病理证实的骨巨细胞瘤患者,根据临床、病理、X线分级程度采用刮除植骨、骨水泥填充、大块切除、人工关节置换等不同手术方式进行治疗。通过随访观察疗效。结果随访6～70个月（平均24个月）。刮除植骨14例,复发2例;刮除骨水泥填充术42例,复发4例;肿瘤骨大块切除,带血管腓骨髂骨重建25例,复发1例;瘤段切除26例,均无复发。结论骨巨细胞瘤的临床症状、病例、X线三结合综合分期,对确定其属性和程度,正确估计预后和选择适当的手术方案有重要的临床意义。     

游离腓骨骨皮瓣加单臂外固定架治疗胫骨骨缺损

目的 探讨游离腓骨骨皮瓣治疗胫骨骨缺损的方法和临床疗效.方法 采用吻合血管的游腓骨骨皮瓣移植加单臂外固定架治疗12例因创伤、慢性骨髓炎导致的胫骨骨缺损患者.结果 患者腓骨骨皮瓣携带皮岛血运均良好,切口均一期愈合.12例均获随访,时间12~48个月.全部骨性愈合,患者恢复行走功能.结论 吻合血管的游离腓骨骨皮瓣移植加单臂外固定架治疗胫骨骨缺损临床疗效满意.     

镜下清理腓骨截骨治疗膝内侧室骨性关节炎

[目的]探讨镜下膝关节清理联合腓骨近端截骨治疗膝内侧间室骨性关节炎的早期疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2017年7月—2019年7月收治的25例膝关节内侧室骨性关节炎患者的临床资料。其中,12例行单纯关节镜清理,13例行关节镜清理加腓骨段切除。比较两组患者临床与影像资料。[结果]两组均顺利完成手术,无神经、血管损伤等严重并发症。术后12个月,清理截骨组疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale, VAS）和美国特种外科医院（Hospital for Speical Surgery,HSS）膝关节评分,以及正位X线片测量的股骨胫骨角（femorotibial angle, FTA）均优于单纯清理组（P<0.05）。[结论]镜下清理联合腓骨截骨可有效治疗早中期的膝关节骨性关节炎,与单纯清理相比可更好地改善下肢力线。     

The transfibular approach for distal tibial osteochondroma: An alternative technique for excision

Surgical excision of osteochondromata occurring at the lateral aspect of the distal tibia is hampered by the difficult access to this area. Current techniques use an anterior approach, but this makes access to the posterior aspect of the tibia difficult. The authors report on 2 cases in which removal, and subsequent replacement of distal fibula and fixation with a semitubular plate, allowed complete excision of a distal tibial osteochondroma and satisfactory outcomes. This procedure provides an alternative technique to the anterior approach previously described. The literature appears to contain no similar previous reports.     

胫骨远端延长术疗效8年随访报告

目的：观察、探讨胫骨远端延长术的远期疗效及并发症。方法：胫骨远端骨骺牵伸延长术、胫骨下端截骨延长术。结果：共３９例下肢不等长患，经８年随访，优：２８例；良：１１例，差：０例。结论：胫骨远端延长术是治疗下枝不等长的理论术式，具有创伤小，愈合快，并发症少等优点，远期疗效满意。     

Fibular lengthening by Ilizarov method secondary to shortening by osteochondroma of distal tibia

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumour. They most commonly affect the long tubular bones and almost half of osteochondromata are found around the knee. Osteochondroma arising from the distal metaphysis of the tibia typically result in a valgus deformity of the ankle joint secondary to relative shortening of the fibula. This case describes the use of Ilizarov technique for fibular lengthening following excision of a distal tibial osteochondroma. A 12-year-old girl presented with a 3-year history of a large swelling affecting the lateral aspect of the right distal tibia. Plain radiographs confirmed a large sessile osteochondroma arising from the postero-lateral aspect of the distal tibia with deformity of the fibula and 15 mm of fibular shortening. The patient underwent excision through a postero-lateral approach and subsequent fibular lengthening by Ilizarov technique. The patient made excellent recovery with removal of frame after 21 weeks and had made a full recovery with normal ankle function by 6 months. The Ilizarov method is a commonly accepted method of performing distraction osteogenesis for limb inequalities; however, this is mainly for the tibia, femur and humerus. We are unaware of any previous cases using the Ilizarov method for fibular lengthening. This case demonstrates the success of the Ilizarov method in restoring both fibular length and normal ankle anatomy.     

Transfibular excision of distal tibial interosseous osteochondroma with reconstruction of fibula using Sofield's technique – A case report

Osteochondromas arising from the interosseous border of the distal tibia and involving distal fibula are uncommon. Considering its proximity to the ankle joint, early excision of this deforming distal tibial osteochondroma is done to avoid the future risk of pathological fracture of the distal fibula, ankle deformities and syndesmotic complications. We present a 16-year-old young girl with thinning and deformed distal fibula, secondary to an osteochondroma arising from the distal tibia which was managed with transfibular excision of mass and reconstruction of distal fibula using square nail by shoefields technique.     

Solitary osteochondroma of the limbs. Clinical review of 76 cases and pathogenic hypothesis

The authors report a retrospective study of 76 solitary osteochondromas of the appendicular skeleton treated between 1981 and 1995. The ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 55 years with a mean of 21 years. The male/female-ratio was 1.37. Tumefaction with or without associated pain was the reason for consultation in 68 cases (89%). In 62 cases the osteochondroma was localized in the distal part of the femur or the proximal part of the tibia. All lesions were surgically resected; the resection was complete in all cases. Six patients were lost to follow-up; the other 70 were seen on a regular basis over a time period ranging from 1 to 12 years. The result from surgical treatment was assessed based on pain, joint motion, cosmetic consequences, nerve compression and recurrence of osteochondroma. The results were good in 68 cases and fair in two cases. Based on a review of previous experimental studies, the authors suggest a hypothesis to explain the rotation of a fragment of the growth plate which is needed for the development of osteochondroma. This rotation occurs as a result of the mechanical action from the periosteum under tension.     

Is intraosseous tibial and femoral osteotomy still indicated in the treatment of knee joint arthrosis?

In 11 cases an arthrosis of the knee joint was treated by intraosseus osteotomy of the distal femur in one case of the proximal tibia only; in one case additionally an intraosseus osteotomy of the proximal tibia was performed. In a 2 to 5 years follow-up examination only 4 patients were subjectively satisfied with the operation.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of the growth plate in late-onset tibia vara

We used Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in five patients (six knees), mean age 13.2 (12-15) years, with late-onset tibia vara (Blount's disease), to study the growth plate and its abnormalities. The MRI study was classified for severity of disease and compared with a radiographic classification. In severely involved knees, MRI indicated severe growth-plate changes on both sides of the knee joint. Widening in the entire proximal tibial growth plate, involvement of the distal femoral growth plate, as well as cartilage invaginations into the metaphyses, were constant findings. Three knees were treated operatively with oblique tibial osteotomy and three with lateral hemiepiphysiodesis. Two severely involved patients treated initially with hemiepiphysiodesis required additional surgery. The three patients with mild disease treated with tibial osteotomy had good clinical and functional results. This study suggests that extensive growth-plate changes in severe, late-onset tibia vara preclude successful treatment by tibial hemiepiphysiodesis. In addition, oblique osteotomy, which was successful in mild cases, was problematic in severe cases.     

Osteochondromas around the ankle: Report of a case and literature review

INTRODUCTIONAn osteochondroma or exostosis is a benign bone tumour consisting of a bony outgrowth covered by a cartilage cap that occurs commonly in the metaphysis of long bones, mainly the distal femur, proximal tibia and proximal humerus.PRESENTATION OF CASEWe describe an unusual case of a distal tibia osteochondroma affecting the lateral malleolus of a young girl.DISCUSSIONMost osteochondromas are asymptomatic and seen incidentally during radiographic examination. Osteochondromas are rarely localized in the foot and ankle.CONCLUSIONAlthough most of the osteochondromas in children should be treated conservatively until skeletal maturity, those affecting the distal tibia or fibula should be treated with surgical excision in order to prevent ankle deformity, syndesmotic lesions or even fracture due to the expanding nature of this benign tumour.     

Transphyseal osteotomy of the distal tibia for correction of valgus/varus deformities of the ankle

This study is a retrospective review of the results of consecutive cases of a transphyseal osteotomy of the distal tibia. Indications for the procedure are significant valgus or varus deformities of the ankle needing acute correction because of problems with the skin and brace fit as well as progressive deformity. Twenty-one patients with a variety of underlying diagnoses, five with bilateral deformities, underwent this procedure. The technique involved making either a medially based closing or opening wedge with the distal limb of the osteotomy through the physis or the physeal scar so that it was very close to the ankle joint. A fibular osteotomy was not necessary except in three ankles. All osteotomies healed. All patients were able to ambulate and use their braces as soon as their osteotomies healed, and none had any further pressure sores or brace-related problems, although some had mild residual valgus or varus deformities. There were no significant leg-length discrepancy problems as a result of the surgery. This osteotomy is a treatment alternative for significant angular deformities of the ankle that require acute correction.     

Proximal opening-wedge osteotomy of the first metatarsal for moderate and severe hallux valgus using low profile plates

BackgroundTo present the results of the treatment of hallux valgus with the proximal metatarsal opening wedge (PMOW) osteotomy using two different screw and plate systems.MethodsForty-one patients with moderate and severe hallux valgus were treated with the PMOW osteotomy between 2005 and 2009. The fixation was obtained by the Darco^® BOW or by the Arthrex^® LPS plate. Biplanar chevron and/or Akin osteotomy were associated according to the magnitude of distal angles. Each patient was evaluated with weight-bearing radiographs and AOFAS score.ResultsThe HV, IM, DMA and IP angles improved by a mean of 14°, 8°, 11°, 7° respectively. The sesamoid position improved in 79% of the feet. AOFAS score improved from a mean of 50 to 82.ConclusionThe PMOW osteotomy is effective to correct high-level hallux valgus deformities. Both systems guarantee the stability and correction of the osteotomy site. The combination with distal procedures is advisable to correct distal angles.