短肠综合征的康复治疗

目的总结27例短肠综合征病人康复治疗的经验,介绍短肠康复治疗的具体方法,探讨改善短肠病人营养状况、促进肠功能代偿的措施。方法短肠康复治疗包括营养支持、应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素促进肠粘膜生长、富含膳食纤维的短肠康复饮食、减轻短肠临床症状以及预防和治疗短肠并发症等措施。1997年1月至2000年7月间共27例短肠患者接受了29次康复治疗,患者平均年龄38.5岁±19.3岁。剩余小肠长度范围15～80cm,平均46.8cm±23.4cm,15例有回盲瓣。从肠切除至接受康复治疗的平均时间为86d±105d。结果治疗后病人的营养状况明显改善,肠道吸收功能有所增强。随访超过2年者8例,4例完全脱离肠外营养,随访时间超过1年者13例,有10例完全脱离肠外营养。结论短肠康复治疗能够有效地改善短肠病人的营养状况、并能促进肠功能代偿,治疗效果与残留小肠长度、治疗开始的时间和病人年龄有关,及早进行康复治疗能够促进肠功能代偿,减少病人对肠外营养的依赖。     

3例短肠综合征的营养康复治疗

短肠综合征的传统治疗方法主要有营养支持和小肠移植,但两种方法均有局限。随着短肠病人的营养康复治疗得到逐步广泛的应用,即包括营养支持、应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素以及纤维膳食,取得了满意疗效。现就营养康复治疗的方法和结果进行讨论。     

生长激素、谷氨酰胺、改良膳食对短肠综合征患者的治疗作用

目的:验证生长激素(GH)及谷氨酰胺(Gln)的应用是否可以缩短短肠综合征患者的肠外营养(PN)治疗时间和用量. 方法:选取16名依赖PN的短肠综合征患者,随机分为3个实验组:A组为对照组,口服Gln (0.6g·kg-1·d-1)+GH安慰剂+改良膳食,B组给予Gln安慰剂+GH(8U)+改良膳食,C组给予Gln+GH+改良膳食(n=6).PN采用临床标准方案.4周后,GH及GH安慰剂停止服用,Gln及Gln安慰剂仍继续服用3个月. 结果:B组与A组相比,治疗时间明显缩短,PN用量明显减少(P＜0.05).C组治疗时间最短(P＜0.01).3个月后,只有C组可以维持治疗效果. 结论:GH+Gln+改良膳食治疗的短肠综合征患者可以间断给予PN或减少PN的用量及频率.     

短肠综合征患者营养康复治疗的观察和护理

目的：研究和探索短肠综合征患者营养康复治疗的观察和护理重点，以及并发症的预防和处理措施。方法：选择短肠综合征患者119例，在其疾病的不同阶段实旌肠外营养（PN）、肠内营养（EN）及肠康复治疗。结果：108例完成预定治疗方案患者的营养状况明显改善、肠道吸收功能显著增强；实旌PN共3507次，有9例发生1～2次中心静脉导管感染；EN过程中有27例患者发生腹泻（3～7次／d）；12例患者因饮食不当引起腹泻（5～9次／d）；13例患者共发生15次喂养管堵塞；3例患者发生高血糖，均被及时发现和处理。结论：短肠综合征患者病情重，病程长，营养康复治疗中的仔细观察与良好护理是预防和及时处理并发症的关键。     

肠内营养治疗短肠综合征4例

短肠综合征是肠衰竭的主要原因之一,多由于肠系膜血管梗塞、肠扭转、创伤、肿瘤等而切除了大量小肠后,剩余的小肠不能维持机体原有的消化吸收功能,从而导致临床上严重的营养障碍,术后死亡率较高[1].     

早期短程大剂量生长激素对鼠短肠综合征肠道增生作用

目的观察早期短程使用大剂量生长激素(GH)对短肠综合征(SBS)鼠残存肠道增生反应的影响.方法20只SD雄鼠,切除85%小肠,制成SBS模型,分为大剂量GH治疗组(10只)和对照组(10只).GH治疗组术后1～5 d,予GH 5.70 mg@kg-1@d-1分2次皮下注射;对照组注射等量注射用水.结果两组摄食量、体重减少差异无显著性,两组回肠黏膜厚度、绒毛高度、隐窝深度和升结肠黏膜厚度差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论早期短程大剂量GH治疗SBS并不能促进残存肠道黏膜代偿性增生.     

短肠综合征治疗进展

短肠综合征患者的治疗包括内、外科治疗。其中肠外营养在内科治疗中起着重要作用。肠外营养提供了水、电解质和必要营养物以维持生命,其同时存在致命的并发症,如感染、静脉通道破坏消失、血管栓塞及肝脏损害。这促成了一些新的治疗方法的产生,如生长因子的使用,以及为减轻症状使用的辅助药物(如奥曲肽减轻腹泻等)。外科手术主要包括肠管的倒置吻合、肠襻圈形吻合以及延长小肠长度提高小肠功能,小肠移植也得到一定的发展。     

Rehabilitation therapy for short bowel syndrome

Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation therapy for short bowel syndrome on patient nutritional status and intestinal adaptation Methods The rehabilitation therapy included enteral or parenteral nutrition, glutamine, recombinant human growth hormone and rehabilitative diet. From January 1997 to July 2000, twenty-seven patients with short bowel syndrome received the treatment. The average age of the patients was 38.5±19.3 years, and the length of residual small intestine ranged from 15 to 80 cm, with an average of 46.8±23.4 cm. The ileocecal valve was preserved in 14 cases, and the average time between the onset of short bowel syndrome and the rehabilitation therapy was 86±105 days. Results After the treatment, nutritional status of the patients improved markedly, and intestinal absorptive capacity improved. Eight patients were followed up for more than 2 years, among whom 4 (50%) were weaned from total parenteral nutrition. Thirteen patients were followed up for more than 1 year, and 10 patients (76.9%) were weaned from total parenteral nutrition. Conclusions Rehabilitation therapy for short bowel syndrome can improve patient nutritional status effectively and promote intestinal adaptation, providing a new hope for these patients. The therapeutic effects are related to the length of the residual small intestine, patient’s age and duration between massive intestinal resection and start of the treatment. Early initiation of rehabilitation therapy promotes intestinal adaptation and increases patient’s ability to wean from total parenteral nutrition.     

1例短肠综合征合并输尿管结石围手术期的营养治疗

患者 ,男 ,5 3岁 ,因“部分小肠切除术后腹泻、消瘦、腹痛 4年加重 1月”入院 ,诊断为 :①短肠综合征 ;②左肾及输尿管结石伴积水 ;③小肠大部份切除术后。患者于 4年前因绞窄性肠梗阻伴小肠大部坏死行小肠大部切除术 ,保留长约 3 0ｃｍ的空肠行升结肠吻合术。术后长期以碎菜稀饭为主食 ,稍进油脂及鸡蛋后大便次数即增多 ,并逐渐消瘦、体重下降 3 0多斤。因营养不良曾长期间断到当地医院输注人体白蛋白、脂肪乳等。入院时查体 :一般情况差、体重 48ｋｇ ,左上臂围 2 1ｃｍ ,三头肌皮皱厚度 11ｍｍ。腹部右侧麦氏点及腹正中线右侧 2ｃｍ处有 …     

Congenital short bowel syndrome with malrotation

Congenital short bowel syndrome (SBS) associated with malrotation and malabsorption is a very rare condition. We report on an infant girl with congenital SBS associated with malrotation and malabsorption. No polyhydraminos was noted during the regular prenatal examination. Protracted postnatal postprandial vomiting with progressive failure to thrive was noted. A laparotomy showed the small bowel was only about 20 cm in length. She eventually survived with short-term parenteral nutrition and use of oral L-glutamine supplementation. To our knowledge, this might be the shortest length of bowel loop ever reported. Currently, she is 15 months of age with a body weight of about 7 kg and good development.     

D-lactic acidosis secondary to short bowel syndrome

A 12 year old boy presented with 11 episodes of weakness, ataxia, nausea, slurred speech, dehydration, and sometimes severe lethargy bordering on coma. A year previously the boy had small intestinal resections leaving 20 cm of small bowel remaining. D-lactic acidosis was diagnosed on the basis of a D-lactate level of 5.23 mmol/l. The clinical presentation of the disease is recurrent episodes of unusual neurological manifestations and severe metabolic acidosis. The diagnosis is dependent on the presentations and the plasma D-lactate level. Development of the syndrome seems to be the effect of the accumulation of D-lactic acid.     

基于BERT-TextCNN模型的临床试验筛选短文本分类方法

目的:设计一种基于深度学习的BERT-TextCNN模型,用于临床试验筛选短文本的自动化识别与分类.方法:调研文本分类的常见算法,从中国健康信息处理会议开发的临床试验中筛选短文本分类数据集,比较分析BERT-TextCNN模型、BERT模型和TextCNN模型的性能差异.结果:BERT-TextCNN模型的文本分类平均...