腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤7例分析

目的总结腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2006年3月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的腔内修复孤立性髂动脉瘤7例的临床资料。其中,右髂总动脉瘤4例,左髂总动脉瘤2例,左髂内动脉瘤破裂1例。结果7例均取得技术成功。3例右髂总动脉瘤累及右髂内动脉,选用分叉支架型人工血管行腔内修复术。1例右髂总动脉瘤累及腹主动脉下端,选用AUI(Aortouniiliac)支架型人工血管腔内修复加股动脉旁路术。2例左髂总动脉瘤选用直型支架型人工血管。1例左髂内动脉瘤破裂急诊行钢圈栓塞后选用直型支架覆盖左髂内动脉开口。术后即刻数字减影血管造影(DSA)造影显示动脉瘤消失,远近端支架型人工血管与宿主动脉结合处均未见明显渗漏。1例术后出现急性左心功能不全和肺水肿,经抢救痊愈,其余6例无手术并发症。术后随访1～19个月(平均10.6±6.42个月),瘤体无增大,支架无移位,无内漏,旁路人工血管通畅。结论腔内修复术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤具有可行、安全、微创等特点,近期疗效较好,远期效果尚须进一步随访。     

杂交技术治疗主动脉弓降部病变的临床研究

目的:探讨杂交技术治疗主动脉弓降部病变的效果。方法:采用杂交技术(解剖外旁路联合血管腔内修复术)手术治疗10例患者,包括累及主动脉弓部分支的B型主动脉夹层4例和主动脉弓降部真性动脉瘤6例。其中左颈总动脉至左椎动脉旁路1例,右颈总动脉至左颈总动脉旁路5例,右颈总动脉至左颈总动脉及左颈总动脉至左锁骨下动脉旁路1例和升主动脉至无名动脉及左颈总动脉旁路3例。均经股动脉入路植入覆膜支架。结果:10例患者均获得技术成功,1例发生少量I型内漏,未处理。术后1例因脑梗塞伴肺炎、肾功能衰竭不治自动出院;其余9例均痊愈出院。9例随访时间3～33个月,均恢复正常生活,术后3个月CTA示:覆膜支架无移位,1例内漏已消失,无新的内漏发生,夹层假腔或动脉瘤腔内已有血栓形成,远端夹层假腔无明显扩大,旁路人工血管通畅。结论:杂交手术避免体外循环损害,减轻外科手术创伤,提高了治疗效果,是治疗累及分支的主动脉弓降部病变的重要方法。     

外科难治性动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内治疗外科难治性动脉瘤的有效性和优越性.方法 2004年5月至2006年7月,腔内治疗10例外科显露困难、预期并发症率高的动脉瘤.其中,左侧椎动脉假性动脉瘤、肠系膜上动脉瘤单纯切除术后近端残端假性动脉瘤、左侧股动脉假性动脉瘤第2次复发、左侧髂内动脉瘤破裂、左侧股浅动脉自发性破裂、肝总动脉瘤和多发性脾动脉瘤各1例,胸降主动脉假性动脉瘤3例.采用支架型人工血管(以下简称支架)腔内修复7例,导管栓塞2例,腔内修复联合导管栓塞1例.结果 所有病例均取得技术成功.8例随访3～24个月,围手术期和随访期间无并发症,彩超或螺旋CT血管造影证实受累动脉通畅和/或瘤腔完全血栓形成.左侧股浅动脉自发性破裂支架释放后出血立即停止,无下肢缺血,失随访.肠系膜上动脉残端假性动脉瘤患者术后第6天死于肝功能衰竭和上消化道出血. 结论腔内治疗可以为外科显露困难、预期并发症率高的动脉瘤提供一种有效的治疗选择.     

孤立性髂动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的探讨利用血管腔内技术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤的安全性、可行性、有效性和存在的问题。方法自1997年5月至2006年1月,对15例孤立性髂动脉瘤患者行血管腔内治疗。真性动脉瘤12例(80％),假性动脉瘤3例(20％);髂总动脉瘤9例(60％),髂内动脉瘤3例(20％),髂外动脉瘤3例(20％)。瘤径3．5-9．0 cm,平均(5．97±1．49)cm。髂内动脉瘤采用直接栓塞技术;髂总以及髂外动脉瘤采用支架型血管腔内修复技术或结合外科手术方法及栓塞技术进行治疗。术后观察瘤腔内血液动力学改变、髂内动脉以及下肢动脉供血的改变。结果术后仅1例保留双侧髂内动脉,其余仅保留单侧。术后2例发生内漏(13％)。无围手术期死亡,无移植物错放、移位、瘤体破裂、中转手术以及由于覆盖单侧髂内动脉而引起的肠道缺血、性功能改变等并发症发生,1例术后出现一侧臀肌酸痛症状。手术时间0．5-4．0 h,平均(1．9±1．1)h;出血量30-300 ml,平均(126．7±70．1) ml;恢复活动时间0．5-4 d,平均(2．1±1．1)d;住院时间3-12 d,平均(5．5±4．7)d。结论腔内技术治疗孤立性髂动脉瘤是一种安全、可行、有效的方法。髂内动脉的处理以及内漏防治仍是困难的问题。     

胸降主动脉瘤腔内修复41例治疗体会

目的 总结胸降主动脉瘤腔内修复治疗方法和经验.方法 回顾分析2001年1月至2007年7月41例胸降主动脉瘤患者腔内修复诊治经过、结果和并发症,其中4例行辅助性右-左颈总动脉、左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉旁路术,二期(1周后)或一期行腔内修复治疗.结果 41例移植物均被放置在预定位置.2例患者(4.9%)围手术期分别因多器官功能衰竭和急性心肌梗死而死亡.18例患者(43.9%)术后即时造影显示近端Ⅰ型内漏;其中4例内漏量大,行球囊扩张后内漏消失.2例(4.9%)患者围手术期出现急性肾功能不全,1例透析时间超过30 d.其余患者围手术期无脑卒中、截瘫、动脉瘤破裂或肢体严重缺血等并发症.26例(63.4%)患者获随访,随访时间为1～60个月[平均(18.6 ±4.2)个月].1例术后4年发生支架型人工血管移位并发Ⅰ型内漏,1例术后2年于支架型人工血管连接处出现Ⅲ型内漏,均再次行腔内修复治疗.2例死于其他疾病.其余患者术后3个月CT证实瘤腔内完全血栓形成,无支架移位和内漏.随访期间动脉瘤最大直径缩小0～22 mm,平均(8.3±4.5)mm,4例辅助性动脉旁路均通畅.结论 腔内修复治疗胸降主动脉瘤技术上可行,具有创伤小、术后恢复快和并发症少等优点.有条件者,特别对不能耐受传统手术的患者应优先考虑腔内修复治疗.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中髂动脉瘤的处理策略

目的:探讨腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤的腔内修复术(EVAR)方法。方法:回顾性分析2007年8月—2014年3月35例腹主动脉瘤合并髂动脉瘤行EVAR术患者资料,其中9例合并单侧髂内动脉瘤,1例合并双侧髂内动脉瘤,14例合并单侧髂总动脉瘤(直径18 mm),11例合并双侧髂总动脉瘤,所用腔内技术包括栓塞髂内动脉瘤后覆盖,髂内动脉瘤单纯覆盖,"喇叭口"支架,以及"三明治"技术重建一侧髂内动脉等。结果:所有腔内技术均获得成功,手术时间(125±40)min,出血量(173±65)m L。术中发现内漏8例(22.9%),其中I型内漏4例(近端2例,远端2例)均经球囊扩张后内漏消失,III型内漏1例,经扩张及部分加弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,II型内漏2例及IV型内漏1例,均未予处理。35例术后随访6~60个月,无动脉瘤破裂,2例术后6个月发现腹主动脉瘤体增大,造影确诊远端I型内漏,经弹簧圈栓塞后内漏消失,其余33例瘤体直径无增大。结论:对于合并髂动脉瘤的腹主动脉瘤患者,有效处理髂内动脉,然后根据髂总动脉直径选择合适的治疗方法可以达到理想的近期效果。     

腹主动脉瘤的治疗

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析26例AAA的临床资料。结果 26例中夹层动脉瘤3例，真性动脉瘤21例，动脉瘤破裂后再形成的假性动脉瘤1例，动脉瘤穿破十二指肠空肠曲形成腹主动脉肠瘘1例。病变累及肾动脉平面以上者3例，肾动脉平面以下者23例：病变仅累及腹主动脉者4例，病变除累及腹主动脉外，尚合并有单侧或双侧髂总动脉瘤者／2例，合并双侧髂总动脉瘤及一例或双侧髂内动脉瘤者5例，合并一侧髂总、髂内、髂外动脉瘤1例，合并有双侧髂总、髂内、髂外动脉瘤1例。施行紧急手术治疗3例，择期手术治疗14例，施行支架型人工血管腔内微创治疗7例，未手术2例。术后发生并发症3例，无瘫痪、下肢动脉栓塞等发生。术中及术后30d死亡率为3．8％(1例)。支架型人工血管治疗的7例无漏血、移位等并发症发生，均痊愈出院。22例随访3个月至4年，均存活良好。结论 AAA的腔内血管外科治疗具有创伤小，术石恢复快，并发症少等优点，有条件行支架型人工血管作腔内治疗的应优先考虑腔内治疗，传统手术方法在技巧等方面的改进有利于提高手术的成功率，并能为不具备腔内治疗条件的患者解除疾患。     

高危复杂腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术临床分析

目的 评估应用多种腔内技术治疗高危复杂腹主动脉瘤的可行性.方法 2001年1月至2010年12月,共138例腹主动脉瘤患者接受腹主动脉腔内修复术(EVAR),其中9例患者为高危复杂性腹主动脉瘤.男性8例,女性1例,年龄26～87岁,平均67岁.其中2例近肾腹主动脉假性动脉瘤,5例近肾腹主动脉瘤,1例腹主动脉瘤合并双髂总动脉瘤及左侧髂内动脉瘤,1例EVAR术后右髂内动脉瘤.所采用的腔内技术包括:主动脉支架开窗技术和扇形技术2例,烟囱技术5例,球囊辅助下髂内动脉瘤腔内治疗1例和球囊辅助反转支架技术1例.结果 所有腔内技术均获得成功.术中支架释放后即刻发现内漏4例,其中1例患者为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型内漏,经大动脉球囊扩张后内漏消失;2例Ⅰ型内漏,其中1例行弹簧栓栓塞成功,另1例行近端裸支架成功.1例Ⅱ型内漏,经随访瘤腔直径未增大,未处理.随访4～79个月,平均25.9个月.无动脉瘤破裂,动脉瘤瘤体直径均有不同程度的缩小.随访过程中7例患者的靶血管(肾动脉、肠系膜上动脉和髂内动脉)均保持通畅.1例髂内动脉重建支架术后18个月血栓形成,但无盆腔缺血等症状.结论 对于不能耐受手术的高危复杂腹主动脉瘤患者,选择合适的腔内技术可以增加EVAR术的成功率,近、中期效果满意.     

孤立性髂动脉瘤的外科治疗(附二例报告)

孤立性髂动脉瘤是一种罕见的动脉疾病,临床症状无特异性而其破裂率可高达50％以上,且与死亡率密切相关。现报告2例并讨论如下。 临床资料 例1,男,59岁,因肺部感染合并左下肢肿胀住内科治疗,行腹部CT检查时发现右髂总动脉瘤,直径约3cm,但瘤体不规则并压迫左髂总静脉（图1）,遂转入我科继续抗感染治疗,2周后复查CT,瘤体有增大（图2）。择日行腔内重建术。经右股动脉穿刺置入自膨式覆膜支架（图3）。造影示瘤体消失,无内漏。术后3d出院。1个月后复查CT,右髂动脉瘤体内血栓形成、覆膜支架无内漏。但左下肢因髂静脉血栓形成而依然肿胀。     

DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管腔内治疗

目的探讨血管腔内治疗DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法。方法对7例DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行血管腔内治疗。7例均行磁共振血管造影、CT和动脉造影检查确诊。内膜撕裂口均位于升主动脉,距冠状动脉开口2．5-6．0cm,距右头臂干开口0．5-4．0cm。2例通过左颈总动脉置入带膜支架,术前行左锁骨下动脉-左颈总动脉间内转流术以保证左颈总动脉血供。5例通过右股总动脉置入带膜支架,其中2例先行左锁骨下动脉-左颈总动脉-右颈总动脉人工血管旁路术。结果全组均手术成功。3例第1枚支架释放后仍有较多内漏,即再放入第2枚支架,交错重叠于第1枚支架内面而成功封闭撕裂口,消灭内漏。除1例术后1个月因急性上消化道大出血死亡外,其余6例存活。6例的假腔均有血栓形成,无内漏,无新的夹层动脉瘤形成。结论DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管腔内治疗是可行、微创和有效的。病例选择应注意撕裂口距冠状动脉开口的距离。     

External iliac artery-to-internal iliac artery endograft: a novel approach to preserve pelvic inflow in aortoiliac stent grafting.

PURPOSE: To describe four patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms repaired by coil embolization of the ipsilateral internal iliac artery, aortouniiliac endograft extended to the ipsilateral external iliac artery, femorofemoral bypass grafting, and a contralateral external iliac to internal iliac stent graft to preserve pelvic perfusion. METHODS: Four patients with multiple risk factors, abdominal aortic aneurysm (mean diameter, 6.6 cm), and bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms were evaluated with contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning, arteriography, and intravascular ultrasonography. Aortobiiliac endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair was not feasible because of extension of the common iliac artery aneurysms to the iliac bifurcation bilaterally. RESULTS: The abdominal aortic aneurysms were repaired with an aortouniiliac endograft. The ipsilateral common iliac artery aneurysms were treated by coil embolization of the internal iliac artery and extension of the endograft to the external iliac artery. The contralateral common iliac artery aneurysms were excluded by a custom-made stent graft (n = 2) or a commercial stent graft (n = 2) from the external iliac artery to the internal iliac artery, which preserved pelvic inflow via retrograde perfusion from the femorofemoral bypass. Mean length of stay was 3.5 days. One patient had hip claudication. Follow-up (mean 10 months, range 6 to 17) demonstrated exclusion of the abdominal aortic aneurysm and common iliac artery aneurysms with no endoleak and patent external iliac artery-to-internal iliac artery endografts in all patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms that extend to the iliac bifurcation may be excluded from endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair because of concerns regarding pelvic ischemia after occlusion of both internal iliac arteries. External iliac artery-to-internal iliac artery endografting is a feasible alternative to maintain pelvic perfusion and still allow endograft repair of the abdominal aortic aneurysm in these patients.     

腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中特殊远端锚定区的处理经验

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中特殊远端锚定区的处理方法以及并发症。方法自1997年5月至2006年12月在150例包括髂总动脉瘤、髂内动脉瘤、髂动脉狭窄、严重成角等特殊远端锚定区的腹主动脉瘤腔内修复术中,根据情况选择不同的处理方式,术后观察内漏、缺血并发症、髂动脉瘤形态以及旁路血管的通畅性。结果围手术期死亡率4％（6／150）,总死亡率42．5％（51／120）。6例原发性远端I型内漏,5例自愈,1例转化为持续性内漏;3例髂内动脉返流引起的Ⅱ型内漏随访中均自愈。7例单臂支架型血管,股股旁路手术2年通畅率为86％;4例髂内动脉旁路手术2年通畅率为100％。11例栓塞单侧髂内动脉出现臀肌缺血症状,平均症状消失时间42 d（5-90 d）。结论结合传统外科技术以及腔内技术,并选择合适的产品处理腹主动脉瘤特殊远端锚定区可取得满意疗效。中远期结果仍需观察。     

巨大和长段胸主动脉瘤的血管腔内修复术治疗

目的探讨巨大和长段胸主动脉瘤行带膜支架主动脉腔内修复治疗的可行性。方法对3例10．6～28．0cm长真性胸主动脉瘤的男性患者,采用多个带膜支架相连接成一条长段支架型人工血管,行主动脉腔内修复治疗。对瘤体全长28．0cm、最大直径7．3cm的病例,采用4个长度为130mm的不同直径的带膜支架相连接覆盖胸主动脉;另2例分别用2枚、3枚带膜支架治疗。2例术中先行颈总动脉-颈总动脉和颈总动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路术。结果3例手术过程顺利,术后恢复良好。2例术后无内漏,分别随访1,2个月,瘤腔内血栓形成;1例在支架连接处有少量内漏,术后1年消失,瘤腔内血栓形成。1例术后出现短暂脑缺血表现,1个月后消失。结论采用多个带膜支架相连接对巨大和长段胸主动脉瘤行主动脉腔内修复治疗,安全、微创,疗效良好,远期效果有待观察。     

Modified "stent-graft sandwich" technique for treatment of isolated common iliac artery aneurysm in patient with Marfan syndrome

Isolated iliac artery aneurysms are rare in the general population (0.03%) and represent 2% of all abdominal aneurysms, and the association with Marfan syndrome is even rarer. We report a Marfan syndrome case with an isolated common iliac artery aneurysm treated by using a modified "stent-graft sandwich" technique, with preservation of the internal iliac artery perfusion. The modified "stent-graft sandwich" technique involves building an appropriate proximal neck just in the common iliac artery for fittingly housing two new stent-grafts inside, both deployed simultaneously and each one going to both distal iliac arteries (internal and external).     

Midterm results of endovascular stented grafts for the treatment of isolated iliac artery aneurysms.

PURPOSE: Isolated aneurysms of the iliac arteries are uncommon lesions that require surgical repair to prevent rupture. METHODS: During a 4-year period, we used endovascular stented grafts (EGs) to treat 28 iliac artery aneurysms that were not associated with aortic aneurysms. Twenty-five patients, with a total of 24 common iliac (15 right, nine left) and four internal iliac (two right, two left) artery aneurysms, underwent endovascular grafting. There were 24 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 74 years (range, 51 to 88 years). Combined common and internal iliac artery aneurysms were present in three patients. Nineteen patients who underwent treatment with EGs were administered epidural anesthesia (22 epidural, two local, one general). Before surgery, one patient had lower extremity embolization and ischemia from the aneurysm, three had abdominal or back pain, and the remaining were asymptomatic. The EGs were constructed of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts and balloon expandable stents. RESULTS: Four procedure-related complications (12%) occurred (distal extremity embolization, n = 1; wound complications, n = 2; colonic mucosal ischemia, n = 1). Only a minimal reduction in the aneurysmal diameter was seen in 90% of the iliac artery aneurysms treated. The remaining lesions showed no change in size, and no aneurysm had an increase in cross-sectional diameter on computed tomographic images enduring a follow-up period up to 4 years (mean, 24 months). One aneurysm ruptured after successful endovascular exclusion, and the patient underwent treatment with open repair. The 3-year primary patency rate of iliac EGs was 86%. CONCLUSION: EGs appear to show satisfactory safety and efficacy for the repair of isolated aneurysms of the iliac arteries.     

Endovascular repair of a ruptured internal iliac arterial aneurysm with a novel application of the aorto-uni-iliac converter device

Internal iliac artery aneurysms are rarely discovered by examination and may consequently present with rupture in a patient without an established diagnosis. Ruptured internal iliac aneurysms harbor a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Although open repair is possible, endovascular repair may be an option in some patients. We present a case of a ruptured internal iliac artery aneurysm with an adjoining ipsilateral common iliac artery aneurysm repaired with a novel use of an aorto-uni-iliac device.     

Contemporary management of isolated iliac aneurysms

Objective: Because isolated common iliac artery aneurysms are infrequent, are difficult to detect and treat, and have traditionally been associated with high operative mortality rates in reported series, we analyzed the outcomes of operative repair of 31 isolated common iliac artery aneurysms in 21 patients to ascertain morbidity and mortality rates with contemporary techniques of repair. Methods: A retrospective review study was conducted in a university teaching hospital and a Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Perioperative mortality and operative morbidity rates were examined in 17 men and four women with isolated common iliac artery aneurysms between 1984 and 1997. Ages ranged from 38 to 87 years (mean 69 ± 8 years). Slightly more than half of the cases were symptomatic, with abdominal pain, neurologic, claudicative, genitourinary, or hemodynamic symptoms. One aneurysm had ruptured and one was infected. There was one iliac artery–iliac vein fistula. All aneurysms involved the common iliac artery. Coexistent unilateral or bilateral external iliac aneurysms were present in four patients; there were three accompanying internal iliac aneurysms. Overall, 52% of patients had unilateral aneurysms and 48% had bilateral aneurysms. Aneurysms ranged in maximal diameter from 2.5 to 12 cm (mean 5.6 ± 2 cm). No patients were unavailable for follow-up, which averaged 5.5 years. Results: Nineteen patients underwent direct operative repair of isolated iliac aneurysms. One patient had placement of an endoluminal covered stent graft; another patient at high risk had percutaneous placement of coils within the aneurysm to occlude it in conjunction with a femorofemoral bypass graft. Patients with bilateral aneurysms underwent aortoiliac or aortofemoral interposition grafts, whereas unilateral aneurysms were managed with local interposition grafts. There were no deaths in the perioperative period. Only one elective operation (5%) resulted in a significant complication, compartment syndrome requiring fasciotomy. The patient treated with the covered stent required femorofemoral bypass when the stent occluded 1 week after the operation. The patient treated with coil occlusion of a large common iliac aneurysm died 2 years later when the aneurysm ruptured. Conclusions: Isolated iliac artery aneurysms can be managed with much lower mortality and morbidity rates than aneurysm previously been reported by using a systematic operative approach. Percutaneous techniques may be less durable and effective than direct surgical repair. (J Vasc Surg 1998;28:1-13.)     

Internal iliac artery revascularization as an adjunct to endovascular repair of aortoiliac aneurysms.

PURPOSE: Endovascular repair of aortoiliac aneurysms may be limited by extension of the aneurysm to the iliac bifurcation, necessitating endpoint implantation in the external iliac artery. In such cases the circulation to the internal iliac artery is interrupted. Bilateral internal iliac artery occlusion during endovascular repair may be associated with significant morbidity, including gluteal claudication, erectile dysfunction, and ischemia of the sigmoid colon and perineum. We have employed internal iliac artery revascularization (IIR) to allow endograft implantation in the external iliac artery while preserving flow to the internal iliac artery in patients with aneurysms involving the iliac bifurcation bilaterally. METHODS: A total of 11 IIR procedures were performed in 10 patients undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (9 men, 1 woman; mean age, 74 years). IIR was accomplished via a retroinguinal incision in 9 cases and a retroperitoneal incision in 2 cases. Six-mm polyester grafts were used for external-to-internal iliac artery bypass in 10 cases and internal iliac artery transposition onto the external iliac artery was used in one case. Endovascular AAA repair was performed using a modular bifurcated device (Talent-LPS, Medtronics, Minneapolis, Minn) after IIR. Bypass graft patency was determined immediately after the surgery, at 1 month, and every 3 months thereafter, using duplex ultrasound scanning and computed-tomography angiography. Mean aneurysm diameters were as follows: AAA, 6.4 +/- 0.7 cm; ipsilateral common iliac, 3.7 +/- 1.0 cm; contralateral common iliac, 3.9 +/- 0.8 cm. RESULTS: Successful IIR and endovascular AAA repair were accomplished in all cases. No proximal, distal, or graft junction endoleaks occurred. Two patients demonstrated retrograde aneurysm side-branch endoleaks originating from the lumbar arteries. One thrombosed spontaneously within 3 months. One perioperative myocardial infarction occurred. Reduction in aneurysm size was documented in 5 aortic, 5 ipsilateral iliac, and 3 contralateral iliac aneurysms. Gluteal claudication, erectile dysfunction, colon and perineal ischemia, and mortality did not occur. All IIRs have remained patent during a follow-up period of 4 to 15 months (mean, 10.1 months). CONCLUSIONS: IIR may be used with good short-term to intermediate-term patency to prevent pelvic ischemia in patients whose aneurysm anatomy requires extension of the endograft into the external iliac artery. This may allow endovascular AAA repair to be performed in patients who might otherwise be at risk for developing complications associated with bilateral internal iliac artery occlusion.     

Rupture of internal iliac artery aneurysms

Aim-Background

An isolated aneurysm of the internal iliac artery is rare, but rupture has a high mortality rate, making it thus a challenging clinical entity in need of special attention as to its immediate diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

We present a case of ruptured isolated aneurysm of the internal iliac artery, as well as a literature review of relevant publications focusing on ruptured internal iliac artery aneurysms since 1990.

Results

Out of a total of 43 cases with ruptured internal iliac artery aneurysm, 37 were isolated internal iliac artery aneurysms, while in 6 cases repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) had preceded. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom and computed tomography (CT) was the diagnostic tool in all. A rupture into another organ was reported in 10 (23%) cases; into the urinary tract (urinary bladder or ureter) in 5 (11.5%) patients, bowel in 3 (7%), and inferior vena cava in 1 (2.3%) patient. The treatment was open surgery in 18/43 cases (42%), endovascular repair in 22/43 (51%), a combination of the two methods in 2/43 (4.6%), while in one case (2.3%), there was no information regarding treatment. Death occurred in 6/43 patients (14%), 3 of whom (7%) were treated with open surgery and 3 (7%) with endovascular means.

Conclusions

Immediate diagnosis and treatment lead to good results, as concerns both open and endovascular repair of ruptured aneurysms of the internal iliac artery. A fundamental prerequisite is close cooperation between vascular surgeons and radiologists.     

Hybrid treatment of a ruptured aneurysm in the distal aortic arch: report of a case

An 80-year-old man was transferred to our hospital for surgical treatment of a ruptured aortic arch aneurysm. Based on a history of severe heart failure and coronary artery bypass, we considered him unsuitable for conventional open repair. He underwent a hybrid repair, in the form of supra-aortic vessel debranching followed by endoluminal aortic repair. Although the ostia of the left carotid and left subclavian arteries were occluded by the stent-graft, the left supra-aortic vessels and the left internal thoracic artery attached to the coronary artery were perfused through an extra-anatomic bypass from the right axillary artery to the left carotid artery and the left axillary artery. After additional endovascular repair for recurrent hemosputum, the patient recovered without complications. Although continued follow-up is necessary, acute hybrid arch repair seems feasible for treating ruptured aortic arch aneurysms, even in the setting of severe heart failure and a previous coronary artery bypass.