温州地区103例头癣类型及病原菌分析

目的:了解近6年来温州地区头癣类型及病原菌分布特点。方法:采用病例回顾性分析,对2006年1月-2011年12月来我院就诊的拟诊为头癣的患者进行真菌直接镜检、培养及分离鉴定。结果:103例头癣中脓癣45例(43.69%)、黑点癣31例(30.10%)、白癣27例(26.21%),未发现黄癣。主要病原菌为犬小孢子菌27例(31.03%)、紫色毛癣菌23例(26.44%)、须癣毛癣菌18例(20.69%)。结论:温州地区头癣患者中以脓癣为主,黑点癣次之;致病菌以亲动物性犬小孢子菌为主。     

某院浅部真菌病及其病原菌分布

目的了解某院浅部真菌病的感染情况及病原菌的分布特点。方法对该院临床拟诊为浅部真菌病的患者标本进行直接显微镜检查（以下简称镜检）、培养及菌种鉴定。结果临床拟诊为浅部真菌病的患者398例,其中真菌镜检阳性203例(51.01%),培养阳性237例(59.55%),镜检阳性率显著低于培养阳性率(χ2=6.057,P=0.014)。 237例确诊病例中,儿童100例（42.19%）,成人137例（57.81%）;以手足癣病(109例,45.99%)和头癣病(89例,37.55%)为主,其次为体癣病(26例,10.97%)和甲真菌病(13例,5.48%)。分离病原菌,儿童以犬小孢子菌为主（49.00%）,成人以红色毛癣菌为主（45.99%）。结论该院浅部真菌病以手足癣病居首位,致病菌以红色毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌为主;引起成人与儿童感染真菌病的病原菌种类不同。     

浅部真菌病与病原菌菌种的临床分析

目的分析浅部真菌病种类和致病菌种分布特征。方法选取我院皮肤科2013年12月至2014年6月初步诊断为浅部真菌病的患者987例作为研究对象,取临床标本进行镜检、分离培养和菌种鉴定。结果 987份送检标本中,镜检阳性标本280例(28.37%),培养阳性标本190例(19.25%),镜检结合培养阳性标本316例(32.02%),镜检结合培养阳性率明显高于单一镜检阳性率和培养阳性率,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。综合检测阳性的316例患者中甲癣147例(46.52%),手足癣72例(22.78%),体癣64例(20.25%),股癣29例(9.18%),头癣4例(1.27%);其中甲癣和手足癣多发于女性人群,股癣和体癣多发于男性人群,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。培养分离出的12种致病菌中红色毛癣菌103株(32.59%),念珠菌属78株(24.68%),须癣毛癣菌67株(21.20%),曲霉菌属14株(4.43%),暗色真菌属13株(4.11%),红酵母菌11株(3.48%),毛霉菌7株(2.22%),青霉菌属6株(1.90%),犬小孢子菌4株(1.27%),毛孢子菌属2株(0.63%),浅白隐球菌1株(0.32%),混合感染10株(3.16%)。结论培养结合镜检法的阳性率高于单一检查法,浅部真菌病以甲癣、手足癣较为多见,致病菌以红色毛癣菌和念珠菌属为主。     

596例皮肤真菌培养结果分析

目的了解三明市皮肤真菌病病原菌的种类和构成。方法对2008-2009年来皮肤病院就诊的具有典型浅部真菌病临床表现且真菌镜检阳性者标本596份做真菌培养及鉴定。结果共分离出致病真菌352株(59.1%),其中红色毛癣菌283株(80.4%)、念珠菌44株(12.6%),其中白念珠菌27株、其它念珠菌17株)、须癣毛癣菌13株(3.7%)、紫色毛癣菌5株、絮状表皮癣菌1株、断发毛癣菌4株、枝顶孢霉属1株、石膏小孢子菌1株。结论红色毛癣菌是体癣、甲真菌病、股癣、足癣和手癣的主要致病菌,占浅部真菌感染的80.4%;不同年龄组中,20~59岁组患病率占67.6%,主要是红色毛癣菌感染。     

任意引物聚合酶链反应法对职业性皮肤癣病的诊断价值

目的探讨任意引物聚合酶链反应(AP-PCR)法对职业性皮肤癣病的诊断价值及在普查诊断酿酒工人皮肤癣菌病中的意义。方法用任意引物OPD18(5’-GAGAGCCAAC-3’)和OPAA11(5’- ACCGGACCTG-3’)对50例患体癣和58例患股癣的酿酒工人所感染的致病皮肤癣菌进行AP-PCR法检测,同时用直接镜检法检测真菌并用传统的培养法进行培养;并且与50名健康人皮屑的检测结果作对比。结果在50例临床诊断为体癣工人的皮屑中,用AP-PCR方法检测真菌阳性的例数为45例(90.00%),检测出的真菌菌种分别为红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌和絮状表皮菌;作真菌直接镜检的阳性例数为31例(62.00%);作真菌培养的阳性例数为41例(82.00%),培养出的真菌菌种分别为红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌和犬小孢子菌。在58例临床诊断为股癣的工人皮屑中,用AP-PCR方法检测真菌阳性的例数为53例(91.38%),检出的真菌菌种分别为红色毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌和须癣毛癣菌;作真菌直接镜检的阳性例数为37例(63.79%);作真菌培养的阳性例数为48例(82.76%),培养出的真菌菌种为红色毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌和须癣毛癣菌。50例健康人皮屑用AP-PCR方法检测阳性例数为3例(6.00%),检测的菌种2例为红色毛癣菌,1例为须癣毛癣菌;直接镜检未检出阳性者;用培养法检出阳性者1例(2.00%),菌种为红色毛癣菌。结论AP-PCR方法对于职业性皮肤癣菌病患者具快速诊断的价值,且具有较好的敏感性和特异性,可用于职业性皮肤癣菌病的检测和诊断。     

宜昌地区浅部真菌病及真菌分析

目的了解宜昌地区浅部真菌病及真菌分布特点。方法对在医院皮肤科就诊,并拟诊为浅部真菌病感染的1982例患者标本,行显微镜检查、细菌培养及菌种鉴定。结果 1982例浅部真菌病患者中,甲真菌病691例,占34.9%,股癣402例,占20.3%,足癣374例,占18.9%;分离的1030株真菌中,主要为红色毛癣菌626株,占60.8%;其余依次为假丝酵母菌属、须癣毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌及犬小孢子菌,分别占22.2%、5.5%、2.8%、2.4%。结论在浅部真菌病及病原菌中,甲真菌病最为常见,致病菌以红色毛癣菌占主导地位,假丝酵母菌属所占比例较往年有大幅增多。     

身边小常识

生活中有些事情虽然不大,但是弄不好影响卫生,对身体健康不利,因此,生活中的点滴知识,也不容忽略。第一、不和别人共用梳子。梳子能传染头癣。头癣也叫肌疮、癞痢头,医学上根据病原菌的不同,分为黄癣、白癣、黑癣几种,分别是由黄癣菌、铁锈色小孢子菌、紫色癣菌等     

足癣的临床流行病学及病原学分析

目的 了解足癣的流行及成功地区病原菌分布情况。方法 将临床症状典型，镜检阳性的标本于沙氏琼脂培养其中培养，根据菌落生长快慢，菌落形态，颜色及镜下结构等特征进行菌种鉴定。结果 1800例足癣患者中，培养分离鉴定出病原菌1797株，计8个菌种，总阳性率99.84%，结论 足癣的发病与年龄，职业有密切关系；菌种以红色毛癣菌，断发毛癣菌和白念珠菌为主，分别占73.33%。14.28%和5.78%。     

犬小孢子菌分离鉴定和胞外酶活性分析及基于ITS序列快速检测

目的通过分离纯化、培养特性分析和表型特征鉴定来确定头癣患者病原体犬小孢子菌,检测与分析该菌株胞外酶活性和致病功能,通过基因扩增和序列测定,建立了基于ITS序列PCR快速诊断技术。方法采用PDA培养基划线培养,根据真菌学检查确诊犬小孢子菌感染,采用API-ZYM酶活检测系统对该犬小孢子菌临床株分别进行19种胞外酶活性检测;设计真菌5.8S rDNA和28S rDNA基因间隔序列特异性引物扩增并测序后,运用GenBank的BLAST软件搜索比对,从分子水平确诊犬小孢子菌感染。结果头部皮肤真菌镜检阳性,经培养鉴定为犬小孢子菌;19种胞外酶检测结果显示,12种胞外酶具有活性(其中脂酶2种、肽酶3种、水解酶2种、糖发酵酶5种);该菌株扩增的ITS序列基因片段大小为737 bp,比对结果显示为犬小孢子菌特异性序列。结论犬小孢子菌可导致头癣病,其临床症状及致病机制可能与其所分泌的12种胞外酶活性有关,结合培养特性和临床表现,通过PCR快速诊断技术,能够快速准确地鉴别出犬小孢子菌感染。     

十堰地区498例浅部真菌病及病原菌分析

目的为了解十堰地区浅部真菌临床特征、易感因素以及病原菌的构成及分布。方法收集2018年1月至12月湖北省十堰市太和医院皮肤科门诊就诊的临床表现典型,真菌镜检及培养阳性的498例浅部真菌病患者进行临床资料登记以及统计学分析。结果498例患者中病种前3位分别是股癣123例(24.70%),甲真菌病110例(22.09%),体癣54例(10.84%)。致病真菌前三位的分别为红色毛癣菌232株(46.59%),指(趾)间毛癣菌71株(14.26%),白念珠菌41株(8.23%)。不同性别、年龄以及工作岗位的患者发病情况有一定的差异。结论十堰地区浅部真菌病以股癣为主,主要致病菌为红色毛癣菌,总体流行趋势与全国多数地区类似,也呈现自身特点。     

Louis David Zeidberg

This study compares the illness experience of 2,043 tinea capitis patients during a 12-year period after x-ray epilation with that of 1,413 nonirradiated tinea capitis patients who were also treated during the years 1940 to 1959 at the Skin and Cancer Unit of the New York University Hospital.

The irradiated and control groups, surveyed by questionnaire, represented 85% and 79%, respectively, of the total available clinic population of tinea capitis cases and were well matched for age, sex, and race.

The major findings of the study included a higher incidence of confirmed cases of cancer and mental illness in the irradiated group.     

儿童头癣的防控

头癣是皮肤癣菌感染头皮和毛发所引起的一种浅部真菌病，是青春期前儿童主要的浅部真菌感染性疾病，在包括中国在内的发展中国家及全球范围常见。头癣具有较强的传染性，可以造成儿童集体单位中流行传播。头癣中的脓癣可能会造成永久性瘢痕性脱发，给患儿及家长带来严重的心理影响。本文对儿童头癣的易感人群、发病趋势、病原学、传播途径、临床表现、治疗及预防等方面进行综述，以期提高人们对儿童头癣防控的认知，切断头癣的传播途径，降低头癣的发病率。     

Mycoses in India—study in Madras

The incidence of mycoses is high in Madras accounting for over 13% of dermatoses diagnosed in a three-year period. Dermatophytoses (tinea corporis and tinea cruris) and pityriasis versicolor were most common in May and October. A correlation was observed between these infections and environmental temperature, humidity and rainfall. Most cases of all dermatophytoses except tinea capitis were recorded between 10 and 30 years of age but the latter was most common between one and 10 years. Males were predominantly affected with all except tinea axillaris, candidiasis and piedra. The incidence of piedra and deep mycoses was low.     

Tinea capitis in primary school age children in southeastern Amsterdam: primarily due to Trichophyton tonsurans

OBJECTIVE: To establish prevalence and aetiology of tinea capitis in children attending primary school in Amsterdam South-East. DESIGN: Prevalence survey. METHODS: The Municipal Health Service Amsterdam, the Netherlands, selected classes of four primary schools in a survey with children clinically suspected of having tinea capitis as well as classes without clinical cases. Per school at least one class with a notified case was included. Written information was provided to all parents; the parents of three children refused participation. After clinical examination by a team of physicians and nursing staff scalp cultures were taken using the brush method from 315 children (aged 4-12 years) in 16 classes. RESULTS: The clinical diagnosis 'tinea capitis' was established in 25 children, significantly more in boys than in girls (relative risk (RR) = 2.92: 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20-7.11). Of all children 7% had positive cultures, more boys than girls (RR = 3.13: 95% CI: 1.18-8.28). Symptomatic cases (confirmed by culture) amounted to 3.2% of all children. The carrier rate was 3.8%. Trichophyton tonsurans was the most frequently isolated dermatophyte both in symptomatic children and in carriers. CONCLUSION: In 7% of all children (3.2% with symptoms of tinea capitis, 3.8% without) dermatophytes were cultured from scalp samples, the main aetiologic agent being T. tonsurans.     

Teignes du nourrisson en Tunisie

Objective

The aim of the study was to specify the epidemiological, clinical, and mycological particularities of tinea capitis in infants.

Design

We retrospectively collected data from the files of 245 infants presenting with tinea capitis, followed in the Hedi-Chaker hospital dermatology department and in two mycology laboratories of the Sfax hospital, between January 1995 and December 2006. We collected the epidemiological, clinical, and mycological data for each patient.

Results

We included 137 boys and 108 girls with trichophytic tinea in 62 % of cases and microsporic tinea in 34 % of cases. Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum canis were identified by culture respectively in 51 and 37 % of cases.

Conclusion

Tinea capitis is frequent observed in our region, Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum canis are the most frequent mycological agents.     

Subject Index to Volume 8

Physical and laboratory examinations were done on 319 persons who had been treated by x-ray epilation for tinea capitis a decade earlier, as well as 127 patients with nonirradiated tinea capitis and 158 nontinea, nonirradiated controls. The examinations were done as part of a program to characterize the nature and magnitude of chronic radiation damage with respect to the radiation exposures to the various structures of the head resulting from the Adamson-Kienbock x-ray epilation procedure.

Scalp doses of 500 to 800 rads were found to have caused a 20% incidence of generalized diminution of the hair population of the scalp, which was due to a combined reduction in the number and diameter of the hair.

No definite evidence of auditory radiation damage was found to be associated with doses of 70 rads to the ear. A slight but definite increase in the incidence of posterior subcapsular opacities of minimal severity was found to be associated with a dose to the eye of 50 rads.     

Tinea capitis infection in school children of Nepal.

From among 428 Nepalese schoolchildren hair samples of 102 children with clinical features of tinea capitis, obtained by the sterile hairbrush method, were examined by mycological techniques. Age varied between 4-16 years. Itching was experienced by 96.1% sample subjects and hair loss by 32.4%. Of the 102, 11 (10.8%) were positive for Trichophyton violaceum (TV), 6 being from urban areas, the rest from rural areas. Amongst the 11 patients, 7 (63.6%) were girls and rest boys. Statistical associations were observed between the place of haircut and isolation of the organism (chi2 = 15.2, p <0.01). Statistical association was also present between frequency of bathing and isolation of organism. Sharing of combs was associated with the culture-positive subjects. The prevalence of tinea capitis in the urban and rural children was 2.3% and 3.0%, respectively. The only isolated organism was TV. An association of the isolation of TV was found with risk factors such as family members, sharing of combs, frequency of bathing with the organism. Hair loss was more common in the urban children. Discouragement of sharing combs, increased frequency of hair washing, and use of uncontaminated hair cutting instruments are recommended.     

A controlled trial of home versus hospital treatment of tinea capitis with griseofulvin

To test previous observations that children with tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton violaceum and treated with griseofulvin in the field showed better recovery rates than patients given similar treatment in hospital, a planned controlled trial was carried out in Yugoslavia with the assistance of the World Health Organization.     

Griseofulvin in the mass treatment of tinea capitis

The prevalence of ringworm of the scalp in many countries, and the fact that many of the current measures to control it are inconvenient for mass use, lend particular interest to the account given in this paper of mass treatment of tinea capitis in an Arab village in Israel. A total of 446 cases were treated, on an ambulatory basis, with a single daily dose (25-30 mg/kg) of griseofulvin, and it was found that clinical cure, confirmed by microscopy, was achieved in 3-6 weeks in the majority. All cases were cured after 10 weeks'' treatment.