大鼠烫伤后肾上腺内含降钙素基因相关肽神经的改变

目的探讨皮肤烫伤早期大鼠肾上腺内降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)变化规律,为阐明烫伤后肾上腺内分泌功能改变的机理提供资料。方法采用15%深Ⅱ度大鼠烫伤模型,以免疫组化方法分别检测烫伤后不同时相点肾上腺皮质、髓质 CGRP 免疫反应阳性神经和细胞分布密度的改变。结果①在肾上腺被膜,皮质,髓质均有含 CGRP 神经分布,其中髓质更为密集。在髓质可见含 CGRP 神经与 CGRP 免疫反应阳性细胞密切接触;②烫伤早期大鼠肾上腺皮质和髓质含 CGRP神经的分布密度均下降,但髓质内 CGRP 免疫反应阳性细胞的分布密度上升。结论降钙素基因相关肽可能是烫伤大鼠肾上腺功能改变的影响因素之一。     

大鼠烫伤后肾上腺内含降钙素基因相关肽神经的改变

目的探讨皮肤烫伤早期大鼠肾上腺内降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）变化规律,为阐明烫伤后肾上腺内分泌功能改变的机理提供资料。方法采用１５％深Ⅱ度大鼠烫伤模型,以免疫组化方法分别检测烫伤后不同时相点肾上腺皮质、髓质ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性神经和细胞分布密度的改变。结果①在肾上腺被膜,皮质,髓质均有含ＣＧＲＰ神经分布,其中髓质更为密集。在髓质可见含ＣＧＲＰ神经与ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性细胞密切接触;②烫伤早期大鼠肾上腺皮质和髓质含ＣＧＲＰ神经的分布密度均下降,但髓质内ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性细胞的分布密度上升。结论降钙素基因相关肽可能是烫伤大鼠肾上腺功能改变的影响因素之一。     

大鼠皮肤降钙素基因相关肽正常分布及烫伤后改变规律

目的探讨皮肤创面降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的来源。方法运用免疫组化技术检测烫伤后早期大鼠皮肤烫伤创面,创周及远处未损伤皮肤内含 CGRP 的神经分布密度改变。结果烫伤后15 min 在以上所有部位的含 CGRP 神经纤维分布密度明显下降。烫伤后6至12 h 达到最低值,而后逐渐恢复,相比之下,在创周恢复过程出现较早;此外,在创面和创周的真皮层 CGRP免疫反应阳性的巨噬细胞样大细胞从局部血管中游出,烫伤后12 h 该细胞与含 CGRP 神经关系密切,烫伤后24 h 该细胞染色增强,破碎并释放大量 CGRP 免疫反应阳性的颗粒状物质,而后这些细胞在局部消失。结论在皮肤创面针对烧伤损害 CGRP 可能不仅从皮肤神经末端释放,也能由局部炎性细胞合成释放。     

大鼠皮肤降钙素基因相关肽正常分布及烫伤后改变规律

目的 探讨皮肤创面降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）的来源。方法 运用免疫组化技术检测烫伤后早期大鼠皮肤烫伤创面,创周及远处未损伤皮肤内含ＣＧＲＰ的神经分布密度改变。结果 烫伤后１５ｍｉｎ在以上所有部位的含ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维分布密度明显下降,烫伤后６至１２ｈ达到最低值,而后逐渐恢复,相比之下,在创周恢复过程出现较早;此外,在创面和创周的真皮层ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性的巨噬细胞样大细胞从局部血管中游出,烫伤后１     

烫伤大鼠垂体前叶P物质和降钙素基因相关肽神经的变化

目的　观察烫伤早期大鼠垂体前叶P物质 (SP)与降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)神经的形态分布变化。　方法　采用大鼠 30 %TBSAⅢ度烫伤模型 ,于伤后 1、2、6、10、12、2 4、72h 7个时相点 ,对垂体前叶SP和CGRP两种肽能神经行免疫组织化学染色观察 ;经图像分析测定 ,比较两种神经覆盖面积的变化。　结果　两种肽能神经的形态变化明显 ;伤后 1hSP、CGRP神经数目与对照相比分别增加 85 .7%和 6 0 .5 % ,神经纤维的膨体、分枝等明显增多 ;2h后减少 ,2 4h后趋于恢复。图像分析显示 :两种肽能神经的覆盖面积呈正相关变化 ,其基本变化趋势为伤后 1h升高 ,随后降低 ,伤后 12h降至最低点 ,然后回升。　结论　烫伤后早期大鼠垂体前叶的SP与CGRP神经形态分布发生明显变化 ,可能参与了全身应激反应的功能调节     

大鼠皮肤降钙素基因相关肽正常分布及烫伤后改变规律

目的探讨皮肤创面降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）的来源。方法运用免疫组化技术检测烫伤后早期大鼠皮肤烫伤创面,创周及远处未损伤皮肤内含ＣＧＲＰ的神经分布密度改变。结果烫伤后１５ｍｉｎ在以上所有部位的含ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维分布密度明显下降,烫伤后６至１２ｈ达到最低值,而后逐渐恢复,相比之下,在创周恢复过程出现较早;此外,在创面和创周的真皮层ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性的巨噬细胞样大细胞从局部血管中游出,烫伤后１２ｈ该细胞与含ＣＧＲＰ神经关系密切,烫伤后２４ｈ该细胞染色增强,破碎并释放大量ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应阳性的颗粒状物质,而后这些细胞在局部消失。结论在皮肤创面针对烧伤损害ＣＧＲＰ可能不仅从皮肤神经末端释放,也能由局部炎性细胞合成释放。     

背根神经节内P物质、降钙素基因相关肽免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递

目的:探讨背根神经节(DRG)内P物质(SP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息传递之间的关系。方法:通过荧光金(FG)逆行标记对大鼠阴茎包皮系带内神经末梢的来源作追踪定位,并结合SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记法,研究大鼠DRG内FG标记阳性神经元中SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元的形态和分布。结果:FG逆行标记结果发现,大鼠阴茎包皮系带内的神经末梢起源于第6腰髓对应的背根神经节(L6-DRG)和第1骶髓对应的背根神经节(S1-DRG)的神经元。对这些神经元分别作SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记后发现,标记细胞大小不等,分别呈深红色和深绿色,沿神经束成行排列或散在分布。FG/SP、FG/CGRP双标记阳性细胞均为中小型,其数量分别占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1/3和1/2,FG/SP/CGRP三标记阳性细胞占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1/5。结论:大鼠L6-DRG和S1-DRG内的SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元可能参与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递。     

蓬子菜冲剂对降钙素基因相关肽和肾上腺髓质素水平的影响

目的:观察蓬子菜冲剂对股动脉闭塞症家兔的降钙素基因相关肽和肾上腺髓质素的水平的影响。方法:建立股动脉闭塞症家兔模型,并观察蓬子菜冲剂对其血浆降钙素基因相关肽和肾上腺髓质素的影响。结果:股动脉闭塞症家兔的降钙素基因相关肽和肾上腺髓质素水平降低。蓬子菜冲剂能够明显提高降钙素基因相关肽和肾上腺髓质素的水平,且效果类似康脉胶囊。结论:蓬子菜冲剂治疗动脉闭塞症的机理与调节降钙素基因相关肽和肾上腺髓质素水平相关。     

CGRP介导束缚应激大鼠骨代谢的实验研究

目的探讨降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)在慢性束缚应激大鼠骨退化中的作用。方法建立束缚应激大鼠模型,随机分为正常组(CON);束缚7 d组(A组);束缚14 d组(B组);束缚21 d组(C组),每组10只。观察股骨软骨下骨组织结构、细胞形态变化;用特异性放射免疫分析方法测定各组大鼠外周血、观察各组降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的改变。免疫组化染色检测各组软骨下骨组织CGRP的阳性表达。结果应激后C组大鼠细胞存活率下降(P﹤0.01)。C组外周血及软骨下骨CGRP的阳性细胞表达数均低于正常对照组,含量明显降低(P0.01)。结论在长期慢性束缚应激过程中低表达的神经肽导致骨代谢失衡,并显示退化状态。     

背根神经节内P物质、降钙素基因相关肽免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递

目的：探讨背根神经节（DRG）内P物质（SP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息传递之问的关系。方法：通过荧光金（FG）逆行标记对大鼠阴茎包皮系带内神经末梢的来源作追踪定位，并结合SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记法，研究大鼠DRG内FG标记阳性神经元中SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元的形态和分布。结果：FG逆行标记结果发现，大鼠阴茎包皮系带内的神经末梢起源于第6腰髓对应的背根神经节（L6-DRG）和第1骶髓对应的背根神经节（S1-DRG）的神经元。对这些神经元分别作SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记后发现，标记细胞大小不等，分别呈深红色和深绿色，沿神经束成行排列或散在分布。FG／SP、FG／CGRP双标记阳性细胞均为中小型，其数量分别占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1／3和1／2，FG／SP／CGRP三标记阳性细胞占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1／5。结论：大鼠L6-DRG和S1-DRG内的SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元可能参与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递。     

Localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide within the genitofemoral nerve in immature rats.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been proposed to influence migration and testicular descent by release from the genitofemoral nerve. The site of CGRP within the nerve has been controversial, with conflicting views on whether CGRP is synthesised and released from the motor nerves. METHODS: The genitofemoral nerve (GFN) was retrogradely labelled by fluorescent dye (DAPI) in 25 Sprague-Dawley rats (days 5, 16, and 31, n = 8 in each group; day 35, n = 1). Spinal cords and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were removed two to three days later and sectioned for immunofluorescence. Substance P and CGRP-containing cells were labelled with fluorescein-linked antibodies. Specimens were examined by double fluorescence to identify cells with both markers. RESULTS: The motor nucleus of the GFN contained 119 cells on day 7 and 284 cells by days 19 through 34. A prominent band of CGRP-containing fibers, arising from the dorsal horn, synapsed with the GFN motor nucleus itself. CGRP-labelled GFN cells were found in the DRG by double labelling. CONCLUSIONS: CGRP from the GFN may affect gubernacular migration by release from the sensory nerves, rather than motor nerves as previously thought. The GFN motor nucleus receives CGRP-containing innervation from the dorsal horn, which may form part of the cremasteric reflex.     

Development and regression of the fetal adrenal cortex

The adrenal glands from a series of 300 fetuses and infants which had died in the Hospital Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris, were dissected, weighed and processed for routine histology. The development of the fetal cortex and its regression have been compared to the general development of the gland. Our results show that there is an important development of the fetal cortex up to birth, when the adrenal glands represent almost one third of the size of the kidneys and possess only very reduced permanent cortex and practically no medulla. The regression of the fetal cortex in the postnatal period is marked by a decrease in weight of the adrenal glands up to the 2nd or 3rd month, by the persistence of a few dispersed cells up to the fifth month and by the persistence of a few fibrous elements up to 2 years of age.     

Direct evidence of alpha-adrenoceptor binding in rat and human adrenal glands

In order to determine whether or not alpha-adrenoceptors are present in adrenal glands, radioligand receptor binding assay was performed in both Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat and human adrenal gland membranes. Radioligand binding assay using 3H-prazosin as an alpha 1-adrenoceptor ligand and 3H-yohimbine as an alpha 2-adrenoceptor ligand, clearly demonstrated alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors present in both rat and human adrenal gland membranes. Maximal binding capacity (Bmax) and dissociation constant (Kd) of 3H-prazosin binding to the rat adrenal gland were 12.5 fmol/mg protein, and 0.11 nM, respectively. Those for the membrane preparations from adrenal cortex and medulla of the normal human were 16.3 fmol/mg protein, 0.34 nM and 16.3 fmol/mg protein, 0.27 nM, respectively. And those of the human pheochromocytoma were 25.6 fmol/mg protein, 0.15 nM, respectively. On the other hand, Bmax and Kd of 3H-yohimbine binding in the rat adrenal gland to were 22.9 fmol/mg protein, and 4.28 nM, respectively. Those for the membrane preparations from adrenal cortex and medulla of the normal human were 40.4 fmol/mg protein, 5.15 nM and 12.2 fmol/mg protein, 5.39 nM, respectively. And those of the human pheochromocytoma were 35.8 fmol/mg protein, and 1.08 nM, respectively. Bmax (35.8 fmol/mg protein) of 3H-yohimbine binding in the pheochromocytoma was significantly (p less than 0.01) greater than that (12.2 fmol/mg protein) in the human normal adrenal medulla, while Kd (1.08 nM) of this binding in the human pheochromocytoma was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than that (5.39 nM) in the human normal adrenal medulla. Our data suggest that the alpha 2 receptor had greater affinity and binding site density to its agonist in the human pheochromocytoma than in the human normal adrenal medulla.     

Ultrastructural characteristics of the adrenal gland

The Adrenal glands can be viewed as sustaining vital processes in the human body, through two different but related components: the cortex and the medulla. It is well known that the close connection between the cortical cells is able not only to support the adrenal functions, but in the same time to serve the better understanding of the normal way of its hormonal production. Using the ultrastructural study of the adrenal gland, we obtain images which can provide informations about details of the cellular structure, in the eventuality that all this work will continue to improve to the point that we might be able to completely understand the complex interrelations between the structure of each cell and the function of the whole organ.     

Cografts of adrenal medulla and peripheral nerve in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Systemic injection of MPTP damages the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in C57B1/6 mice. Since transected peripheral nerve segments are known to produce nerve growth factor, we performed adrenal medullary grafts or cografts of adrenal medulla and sciatic nerve into the striatum of MPTP-treated mice, and compared the survivability of grafted chromaffin cells and the recovery of intrinsic host dopaminergic fibers. Survivability of grafted chromaffin cells increased when cografts with sciatic nerve were made, and host dopaminergic fiber recovery was more prominent in mice with cografts than in mice with adrenal grafts alone. The degree of recovery of host intrinsic dopaminergic fibers was greater in younger host striatum than in older host striatum. We conclude that cografts of adrenal medulla and sciatic nerve increase the survivability of grafted chromaffin cells better than adrenal medullary grafts alone, and that survivability of grafted chromaffin cells promotes host dopaminergic fiber recovery.