慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病30例分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析30例COPD合并IPA患者的临床资料。结果 COPD合并IPA临床表现、影像表现等均缺乏特异性,曲霉菌培养阳性率低,早期诊断困难,死亡率高。结论对于COPD具有危险因素者,治疗中出现病情恶化,需警惕IPA可能,应积极病原学培养、胸部CT检查及半乳甘露聚糖检测,对于诊断困难的重症患者应尽早进行经验性抗真菌治疗,以改善预后。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病12例临床分析

本文通过总结慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的临床特点,为早期诊断和治疗提供依据,得出结论 :COPD合并IPA早期诊断和治疗是改善预后的关键.最早出现的临床表现常是延长的支气管痉挛和对抗生素治疗无效的下呼吸道感染,痰中查到曲霉菌是诊断的首要线索,早期胸片可以是正常的,迅速进行CT扫描可以识别肺部的轻微改变.经纤支镜或CT引导下肺组织活检可取得组织学依据.两性霉素B、伊曲康唑、伏立康唑等对曲霉菌有较好的效果.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病并侵袭性肺曲霉菌感染临床特征分析

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)患者的临床特征及治疗转归。方法回顾性分析2010年8月至2012年12月新疆自治区人民医院收治的11例COPD(3级或4级)并IPA患者,对其临床特征及治疗转归进行分析。结果 11例患者中3例经肺组织活检临床确诊为IPA,8例为临床诊断IPA;11例患者中曲霉菌经分离并鉴定,其中6例为烟曲霉菌感染,3例为黑曲霉菌感染,另外2例未鉴定出真菌类型;5例患者进入ICU治疗,其中4例接受机械通气治疗,胸部X线及胸部CT最常见的表现是渗出,X线表现为7例、胸部CT表现为8例;两性霉素B是所有患者治疗的首选,5例患者在两性霉素B治疗后口服伏立康唑治疗并出院,6例患者死亡。结论对于重度、极重度COPD患者伴随有急性加重的呼吸困难、一般状况差、应用广谱抗生素及激素治疗下新近出现的肺部渗出影时,IPA应当作为鉴别诊断,早期诊断及治疗尤为重要,将大大降低病死率。     

肝衰竭患者合并肺曲霉菌病7例临床分析

目的：探讨肝衰竭患者合并肺曲霉菌病的临床特点。方法：收集东南大学医学院附属第二医院近4年被诊断为肝衰竭合并肺曲霉菌病7例患者的临床资料并进行相关分析。结果：7例患者均有使用广谱抗生素、人工肝治疗;5例激素治疗。临床表现为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷,血象明显增高,肺部浸润性病变。6例进行抗真菌治疗,1例死亡。行抗真菌治疗的6例病情恶化,放弃治疗,自动出院后随访均死亡。结论：肝衰竭患者合并肺曲霉菌病,大多有使用广谱抗生素、激素和人工肝治疗,处于肝衰竭终末期,病死率高,早期诊断、及时治疗可能改善预后。     

肺曲霉菌病29例临床分析

肺曲霉菌病是少见且极易被误诊的肺部感染性疾病，临床上通常将本病分为曲霉菌球、变态反应性支气管肺曲霉菌病（ABPA）和侵袭性肺曲霉菌病（IPA）3种类型。近年来，随着骨髓移植、器官移植增多，以及抗生素、激素、抗肿瘤等药物的广泛应用，肺曲霉菌病发病率呈上升趋势。现将我院2001～2006年经手术和纤维支气管镜检病理确诊的29例肺曲霉菌病患者的临床资料进行分析。     

侵袭性肺曲霉菌病11例临床分析

目的探讨侵袭性肺曲霉菌病（IPA）的危险因素、临床表现、诊断和治疗特点。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2010年10月收治的11例IPA的基础疾病、危险因素、临床表现、实验室及影像学特征、治疗和预后情况。结果 11例IPA患者确诊2例,临床诊断9例。3例患者无特殊病史,其余8例均有基础疾病。主要症状为发热、咳嗽、咯痰、咯血、胸闷和气喘。痰涂片3例、痰培养1例、肺泡灌洗液1例、胸水1例均查见曲霉菌。1,3-β-D-葡聚糖试验（G试验）及半乳甘露聚糖试验（GM试验）阳性6例。1例支气管镜活检、1例经皮肺活检病理形态学及特殊染色结果符合曲霉菌感染。影像学表现呈多样性。11例患者均接受抗真菌药物治疗,目前仍在治疗中2例,7例随诊,失访2例。6例选用伏立康唑、3例选用伊曲康唑、2例选用卡泊芬净作为初始治疗,均有疗效。结论 IPA与基础疾病及长期使用大剂量广谱抗生素、大剂量糖皮质激素等因素密切相关,主要临床表现不典型,病情进展迅速,病死率极高。诊断有赖于病理学及病原微生学结果,但随着高分辨率CT及G试验与GM实验在临床中的开展,使早期拟诊成为可能,早期予以经验性抗真菌治疗,可明显提高IPA的治愈率。     

慢性坏死性肺曲霉菌病CT表现分析

目的探讨和总结慢性坏死性肺曲霉菌病的CT诊断,提高对慢性坏死性肺曲霉菌病的认识。方法回顾性分析8例经证实的慢性坏死性肺曲霉菌病的CT表现。结果发病部位在左肺上叶4例,右肺上叶3例,右肺中叶1例。小片状磨玻璃样改变3例,小结节伴周围晕征1例,肺实变7例,空洞5例,胸腔积液6例。单侧病灶5例,双侧病灶3例。结论空洞内丝状、絮状、海绵状影为本病CT特征性表现。提高对本病的认识,可减少临床漏诊及误诊率。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并侵袭性肺曲霉病1例

1病例资料患者,男,82岁。因"反复发作咳嗽、咳痰、气喘20余年,症状加重5d"于2009年9月21日入院。患者9月13日受凉后出现发热、咳嗽、咳痰及气喘,无胸痛及呼吸困难。9月19日至本院急诊就诊,诊断为慢性阻     

结缔组织病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病20例临床分析

目的探讨结缔组织病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的易患因素、临床特征、治疗方法及预后。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院1995～2009年结缔组织病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病患者的临床资料。结果共检索肺曲霉菌病患者96例,合并结缔组织病患者20例。其中系统性红斑狼疮10例,抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）相关性血管炎5例,炎性肌病5例。长期使用糖皮质激素14例,长期使用免疫抑制剂10例,长期使用广谱抗生素10例,低蛋白血症11例。临床症状无特异性。CT显示斑片浸润影12例,结节影10例,空洞形成4例。痰培养阳性19例,支气管灌洗液培养3例,纤支镜活检病理2例,经皮肺穿活检病理2例。初始治疗：给予二性霉素B7例,依曲康唑6例,伏立康唑7例。治愈5例,好转2例,未愈2例,死亡11例（55%）。结论结缔组织病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌感染病死率髙,长期应用糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂、广谱抗生素及低蛋白血症为结缔组织病并发侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的风险因素。及时进行反复痰培养、开展有创检查,如纤支镜下肺泡灌洗、肺活检有助早期诊断,改善预后。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重患者合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的临床特征及相关因素分析

目的研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)患者合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的临床特征及相关因素。方法回顾性纳入2017年9月至2021年7月在10家大型综合医院住院治疗的AECOPD患者, 以AECOPD合并IPA患者作为病例组, 按照住院时间段及医院1∶2匹配, 并在Excel 2003软件使用随机函数选出不合并曲霉感染的AECOPD患者作为对照组, 比较两组的临床特征、治疗及预后差异;采用二元logistic回归模型分析AECOPD 患者合并IPA的相关因素。结果研究共纳入AECOPD住院患者14 007例, 其中合并IPA的患者300例, 患病率为2.14%。按上述匹配原则纳入600例不合并曲霉感染的AECOPD患者作为对照组。病例组及对照组年龄分别为(72.5±9.7)、(73.5±10.3)岁, 男性分别占78.0%(234例)和76.8%(461例), 两组年龄及性别构成差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。病例组的预后明显较对照组差, 表现为住院时间[M(Q1, Q3)]更长[14(10～20)d 比11(8～15)d, P<0.001], 入住重症监...     

伏立康唑序贯治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺曲霉菌病的临床分析

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺曲霉菌感染的临床特点及伏立康唑的临床疗效,为临床治疗提供依据。方法结合文献及临床病例回顾分析36例河北省涿州市医院收治的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺曲霉菌感染患者的临床资料及伏立康唑治疗的效果。结果慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺曲霉菌感染临床表现缺乏特异性,病情危重,但经伏立康唑早期序贯治疗后痊愈率可达25.0%（9/36）,有效率为58.3%（21/36）。结论早期积极应用伏立康唑序贯治疗,可提高慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并肺曲霉菌感染的临床疗效,降低病死率。     

Th17 cells are involved in mouse chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Background:The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has increased in the last two decades. The mechanism underpinning susceptibility to and high mortality of COPD complicated with IPA is unclear, and the role of T helper cells 17 (Th17 cells) in the compound disease remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the function of Th17 cells in COPD combined with IPA.Methods:COPD, IPA, and COPD+IPA mouse models were established in male wild type C57/BL6 mice. The amounts of Th17 cells and retinoic acid-related orphan receptors γt (RORγt) were tested by flow cytometry. Then, serum interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the control, COPD, IPA and COPD+IPA groups. In addition, COPD+IPA was induced in IL-17 knockout (KO) mice, for determining the role of Th17 cells in COPD+IPA.Results:Compared with the COPD group, the COPD+IPA group showed higher amounts of blood RORγt ([35.09 ± 16.12]% vs. [17.92 ± 4.91]%, P = 0.02) and serum IL-17 (17.96 ± 9.59 pg/mL vs. 8.05 ± 4.44 pg/mL, P = 0.02), but blood ([5.18 ± 1.09]% vs. [4.15 ± 0.87]%, P = 0.28) and lung levels of Th17 cells ([1.98 ± 0.83]% vs. [2.03 ± 0.98]%, P = 0.91), lung levels of RORγt ([9.58 ± 6.93]% vs. [9.63 ± 5.98]%, P = 0.49) and serum IL-23 (51.55 ± 27.82 pg/mL vs. 68.70 ± 15.20 pg/mL, P = 0.15) showed no significant differences. Compared with the IPA group, the COPD+IPA group displayed lower amounts of blood ([5.18 ± 1.09]% vs. [9.21 ± 3.56]%, P = 0.01) and lung Th17 cells ([1.98 ± 0.83]% vs. [6.29 ± 1.11]%, P = 0.01) and serum IL-23 (51.55 ± 27.82 pg/mL vs. 154.90 ± 64.60 pg/mL, P = 0.01) and IL-17 (17.96 ± 9.59 pg/mL vs. 39.81 ± 22.37 pg/mL, P = 0.02), while comparable blood ([35.09 ± 16.12]% vs. [29.86 ± 15.42]%, P = 0.25) and lung levels of RORγt ([9.58 ± 6.93]% vs. [15.10 ± 2.95]%, P = 0.18) were found in these two groups. Finally, Aspergillus load in IL-17 KO COPD+IPA mice was almost 2 times that of COPD+IPA mice (1,851,687.69 ± 944,480.43 vs. 892,958.10 ± 686,808.80, t = 2.32, P = 0.02).Conclusion:These findings indicate that Th17 cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD combined with IPA, with IL-17 likely playing an antifungal role.     

Prognostic value of serum galactomannan index in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Background Critically ill chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） patients admitted to an intensive care unit （ICU） due to respiratory failure are at particularly high risk of Aspergillus infection.The serum galactomannan index （GMI） has proven to be one of the prognostic criteria for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis （IPA） in classical immunocompromised patients.However,the prognostic value of serum GMI in critically ill COPD patients needs evaluation.The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of serum GMI in patients with severe COPD.Methods In this single-center prospective cohort study,serum samples for GMI assay were collected twice a week from the first day of ICU admission to the day of the patients＇ discharge or death.Patients were divided into two groups according to their clinical outcome on the 28th day of their ICU admission.Univariate analysis and survival analysis were tested in these two groups.Results One hundred and fifty-three critically ill COPD patients were included and were divided into survival group （106 cases） and non-survival group （47 cases） according to their outcome.Univariate analysis showed that the highest GMI level during the first week after admission （GMI-high 1st week） was statistically different between the two groups.Independent prognostic factors for poor outcome in severe COPD patients were：GMI-high 1st week ＞0.5 （RR：4.04,95％ CI：2.17-7.51） combined with accumulative dosage of corticosteroids ＞216 mg before the RICU admission （RR：2.25,95％ CI：1.11-4.56） and clearance of creatinine （Ccr） ＜64.31 ml/min （RR：2.48,95％ CI：1.22-5.07）.Conclusions The positive GMI-high 1st week （＞0.5） combined with an accumulative dosage of corticosteroids ＞216 mg before the ICU admission and a low Ccr may predicate a poor outcome of critically ill COPD patients.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病感染的临床特点

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病感染的临床特点,为预防和控制提供参考依据.方法 采用回顾性与前瞻性相结合的调查方法对绍兴市人民医院2009年1月-2012年12月收治的19例COPD合并IPA患者的临床特点进行分析,探讨其临床感染特点并研究其危险因素.结果 19例COPD合并IPA患者中有15例确诊,15例临床诊断,4例拟诊.肺穿刺活检出11株曲霉菌,4株烟曲霉菌.COPD合并IPA患者临床表现无特异性,多以呼吸困难、胸闷憋气、咳嗽、食欲减退、乏力和肺部哕音为主,发热、咯血为主.而CT检查发现无特异性,发现14例为慢性支气管炎、肺气肿基础上的炎性渗出影,13例表现为晕轮征,9例患者出现双肺纹理粗乱,3例表现为段叶实变影,9例表现为结节影,2例空气新月征.COPD患者继发IPA危险因素很多,其中主要的危险因素在于大量应用广谱抗菌药物和糖皮质激素,除此之外,COPD患者发生低蛋白血症以及应用侵入性留置管均可增加IPA的风险.结论 可将COPD纳入IPA的危险因素之一,对于COPD患者要特别重视其早期的临床变化及特点,反复检查其气道分泌物,反复采用CT检查对COPD继发IPA的早期诊治有积极作用,而且对于在临床上高度可疑患者不需等待影像学或培养的结果,而应快速开始预防性治疗.     

支气管肺泡灌洗联合有创机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺部感染的临床观察

目的：观察支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）联合有创机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并肺部感染呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法：将58例COPD合并肺部感染呼吸衰竭患者分为治疗组30例及对照组28例。对照组给予内科综合治疗及有创机械通气,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上每1～2天给予BAL。观察两组患者动脉血气分析指标（pH、PaO2、PaCO2）、肺部湿啰音、痰量、外周血常规白细胞总数、降钙素原的变化,并比较两组有创机械通气时间。结果：治疗4小时后两组患者pH、PaO2、PaCO2均较治疗前明显改善,治疗组较对照组改善更为明显（P〈0.05）;治疗48小时后pH、PaO2、PaCO2较治疗4小时后进一步改善,治疗组较对照组改善更为明显（P〈0.05）;治疗第3天所检测血常规白细胞总数及降钙素原均较治疗前降低,治疗组较对照组降低明显（P〈0.05）;治疗组有创机械通气时间显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗后肺部湿啰音及痰量均较治疗前减少,治疗组症状及体征改变较对照组明显。结论：BAL联合有创机械通气治疗COPD合并肺部感染呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效优于单纯有创机械通气,有利于纠正呼吸衰竭、改善临床症状、控制肺部感染、缩短有创机械通气时间。     

并发肺动脉高压患者血清OPG水平的变化及临床意义

观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）并发肺动脉高压（PH）患者血清骨保护素（OPG）水平的变化,探究其临床应用价值。方法 选取2020年12月~2021年12月于我院住院治疗的COPD患者120例作为观察组,依据超声心动图结果,将患者分为COPD组、COPD并发PH（COPD-PH）组,COPD-PH组分为轻度、中度及重度PH组,选取同期健康体检者49例作为对照组。检测并比较各组血清OPG水平。结果COPD PH组患者血清OPG水平高于COPD组,且两组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;重度PH组患者血清OPG水平高于中度PH组,且两组均高于轻度PH组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;相关性分析结果显示,血清OPG水平与PASP、PLR、NLR、CRP、NT-Pro BNP呈正相关（rs＝0.463,0.278,0.396,0.285,0.273,P＜0.05）,与氧合指数呈负相关（rs＝-0.415,P＜0.001）。结论 慢阻肺并发肺动脉高压患者血清OPG水平升高,且与肺动脉高压程度相关,动态观察该指标或可监测慢阻肺患者肺动脉高压的发生、发展     

Significance of Aspergillus spp. isolation from lower respiratory tract samples for the diagnosis and prognosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background  Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) is an emerging population at risk for invasive infection of Aspergillus. Isolation of Aspergillus from lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples is important for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of Aspergillus isolation from LRT samples for the diagnosis and prognosis of IPA in COPD population.

Methods  Clinical record with Aspergillus spp. isolation in COPD and immunocompromised patients was reviewed in a retrospective study. Patients were categorized and compared according to their severity of illness (admitted to general ward or ICU) and immunological function (COPD or immunocompromised).

Results  Multivariate statistical analysis showed that, combined with Aspergillus spp. isolation, APACHE II scores >18, high cumulative doses of corticosteroids (>350 mg prednisone or equivalent dose) and more than four kinds of broad-spectrum antibiotics received in hospital may be predictors of IPA in COPD (OR=9.076, P=0.001; OR=4.073, P=0.026; OR=4.448, P=0.021, respectively). The incidence of IPA, overall mortality, mortality of patients with IPA and mortality of patients with Aspergillus spp. colonization were higher in COPD patients in ICU than in general ward, but were similar between COPD and immunocompromised patients.

Conclusions  Aspergillus spp. isolation from LRT in COPD may be of similar importance as in immunocompromised patients, and may indicate an increased diagnosis possibility of IPA and worse prognosis when these patients received corticosteroids, antibiotics, and need to admit to ICU. Aspergillus spp. isolation from LRT samples combined with certain risk factors may be useful in differentiating colonization from IPA and evaluating the prognosis of IPA in COPD patients.

     

Significance of Aspergillus spp. isolation from lower respiratory tract samples for the diagnosis and prognosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background  Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) is an emerging population at risk for invasive infection of Aspergillus. Isolation of Aspergillus from lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples is important for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of Aspergillus isolation from LRT samples for the diagnosis and prognosis of IPA in COPD population.

Methods  Clinical record with Aspergillus spp. isolation in COPD and immunocompromised patients was reviewed in a retrospective study. Patients were categorized and compared according to their severity of illness (admitted to general ward or ICU) and immunological function (COPD or immunocompromised).

Results  Multivariate statistical analysis showed that, combined with Aspergillus spp. isolation, APACHE II scores >18, high cumulative doses of corticosteroids (>350 mg prednisone or equivalent dose) and more than four kinds of broad-spectrum antibiotics received in hospital may be predictors of IPA in COPD (OR=9.076, P=0.001; OR=4.073, P=0.026; OR=4.448, P=0.021, respectively). The incidence of IPA, overall mortality, mortality of patients with IPA and mortality of patients with Aspergillus spp. colonization were higher in COPD patients in ICU than in general ward, but were similar between COPD and immunocompromised patients.

Conclusions  Aspergillus spp. isolation from LRT in COPD may be of similar importance as in immunocompromised patients, and may indicate an increased diagnosis possibility of IPA and worse prognosis when these patients received corticosteroids, antibiotics, and need to admit to ICU. Aspergillus spp. isolation from LRT samples combined with certain risk factors may be useful in differentiating colonization from IPA and evaluating the prognosis of IPA in COPD patients.

     

慢阻肺合并肺结核患者免疫功能变化

目的探讨慢阻肺合并肺结核患者免疫功能的变化。方法选择2018年1～12月在本院诊断的慢阻肺合并肺结核患者20例、单纯慢阻肺患者20例、单纯肺结核患者20例为研究对象,另选择健康体检者20例为对照组。比较各组免疫功能。结果 COPD+肺结核组IgG显著高于COPD组、对照组(P0.05)。COPD+肺结核组IgA显著高于COPD组与对照组(P0.05)。COPD+肺结核组与COPD组NK细胞显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。COPD+肺结核组、COPD组及肺结核组CD4+T淋巴细胞显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。COPD+肺结核组、COPD组及肺结核组CD8+T淋巴细胞显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),COPD+肺结核组、COPD组及肺结核组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。COPD+肺结核组、COPD组及肺结核组CD4+/CD8+显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),COPD+肺结核组、COPD组及肺结核组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 COPD合并肺结核患者体液免疫反应增强,而细胞免疫受到抑制。