肾移植围术期少尿的血液透析治疗

目的:总结异体肾移植围术期少尿患者血液透析治疗效果。方法:我院自1995年5月～2005年5月行异体肾移植术,围术期少尿或无尿患者34例,给予血液透析及调整免疫抑制剂,抗炎、川芎嗪等治疗。结果:移植肾术后早期少尿或无尿患者原因,急性排斥反应55.9%,急性肾小管坏死38.2%,加速排斥反应5.9%。肾功能恢复31例,治愈率91.1%,3例移植肾切除,死亡1例,死亡原因是加速排斥反应。尿量恢复时间,最短术后7d,最长术后5个月,急性肾小管坏死组尿量恢复(15.4±8.3)d,急性排斥组尿量恢复(25.7±4.3)d。结论:合理血液透析治疗可减少并发症,提高人/肾治愈率,避免肾功能延迟恢复。     

小剂量抗CD3单克隆抗体治疗肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的临床研究

目的探讨应用小剂量抗CD3单克隆抗体(OKT3)治疗肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的效果和安全性.方法将33例发生早期急性排斥反应的肾移植病人分为两组,A组16例(OKT3 5 mg/d);B组17例(OKT3 2.5mg/d).观察排斥反应逆转情况及感染的发生率.结果A组13例(81.25%)急性排斥反应逆转,移植肾功能恢复正常;1例移植肾自发性破裂行移植肾摘除术,2例移植肾失功恢复血液透析.B组15例(88.24%)急性排斥反应逆转,移植肾功能恢复正常;1例移植肾自发性破裂行移植肾摘除术,1例移植肾失功恢复血液透析.两组排斥反应逆转率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).A组合并感染43.75%,B组5.88%;两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论小剂量OKT3治疗肾移植术后早期急性排斥反应的效果良好,并发症少,且费用较低.     

移植肾功能延迟恢复的临床研究

目的 探讨肾移植术后移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)的病因及诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析15例肾移植术后DGF患者的临床资料及诊治过程.15例DGF的病因不同,在血液透析的基础上,分别给予急性排斥反应冲击治疗、调整免疫抑制剂,近期移植肾切除后再次原位移植等方法进行治疗.结果 15例患者术后发生急性排斥8例;急性肾小管坏死5例;移植肾静脉血栓1例;环孢素A肾毒性1例,所有患者经治疗.肾功能在术后10～35 d恢复正常.随访0.5～3年,无并发症发生.结论 DGF是肾移植术后常见并发症之一,主要原因是急性排斥和急性肾小管坏死,区别不同原因采用相应治疗,可获得满意疗效.     

肾移植术后早期无尿或少尿的诊治体会

目的:探讨肾移植术后早期无尿或少尿的原因和防治措施.方法:回顾分析20例肾移植术后早期无尿或少尿患者的临床资料.结果:20例经治疗,14例在术后8～40 d内肾功能恢复;3例超级排斥反应,于术后3d行移植肾切除;1例加速性排斥反应,于术后1周出现移植肾破裂而切除;1例急性排斥反应合并严重消化道出血死亡;1例术后1个月因移植肾肾动脉夹层动脉瘤切除病肾.结论:肾移植术后早期出现无尿或少尿,应尽快分析原因,及时采取相应的综合治疗.     

早期移植肾失功后短期内再次肾移植的经验

目的 总结早期移植肾失功后再次肾移植的经验.方法 对23例符合观察标准的病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析.观察标准:初次移植肾1个月内失功,失功后1个月内行再次肾移植.结果 23例患者中22例成功,1例移植术后因合并严重肺部感染经治疗无效后死亡.急性排斥反应5例,4例治疗后逆转.移植肾功能延迟恢复3例,经血液透析过渡后肾功能恢复.术后随访1～5年,血肌酐平均(112.5±20.7)?mol/L(72～168?mol/L).结论 短期内再次肾移植是早期移植肾失功的最佳处理方式.合理应用免疫抑制剂,强调HLA-DR位点的相配程度,高PRA受者选择避开存在致敏抗体的供肾,是再次肾移植成功的关键.     

肾移植术后DGF伴有亚临床急性排斥反应的临床诊断与治疗体会

目的探讨。肾移植术后,肾功能延期恢复(DGF)伴亚临床急性排斥反应的临床诊断和治疗体会。方法我院自1999年1月至2002年3月,行尸体肾脏移植41例,其中3例病人术后出现DGF,术后1周行移植。肾穿刺活检,1例为急性肾小管坏死;另2例术后1周活检接近边界值,但始终无临床排斥反应的临床症状,行血液透析,2～3周后,再次行移植肾穿刺活检证实为急性排斥反应。结果1例急性肾小管坏死病人经血液透析2～3周后,肾功能恢复。另2例2～3周后,经再次行移植肾穿刺活检证实为急性排斥反应。经激素冲击治疗,FK506治疗后,。肾功恢复。结论肾移植术后DGF其病因较为复杂,尤其伴亚临床急性排斥反应时,缺乏典型的临床症状,临床诊断十分困难,因此,我们推荐早期行移植肾穿刺活检对于诊断和治疗非常重要。     

肾移植术后早期少尿的护理

肾移植术后尿量多少是肾移植成功与否的直观指标 ,临床上常根据每小时尿量初步判断移植肾功能。我院1995年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月行肾移植术2 4 2例 ,其中术后少尿 5 5例 ,现将术后少尿患者的护理体会报道如下。1　临床资料本组 5 5例中男 35例 ,女 2 0例 ;年龄 2 4～ 5 8岁。肾移植术后发生超急性排斥反应 (HAR) 2例 ,均于 36h内切肾 ;加速性排斥 (ACR) 3例 ,经激素、抗CD3单克隆抗体 (OKT3 )、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)等治疗后未逆转 ,均切肾 ;急性排斥反应 (AR) 2 8例 ,经激素、OKT3 、ATG等治疗后 ,2 6例逆转 ,2例肾切除 ;急性肾…     

肾移植术后急性体液性排斥反应的治疗

目的探讨肾移植术后急性体液性排斥反应的治疗方案。方法对12例肾移植术后的急性体液性排斥反应采用抗胸腺球蛋白（ATG，100mg／d×5d）、血浆置换（PP，1～3次）和大剂量丙种球蛋白（IVIG，每周1．0g／kg，分2～3次静脉滴注）联合治疗。结果12例患者排斥反应均逆转。1例患者并发急性肾小管坏死。抗排斥治疗期间未发生严重感染性并发症。随访12～38个月，1例患者在术后16个月因慢性排斥反应恢复血液透析，其余患者移植肾功能良好。结论ATG联合PP—WIG能有效逆转肾移植术后急性体液性排斥反应，成功率高，并发症少。     

早期排斥反应致移植肾功能延迟恢复的临床分析

目的探讨肾移植术后早期排斥反应所致移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)的诊断、治疗方案及效果,对远期人/肾存活的影响。方法回顾分析1999年4月~2003年4月肾移植术后早期排斥反应所致DGF患者的临床资料,共35例。结果24例术后无尿,11例术后2~5d出现少尿、无尿。经临床、彩超、移植肾穿刺活检诊断为排斥反应。所有患者接受ATG加FK506加MMF加Pred免疫抑制方案,定期透析。治疗后平均来尿时间为25d(10~98d),6个月内32例肾功能恢复正常,3年人存活率97.14%(34/35),移植肾存活率94.29%(33/35)。32例有功能肾患者的平均尿量为(1 986.4±869.7)ml/d,血肌酐(101.5±57.3)μmol/L,尿素氮(7.9±2.76)mmol/L。结论早期排斥反应所致DGF应尽早采用ATG加FK506加MMF加Pred免疫抑制方案,绝大多数都能恢复,远期人/肾存活良好。     

抗胸腺细胞球蛋白治疗肾移植术后早期耐激素的排斥反应

目的：观察抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)治疗肾移植术后早期耐激素排斥反应的效果。方法：对34例尸体肾移植术后3d内应用激素冲击治疗期间发生排斥反应的患者以及手术3d后发生耐激素排斥反应的患者采用ATG治疗。结果：其中32例排斥反应得以逆转，肾功能恢复正常，其治愈率为94．1％。2例虽然控制排斥反应，但其肾功能未能恢复，未行移植肾切除。结论：抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)治疗早期耐激素排斥反应的效果显著，可以使有耐激素排斥反应的肾移植患者获得良好的肾功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.