Repeatability of power Doppler sonography of cervical lymph nodes

This study was undertaken to investigate the repeatability (intraobserver variability) of power Doppler sonography in assessment of cervical lymph nodes. Power Doppler sonography was performed twice in 20 healthy subjects to evaluate the repeatability of measurement of size, blood flow velocity (peak systolic velocity, PSV, and end diastolic velocity, EDV) and vascular resistance (resistance index, RI, and pulsatility index, PI) of cervical nodes. A total of 70 power Doppler sonograms were reviewed to evaluate the repeatability of assessment of vascular pattern, degree of vascularity and displacement of vessels of cervical lymphadenopathy. In the 20 subjects, 139 normal cervical nodes were detected in the first scan and they were re-scanned in the second scan. One node was detected in the second scan, but not in the first scan. Of the total, 50 cervical nodes showed arterial flow in both scans, and blood flow velocity and vascularity resistance were measured. The mean value of PSV, EDV, RI and PI have a higher repeatability than their highest and lowest values. There is a high repeatability in the measurement of maximum transverse diameter (97%), mean PSV (95%), mean EDV (96%), mean RI (86%) and mean PI (87%). The repeatability in evaluation of vascular pattern (85%), degree of vascularity (95%) and displacement of vessels (88%) are also high. Results suggest that power Doppler sonography is a reliable method in assessment of the vasculature of cervical lymph nodes.     

Correlation Between Doppler Parameters and Renal Cortical Fibrosis in Lupus Nephritis: A Preliminary Observation

To assess the relationship between renal Doppler parameters and renal cortical fibrosis in lupus nephritis (LN), we retrospectively reviewed 24 patients with LN underwent both renal color Doppler sonography and renal biopsy. The angle-corrected Doppler parameters, including peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) at the main and interlobar renal arteries were measured. The Doppler parameters and PSV and EDV ratios of the interlobar artery to main renal artery were compared with histopathologic analysis of the kidney biopsy specimen. On the basis of renal cortical fibrosis, the 24 cases of LN were divided into two groups: mild (6%–25%) renal cortex fibrosis (n = 13) and moderate (26%–50%) renal cortex fibrosis (n = 11). An independent-samples two tailed t test was used to statistically analyze the differences in PSV, EDV and RI between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic was analyzed for assessing the accuracy of interlobar artery PSV and EDV in predicting moderate renal cortical fibrosis. In our result, both PSV and EDV in moderate renal cortex fibrosis were lower than that in mild renal cortex fibrosis. There were statistically significant differences in PSV and EDV at the interlobar artery, EDV and RI at the main renal artery, and PSV and EDV ratios of the interlobar artery to main renal artery between the two groups (all p < 0.05). The area under receiver operating characteristic curves of PSV and EDV for predicting >26% renal cortical fibrosis was 0.96 and 0.90, respectively. The optimal cutoff values for differentiating >26% renal cortical fibrosis from those <25% were PSV 30 cm/s (sensitivity = 0.92; specificity = 1) and EDV 13 cm/s (sensitivity = 0.77; specificity = 1). Therefore, the values of PSV and EDV at the interlobar artery can potentially be used as hemodynamic indicators of renal cortical fibrosis, which may non-invasively assist in monitoring the progression of renal cortical fibrosis in LN, especially in patients with contraindications to renal biopsy.     

Doppler sonography of the inferior and superior mesenteric arteries in ulcerative colitis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Doppler sonographic blood-flow parameters and spectral patterns in the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in patients with active and inactive (remission-phase) ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: The IMAs and SMAs of 25 patients with active-phase UC (group 1), 19 patients with remission-phase UC (group 2), and 22 healthy, asymptomatic subjects (control group) were evaluated by duplex Doppler sonography. The 25 patients in group 1 were categorized into 2 subgroups on the basis of the extent of disease as determined by double-contrast barium enema x-ray study and colonoscopy. The first subgroup (group 1a) consisted of 11 patients with active involvement of the left colon from the rectum to the splenic flexure. The second subgroup (group 1b) consisted of 14 patients with active involvement of the entire colon. The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (Vmean), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were determined from the Doppler spectral analysis. The inner diameter and cross-sectional area of the IMA and SMA were measured, and the blood-flow volume was calculated. The results were compared between the patient groups and control subjects. RESULTS: In the IMA, the mean blood-flow volume, mean PSV, mean EDV, and Vmean were significantly higher, the mean PI was significantly lower, and the mean diameter and the mean cross-sectional area were significantly larger in group 1 than in group 2 or in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean PSV and the Vmean of the IMA were significantly higher in group 1a than in group 1b (p < 0.05). The mean blood-flow parameters in the SMA were not significantly different between groups 1 and 2 or between either group 1 or group 2 and the control subjects. The mean EDV in the SMA was significantly higher and the mean PI and the mean RI were significantly lower in group 1b than in group 1a (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Duplex Doppler sonography of the IMA and SMA can be used to evaluate inflammatory disease of the large bowel, to assess disease extent, and to document response to therapy.     

超声在烟雾病颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉吻合术的应用研究

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声评价烟雾病颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉吻合术手术疗效的应用价值.方法 25例烟雾病颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉吻合术患者,手术前及术后1周探测双侧颈外动脉、颞浅动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、搏动指数(PI)及阻力指数(RI),并比较手术前后颈外动脉、颞浅动脉的血流参数变化情况.25例患者手术前及手术后1周行DSA检查,依据术后颞浅动脉向大脑中动脉分流程度分为大量、中等量及少量,比较不同组间颞浅动脉PSV、EDV、PI、RI.术后应用彩色多普勒超声沿手术切口追踪颞浅动脉全程,观察颞浅动脉血流方向及走行.结果 ①术后颈外动脉PSV、EDV较术前增快,PI、RI较术前降低,但差异无统计学意义.②术后颞浅动脉PSV、EDV较术前明显增快,PI、RI较术前显著减低.③术后DSA所示颞浅动脉向大脑中动脉分流量越大,颞浅动脉PSV、EDV越高,PI、RI越低.④术后彩色多普勒超声可追踪颞浅动脉全程,并在颞浅动脉入颅处探测到其血流方向由颅外流向颅内.结论 彩色多普勒超声可以评价吻合血管通畅性及分流程度,且与DSA有较好的一致性,可作为无创性评价颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉吻合术手术疗效的方法.     

老年视网膜动脉硬化患者的彩色多普勒超声检测分析

目的 :观测老年视网膜动脉硬化各期的视网膜中央动脉血流动力学变化 ,探讨视网膜中央动脉血流频谱参数特征及其临床应用价值。方法 :对 15 0例老年动脉硬化患者进行彩色多普勒超声检测视网膜中央动脉血流频谱参数 ,并与正常对照组进行对比研究。结果 :动脉硬化组Ⅰ期血管硬化与正常对照组各项参数比较 ,均未见统计差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。Ⅱ期血管硬化视网膜中央动脉RI明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。两组间的血流频谱参数 ,经 χ2 检验 ,有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。动脉硬化程度与RI呈正相关 ,与血管内径呈负相关 ,动脉硬化程度愈明显 ,视网膜中央动脉舒张末期血流速度减慢 ,血管内径缩小 ,搏动指数和阻力指数增大 ,呈较明显的低灌注、高回流状态。结论 :老年视网膜动脉硬化应用彩色多普勒超声检测的血流频谱参数能较准确的反映视网膜动脉各期的硬化情况 ,对判断心脑血管疾病的进展和预后提供有效信息。     

颈动脉彩超联合颅脑MRI可评估前循环动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者的病情

目的  探究前循环动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者采用颈动脉彩超联合颅脑MRI评估病情严重程度临床价值。方法  回顾性分析2021年1月~2021年11月医院收治50例前循环动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者的资料,依据美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表评分,将患者分别纳入轻型脑梗死组（≤7分,n=40）与重型脑梗死组（> 7分,n=10）。患者均接受颈动脉彩超及颅脑MRI检查,分析两者联合在患者病情严重程度上评估价值。结果  重型脑梗死组患者不稳定斑块比例、狭窄率、搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）均高于轻型脑梗死组患者,峰值流速（PSV）、舒张末期流速（EDV）低于轻型脑梗死组患者（P < 0.05）;重型脑梗死组患者表面弥散系数（ADC）低于轻型脑梗死组患者（P < 0.05）,两组患者T1WI信号与T2WI信号检出情况的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;Spearman相关性分析显示,ADC、不稳定斑块、PI、RI、PSV、EDV与患者病情严重程度存在相关性（P < 0.05）;ROC曲线显示ADC、不稳定斑块、PI、PSV、RI、EDV用于重型脑梗死评估曲线下面积分别为0.638、0.556、0.600、0.608、0.798、0.713,各指标联合曲线下面积值为0.968。结论  前循环动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者病情可以采用颈动脉彩超与颅脑MRI进行评估,两者用于患者病情严重程度评估均有一定价值。      

Duplex Doppler sonography of the flaccid penis: potential role in the evaluation of impotence

PURPOSE: Duplex Doppler sonography of the cavernosal arteries of the penis with intracavernous injection (ICI) of vasoactive agents has been widely used to evaluate arterial insufficiency in impotence. Our goal was to assess the potential value of peak systolic velocity (PSV) measurements on the flaccid penis in the diagnosis of arteriogenic impotence. METHODS: Forty-four men underwent duplex Doppler sonography with PSV measurements before and after ICI of prostaglandin E(1). Three different cutoff values for lowest normal PSV before injection-5 cm/second, 10 cm/second, and 15 cm/second-were tested. RESULTS: Thirteen patients had arteriogenic insufficiency based on post-ICI duplex sonography and clinical response. Results for our different cutoff PSV values of 5 cm/second, 10 cm/second, and 15 cm/second in diagnosing arteriogenic impotence were, respectively: sensitivity 29%, 96%, and 100%; specificity 100%, 92%, and 23%; negative predictive value 80%, 92%, and 100%; positive predictive value 100%, 81%, and 41%; and overall accuracy 79%, 93%, and 44%. In the flaccid state, there was a significant difference in mean PSV between the "normal" group (12.6 +/- 0.9 cm/second) and the arteriogenic impotence group (7.7 +/- 1.1 cm/second). Twenty-nine patients with a bilateral PSV of 10 cm/second or less before ICI had a normal clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: A cutoff PSV value of 10 cm/second in the flaccid state had the best accuracy in predicting arterial insufficiency. Duplex Doppler sonography is proposed as the initial test to evaluate the penile arterial supply and to determine whether patients are good candidates for therapy with ICI.     

代谢综合征患者颈动脉与肠系膜上动脉病变的相关性研究

目的 探讨代谢综合征（MS）患者颈动脉与肠系膜上动脉（SMA）病变的相关性研究.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声对72例MS患者（MS组）及70例健康体检者（对照组）同时作颈动脉和SMA检查,检测两支动脉血管壁病变及颈总动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）、收缩期峰值速度（PSV）、舒张末期速度（EDV）、搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）,以研究两支动脉血管病变的相关性.结果 72例MS患者中,48例存在颈动脉病变,39例存在SMA病变,38例同时伴有两处病变,颈动脉病变与SMA病变存在79.2%重合现象.MS组颈总动脉和SMA的PI、RI均较对照组减慢（P〈0.05）,MS组颈动脉PSV、ESV均较对照组减低,SMA的PSV、ESV则均较对照组加快（P〈0.05）,且两支血管间各参数指标存在显著相关性（r=0.804）.结论 MS患者易发生头颈部动脉病变,同样也可以引起腹腔主要供血动脉如SMA发生相应病变,而且两支动脉血管病变之间存在显著相关性.     

Evaluation of differences between observers and automatic-manual measurements in calculation of Doppler parameters.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to search for differences between observers and automatic and manual measurements in calculations of Doppler parameters. METHODS: The middle cerebral artery (MCA), central retinal artery, ophthalmic artery (OA), common carotid artery (CCA), vertebral artery (VA), popliteal artery (PA), interlobar renal artery (IRA), and arcuate renal artery (ARA) were evaluated in 20 healthy subjects bilaterally. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMAX), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) were measured from the same spectrum manually by 3 observers and automatically. Results of 4 measurements were compared by analysis of variance and Pearson tests. RESULTS: The comparison of the 4 measurements revealed significant differences for most parameters except TAMAX of the OA, VA, and ARA and PSV, EDV, and PI of the PA. An automatic calculator yielded lower PSV, RI, and PI values (except the MCA and PA) and higher EDV values compared with manual measurements. The magnitudes of difference were in the range of 1% to 16% for velocities and 4% to 14% for RI and PI. The means of difference were 3.185 cm/s for PSV of the CCA and 0.054 for RI of the IRA. Correlation was high for PSV, EDV, and TAMAX in all arteries (except TAMAX of PA) and relatively low for PI and RI in most of the arteries. CONCLUSIONS: Although our study was performed on healthy subjects, our results showed that, in most cases, readers and the automatic approach disagreed on evaluation of Doppler parameters. This may be important in preventing false diagnoses in cases with Doppler values close to upper limits and may necessitate establishment of new limits for each method.     

腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术对睾丸动脉血流参数的影响

目的 应用彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)技术观察腹腔镜左侧精索静脉高位结扎术对该侧睾丸内动脉(ITA)和包膜动脉(CA)血流参数的影响.方法 选择29例左侧精索静脉曲张并行同侧腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术的患者,使用CDFI技术在术前1周和术后3、6个月检测双侧CA和ITA向心支的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)及搏动指数(PI).结果 手术前后比较,患者左侧ITA和CA的RI、PI及PSV值均降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中RI、PI的改变较PSV降低更明显(P＜0.01).术后6个月各指标较术后3个月下降更明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但EDV无明显变化,差异无统计学意义.患者右侧ITA和CA的各血流参数值手术前后比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术后患者患侧ITA和CA的血流动力学参数均有显著改善;ITA和CA的RI、PI值可作为检测腹腔镜精索静脉结扎术后患者手术效果的一项重要指标.     

彩色多普勒超声对功能性再发性腹痛儿童肠系膜上动脉的血流动力学研究

目的通过研究功能性再发性腹痛（RAP）儿童肠系膜上动脉（SMA）血流动力学的变化,探讨功能性RAP与SMA血流动力学变化的相关性。方法超声测量40例功能性RAP儿童SMA的直径、血流量、收缩期峰值速度（PSV）、舒张末期速度（EDV）、搏动指数及阻力指数,并与45例健康儿童（对照组）比较。结果功能性RAP儿童组SMA的PSV、EDV、直径、血流量较对照组降低（P〈0．01）,搏动指数及阻力指数在两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论功能性RAP儿童的SMA部分血流动力学指标降低,其变化对于功能性RAP的临床诊断具有参考价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对兔膝骨性关节炎诊断及治疗的实验研究

目的　探讨彩色多普勒超声对实验性膝骨性关节炎诊断及治疗疗效观察的应用价值。方法　对 3 6只大白兔实验性膝骨性关节炎做治疗前后患肢股动脉下段的彩色多普勒超声检测 ,并做血液流变学及病理学分析。结果　患肢股动脉下段血流速明显减缓 ,阻力指数、搏动指数升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,关节表面粗糙 ,软骨变薄 ,关节腔积液。治疗后血流速增加 ,阻力指数、搏动指数降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,关节表面回声变清晰。结论　彩色多普勒超声对膝骨性关节炎的诊断及治疗疗效的观察具较高的应用价值     

Evaluation of severe transplant renal artery stenosis with Doppler sonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate and determine Doppler criteria for predicting a severe transplant renal artery stenosis (80%-99% diameter reduction) and to compare the Doppler findings in patients with end-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis. METHODS: We performed Doppler sonography on 16 consecutive patients with transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) confirmed by digital subtraction arteriography (DSA). Fourteen patients had end-to-end anastomosis, and 2 had end-to-side anastomosis. Eleven patients were re-evaluated with color Doppler sonography within 4 days after intervention. Seven Doppler parameters, including the peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the renal, iliac and interlobar artery, Pre-PSV ratio (the ratio of the PSV in the renal artery to that in the iliac artery), Post-PSV ratio (the ratio of the PSV in the renal artery to that in the interlobar arteries, acceleration time and resistance index, were measured. In the patients with severe TRAS the measurements of these parameters were compared before and after successful intervention. RESULTS: In the 16 patients with a single transplanted kidney, arteriography demonstrated 14 main renal arteries with severe stenosis, and 3 renal arteries with moderate stenosis. When using the cutoff values of Post-PSV ratio >13, renal artery PSV >4 m/sec, acceleration time >0.06 second, and resistance index <0.5 for the detection of all 14 severe stenoses, the sensitivities were 100%, 71%, 93%, and 50%, respectively. For assessing all 14 severe stenoses and 12 severe stenoses of end-to-end anastomosis, the cutoff value of Pre-PSV ratio >5 had sensitivities of 86% and 100%, respectively. Pre-PSV ratios in severe stenoses of end-to-end anastomosis (range, 5.1-11.5) were significantly greater than those recorded in severe stenoses of end-to-side anastomosis (range, 2.8-3.1). Statistically significant differences before and after successful intervention were found for all 7 Doppler parameters in the 7 patients with severe stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: An 80%-99% diameter reduction of the renal artery can be diagnosed based on a Post-PSV ratio >13 for patients with either end-to-end or end-to-side anastomosis. A Pre-PSV ratio >5 for patients with end-to-end anastomosis and acceleration time >0.06 second are helpful in the diagnosis of severe TRAS.     

糖尿病大鼠视网膜中央动、静脉血流动力学观察

目的通过对糖尿病(DM)大鼠视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、静脉(CRV)血流检测,结合视网膜血管消化铺片结果,研究糖尿病早期视网膜血流动力学的变化规律.方法采用右下腹腔内一次性注射Streptozotocin 60 mg/kg诱导Wistar大鼠糖尿病模型52只,分别于成模后1、2、3、4、5和6个月,行彩色多普勒超声(CDI)检查,检查结束后处死大鼠,取出左眼球固定于4%多聚甲醛中,行视网膜血管消化铺片、PAS染色.糖尿病大鼠成模后1～6个月分别标记为DM1、 DM2、 DM3、 DM4、 DM5、DM6.结果 DM1时,CRA的收缩期血流峰值(PSV)减低,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);随病程延长,PSV、舒张末期血流峰值(EDV)和平均流速峰值(MV)减低持续减低,在DM6达到最低水平;阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)及CRV血流参数在DM5、6时显著增高;DM3,视网膜血管周细胞出现形态学改变;DM4以后,周细胞逐渐减少,内皮细胞逐渐增多,逐渐出现大量的、闭塞的血管和血管瘤.结论 CRA的PSV、EDV的改变发生在糖尿病视网膜微血管出现病理改变之前,是糖尿病早期视网膜血流变化最敏感的指标;MV、PI、RI的改变提示视网膜微血管病理性改变的发生,与血管闭塞和大量无灌注区的形成有关.通过对CRA、CRV血流参数的变化的观察可以推测糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的病变程度.     

2型糖尿病非增殖期黄斑水肿患者眼球后动脉血流动力学的超声评价

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声评价糖尿病视网膜病变非增殖期黄斑水肿患者眼球后动脉血流动力学的价值。方法选取2型糖尿病非增殖期黄斑水肿患者30例(46只眼)为病例组,2型糖尿病非增殖期视网膜病变患者30例(60只眼)为对照组,应用彩色多普勒超声检测两组视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、眼动脉(OA)、睫状后短动脉(PCA)的血流参数,并对其结果进行对比分析。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各血流参数对糖尿病黄斑水肿的诊断价值。结果病例组CRA、PCA血流频谱均较对照组低平、圆钝,病例组OA血流频谱与对照组相似。病例组CRA的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)及阻力指数(RI)均较对照组减低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);病例组PCA的PSV、EDV均较对照组减低(均P<0.05),RI与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;病例组OA的各血流参数与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义。以CRA的PSV 7.655 cm/s、EDV 2.925 cm/s及RI 0.645为截断值,诊断黄斑水肿的敏感性分别为80.0%、60.7%及63.8%,特异性分别为76.1%、76.1%及70.0%,曲线下面积分别为0.783、0.720及0.692。以PCA的PSV8.75 cm/s、EDV 2.56 cm/s为截断值诊断黄斑水肿的敏感性分别为75.0%、81.3%,特异性分别为61.4%、60.9%,曲线下面积分别为0.536、0.533。结论彩色多普勒超声可以监测糖尿病非增殖期黄斑水肿患者眼球后动脉血流动力学的改变,为临床早期治疗提供可靠依据。     

直肠腔内超声血流动力学参数与剪切波弹性成像在直肠癌鉴别诊断及T分期中的应用研究

目的：探讨直肠腔内超声(ERUS)血流动力学参数与剪切波弹性成像(SWE)在直肠癌鉴别诊断及T分期中的应用价值。方法：选取128例直肠肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,选取时间为2018年5月至2020年6月,经病理活检确诊为直肠癌(恶性组)共68例、直肠腺瘤(良性组)共60例,均予以超声、剪切波弹性成像技术检查,对比恶性组与良性组的RI、PI、PSV、EDV等血流动力学参数、Emean指标;观察直肠癌不同分期血流动力学参数与Emean值;以及评估RI、PI、PSV、EDV、血流动力学综合参数、Emean诊断直肠癌的AUC、敏感度、特异度、约登指数。结果：恶性组的RI、PI低于良性组,而PSV、EDV、Emean均高于良性组(P＜0.05)。单因素方差分析显示,T1、T2、T2、T4期的RI、PI、PSV、EDV、Emean比较,差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,RI、PI、PSV、EDV、血流动力学综合参数、Emean诊断直肠癌的AUC分别为(0.914、0.747、0.666、0.839、0.999、0.996,P＜0.05);敏感度分别为88.20%、48.50%、72.10%、64.70%、98.50%、100.00%;特异度为83.30%、100.00%、56.70%、95%、98.30%、93.30%。结论：ERUS血流动力学参数与SWE用于直肠癌鉴别诊断中均具有较高的临床价值,其中SWE可作为ERUS的辅助手段,两者联合能更好地进行T分期,为临床诊治提供客观依据。     

正常人肝动脉及其分支的彩色多普勒探查

目的探讨正常人的肝动脉及其分支的血流动力学特点.方法应用彩色多普勒超声对30例正常人肝动脉及其分支,包括第一肝门处肝动脉主干(HA1)、门静脉左支矢状切面处的左肝动脉(HA2)、右肝动脉近末梢支(HA3)的血流进行多普勒频谱分析,观察搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、平均流速(Vm)和舒张末流速(EDV).结果正常人HA1及其HA2超声显示率100%,HA3显示率为80%(24/30).各级肝动脉的PI(搏动指数)和RI(阻力指数)无明显统计学差异,而各级肝动脉的流速(包括PSV、Vm、EDV)自主干向分支递减,各组间存在明显统计学差异.结论影响肝动脉的彩色多普勒显示率和频谱参数的因素较多,超声医师必须熟悉解剖,掌握操作技巧和彩色多普勒技术,寻找合适的检查部位.     

Hemodynamic effects of subclavian steal phenomenon on contralateral vertebral artery

PURPOSE: Increased blood flow velocity in the contralateral vertebral artery (VA) is a common finding in subclavian steal syndrome, but its clinical relevance is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the degree of velocity increase in the contralateral VA correlated with the severity of the steal. METHODS: In a retrospective study of 62 patients with subclavian steal phenomenon and 62 sex- and age-matched controls, we analyzed the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (MV), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) of the Doppler spectrum of the VA contralateral to the subclavian steal phenomenon. Clinical information including sex, age, comorbidities and Doppler data were recorded from the sonography registration form. RESULTS: In patients with subclavian steal syndrome, Doppler spectral analysis showed a complete reversal of flow in the VA in 29 patients (group A) and an alternating flow in 33 patients (group B). The PSV, MV, RI, and PI of the contralateral VA of patients from both groups were higher than in controls (p < 0.01 for both comparisons). The PSV, EDV, and MV in the contralateral VA were higher in patients with reversed flow compared with those with alternating flow (p < 0.05). Comparisons of clinical symptoms and comorbidities between the two groups did not yield significant findings. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of flow velocity increase in the contralateral VA artery correlates well with the severity of subclavian steal phenomenon.     

Splenic artery Doppler in the prediction of the small-for-gestational age infant.

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that, as with other areas of the peripheral circulation, fetal splenic artery blood flow undergoes changes in small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses due to a redistribution of cardiac output, and that the Doppler peak systolic velocity (PSV) reflects such changes and thus may be used to predict fetuses being SGA. METHODS: Splenic artery Doppler PSV, end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistance index (RI) and umbilical artery RI were measured prospectively in fetuses at risk for being SGA at birth. Normal reference data were generated from appropriately grown fetuses delivering at > or = 37 weeks without complications, and SGA was defined as birth weight < 10th percentile. The Doppler indices were expressed as multiples of the normal median (MoM) for gestational age. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, optimal Doppler thresholds for the detection of SGA cases were determined and the areas under the curves calculated. The analysis was limited to singleton pregnancies delivered within 2 weeks of the last Doppler examination. RESULTS: There were 88 study patients of which 60 had SGA babies. The mean gestational age at Doppler examination was 31.4 weeks with a mean interval of 5.6 days from Doppler to delivery. The splenic artery PSV was lower in SGA, compared to normal cases: mean PSV (MoM), 0.93 vs. 1.09, respectively (P = 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve were 70.0%, 72% and 0.734, respectively (P < 0.003), for the PSV in the prediction of delivery of a SGA fetus. For the splenic artery RI, values were 70%, 46% and 0.539, respectively (not significantly different), and for umbilical artery RI these were 70%, 61% and 0.689, respectively (P < 0.01). Splenic artery EDV was significantly reduced in SGA vs. normally grown fetuses (0.924 MoM vs. 1.145 MoM, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Fetal splenic artery PSV decreases in SGA infants, and is a strong predictor of the delivery of a SGA infant. It appears to be superior to the standard Doppler index, the RI, in predicting this outcome.     

急性胰腺炎床边指数评分对疾病程度及预后的预测价值

目的与急性胰腺炎（acute pancreatitis,AP）传统评分系统进行比较,探讨急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数（bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis,BISAP）评分对疾病程度及预后的预测价值。方法 202例AP患者分别行BISAP、急性生理和慢性健康状况评分（Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ）及Ranson评分,比较分析3种评分系统预测AP严重程度、局部并发症、器官功能衰竭的价值。结果 202例AP患者,轻症急性胰腺炎（mild acute pancreatitis,MAP）103例,重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancreatitis,SAP）99例;SAP患者发生局部并发症62例,器官功能衰竭60例,23例二类并发症均存在;BISAP评分预测SAP的AUC为0.881（95%CI：0.836-0.927）,最佳cutoff值为2,其预测SAP敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为88.89%、71.84%、75.21%和87.06%;预测SAP患者局部并发症的AUC为0.715（95%CI：0.644-0.785）,最佳cutoff值为3,预测SAP局部并发症的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为77.42%、75.00%、57.83%和88.24%;预测SAP患者器官功能衰竭的AUC为0.884（95%CI：0.837-0.931）,最佳cutoff值为3,预测SAP患者器官功能衰竭的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为76.67%、85.21%、68.66%和89.63%。BISAP评分预测AP严重程度、局部并发症、器官功能衰竭的能力与APACHEⅡ和Ranson评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 BISAP评分对AP严重程度及预后预测价值与传统评分相同,但构成简单,主观偏倚小,可动态监测变化。