有氧运动对肥胖妇女瘦素水平的影响

目的：探讨有氧运动对肥胖妇女瘦素水平的影响以及与其他相关因素的关系。方法：对28名肥胖绝经妇女实施20周有氧运动，检测受试者血清瘦素、胰岛素浓度及形态指标。结果：形态指标有明显改善，受试者平均体质量下降(2．05&;#177;0．1)kg；空腹瘦素和胰岛素水平下降[瘦素水平：(12．59&;#177;4．38)比(11．36&;#177;9．74)μg／L，P&;lt;0．05；胰岛素水平：(9．17&;#177;2．30)比(7．76&;#177;2．21)mIU／L，P&;lt;0．05]；瘦素水平和体质量指数、体脂含量、体脂百分比、腰围、臀围和胰岛素水平显著正相关。结论：有氧运动能改善肥胖妇女的形态，对瘦素水平和胰岛素水平有下调作用。     

急性有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠瘦素水平影响的时相性

目的：观察一次性游泳运动对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠瘦素和胰岛素水平影响的时相性。 方法：实验于2003-11／2004—01在河北师范大学生命科学学院生理实验室完成。取雄性SD大鼠48只单纯随机分为6组（n=8）：对照组、运动后即刻组、运动后1，3，6，12h组。所有大鼠腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素60mg／kg制备糖尿病大鼠模型，模型成功后除对照组以外，其他5组大鼠进行一次性60min游泳运动，尾部负重3％体质量，水温30-32℃；对照组大鼠浸水后捞出。运动后相应时间点取血测血糖、血胰岛素、血瘦素，同时对血胰岛素和血瘦素水平进行相关分析。 结果：48只大鼠全部进入结果分析。①血糖：运动后即刻组、运动后1，3，6，12h组均低于对照组[（25．44&;#177;0．34），（23．57&;#177;0．12），（17．40&;#177;0．33），（7．00&;#177;0．09），（11．06&;#177;0．17），（35．33&;#177;0．30）mmol／L，P〈0．05]。②血清胰岛素：运动后即刻组、运动后1，3h组均低于对照组[（13．75&;#177;0．21），（11．64&;#177;0．28）。（13.70&;#177;0．23），（14．95&;#177;0.23）mlU／L，P〈0，05]，运动后1h组最低，至运动后6h即恢复至对照组水平[（14．56&;#177;0．22）mlU／L，P〉0．05]。③血瘦素水平：运动后即刻组低于对照组[（0．81&;#177;0．06），（1．38&;#177;0．07）μg/L，P〈0．05]，运动后1，3，6，12h组均高于运动后即刻组（P〈0．05）。④糖尿病大鼠血瘦素水平和血胰岛素水平呈显著中度正相关（R=0．416,P=0．012） 结论：①一次性60min游泳运动后即刻糖尿病大鼠血胰岛素、血瘦素水平降低，运动后1h后开始上升，至运动后6h即恢复至运动前水平。②血瘦素水平和血胰岛素水平可能相互影响。     

急性有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠瘦素水平影响的时相性

目的:观察一次性游泳运动对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠瘦素和胰岛素水平影响的时相性。方法:实验于2003-11/2004-01在河北师范大学生命科学学院生理实验室完成。取雄性SD大鼠48只单纯随机分为6组(n=8):对照组、运动后即刻组、运动后1,3,6,12h组。所有大鼠腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素60mg/kg制备糖尿病大鼠模型,模型成功后除对照组以外,其他5组大鼠进行一次性60min游泳运动,尾部负重3%体质量,水温30～32℃;对照组大鼠浸水后捞出。运动后相应时间点取血测血糖、血胰岛素、血瘦素,同时对血胰岛素和血瘦素水平进行相关分析。结果:48只大鼠全部进入结果分析。①血糖:运动后即刻组、运动后1,3,6,12h组均低于对照组[(25.44±0.34),(23.57±0.12),(17.40±0.33),(7.00±0.09),(11.06±0.17),(35.33±0.30)mmol/L,P<0.05]。②血清胰岛素:运动后即刻组、运动后1,3h组均低于对照组[(13.75±0.21),(11.64±0.28),(13.70±0.23),(14.95±0.23)mIU/L,P<0.05],运动后1h组最低,至运动后6h即恢复至对照组水平[(14.56±0.22)mIU/L,P>0.05]。③血瘦素水平:运动后即刻组低于对照组[(0.81±0.06),(1.38±0.07)μg/L,P<0.05],运动后1,3,6,12h组均高于运动后即刻组(P<0.05)。④糖尿病大鼠血瘦素水平和血胰岛素水平呈显著中度正相关(R=0.416,P=0.012)结论:①一次性60min游泳运动后即刻糖尿病大鼠血胰岛素、血瘦素水平降低,运动后1h后开始上升,至运动后6h即恢复至运动前水平。②血瘦素水平和血胰岛素水平可能相互影响。     

瘦素抵抗与老年男性肥胖高血压的关系

背景：目前已经了解血清瘦素与肥胖的关系密切，血清瘦素和胰岛素与伴有肥胖的高血压关系如何?目的：研究老年男性肥胖高血压患者血清瘦素和胰岛素水平的变化，探讨瘦素抵抗与老年男性肥胖高血压的关系。设计：以诊断为依据，设立对照的回顾性研究。单位：华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院神经内科、核医学科。对象：62例老年男性患者均来自2001—10／2002—06华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院的住院和门诊患者，年龄60—82岁。高血压的诊断采用1999年世界卫生组织建议的血压判定标准：收缩压≥140mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)和(或)舒张压390mmHg即诊断为高血压。方法：用放射免疫法测定41例高血压和21例正常血压的老年男性患者血清瘦素和胰岛素的含量。主要观察指标：老年男性肥胖患者和非肥胖者血压、体质量指数、血清瘦素和胰岛素水平。结果：高血压肥胖者较正常血压肥胖者血清瘦素和胰岛素含量分别升高1．8μg／L和2．7mIU／L，差异均有显著性意义(t=2．212，2．395，P&;lt;0．01)。高血压肥胖者较非肥胖者血清瘦素和胰岛素水平分别升高2．7μg／L和4．7mIU／L，差异均有显著性意义(t=3．348，5．113，P均&;lt;0．001)。高血压70岁以上者较高血压60-70岁者血清瘦素水平升高1．7μg／L，差异均有显著性意义(t=2．767，P&;lt;0．05)。结论：老年肥胖高血压患者存在瘦素抵抗和胰岛素抵抗．瘦素与伴肥胖的高血压有密切关系。     

针刺对肥胖大鼠瘦素和胰岛素含量的影响

目的探讨针刺对肥胖机体瘦素和胰岛素含量及其血脑转运的作用.方法将1月龄刚断乳SD雄性大鼠分为正常组、针刺组和对照组,观察针刺治疗前后肥胖大鼠体质量、体脂及中枢和外周瘦素和胰岛素水平的变化.结果肥胖大鼠体质量、体脂及血清瘦素和胰岛素水平均显著高于正常大鼠,而下丘脑瘦素和胰岛素水平均显著低于正常大鼠.针刺治疗取得良好减肥疗效的同时,针刺组肥胖大鼠血清瘦素和胰岛素水平[(13.43±1.85)μg/L,(66.92±24.71)mIU/L]与对照组[(17.23±3.07)μg/L,(172.40±74.99)mIU/L]比较,均明显回降(P＜0.05和0.01),而下丘脑瘦素和胰岛素水平却明显升高(P＜0.01和＜0.05).大鼠体质量与血中瘦素呈显著正相关(r=0.677,P＜0.01);血清瘦素与胰岛素含量呈明显正相关(r=0.538,P＜0.05).结论针刺对肥胖机体下丘脑和血中瘦素和胰岛素水平的良性调整作用可能是改善瘦素抵抗和胰岛素抵抗以及调整异常的内分泌代谢的一个重要环节.这种作用可能是针刺减肥的关键因素之一.     

运动、肥胖与瘦素

目的：就近年来国内外有关瘦素的生理学作用，瘦素与运动关系的研究，及运动对肥胖影响的研究近况，综述运动，肥胖和瘦素之间的关系。资料来源：应用计算机检索Medline1998—09／2005—09与瘦素和运动。肥胖的相关文章，检索词“Leptin，Exercises，Obesity”,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索GNBI1998—09／2005-09期间的文章，限定文章语言种类为中文，检索词“瘦素，运动，肥胖”。资料选择：对检索到的瘦素与运动、肥胖方面的相关信息进行整理，选取针对性强的文章。同一领域的文献则选择近期发表在权威杂志的文章。资料提炼：共检索到56篇相关文献，选择以瘦素为主要研究内容的文献25篇。排除31篇，其中13篇系重复同一研究。资料综合：瘦素（Leptin）是由肥胖基因（ob）编码，脂肪组织分泌的蛋白质，已知其主要功能是调控进食、能量消耗及体质量。肥胖基因发生突变时，ob基因表达减弱，血瘦素水平下降，引起肥胖及糖尿病等。Leptin的译名有苗条素、瘦素、消脂素等。运动对能量代谢的调节及肥胖的控制有明显的作用，营养过剩、活动不足、遗传被认为是导致肥胖的主要因素。因此探索运动与瘦素的关系自然就引起了研究者们的兴趣，并出现了许多关瘦素与运动的报道。结论：瘦素在运动训练中具有潜在的价值，启发人们或许可以用血液中的瘦素水平来监控运动训练。了解不同运动对瘦素的作用及机制，开展瘦素与运动的关系及其相关的神经内分泌和免疫等方面的系统研究，具有重要意义。     

运动、肥胖与瘦素

目的:就近年来国内外有关瘦素的生理学作用,瘦素与运动关系的研究,及运动对肥胖影响的研究近况,综述运动,肥胖和瘦素之间的关系。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1998-09/2005-09与瘦素和运动,肥胖的相关文章,检索词“Leptin,Exercises,Obesity”,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索CNBI1998-09/2005-09期间的文章,限定文章语言种类为中文,检索词“瘦素,运动,肥胖”。资料选择:对检索到的瘦素与运动、肥胖方面的相关信息进行整理,选取针对性强的文章。同一领域的文献则选择近期发表在权威杂志的文章。资料提炼:共检索到56篇相关文献,选择以瘦素为主要研究内容的文献25篇。排除31篇,其中13篇系重复同一研究。资料综合:瘦素(Leptin)是由肥胖基因(ob)编码,脂肪组织分泌的蛋白质,已知其主要功能是调控进食、能量消耗及体质量。肥胖基因发生突变时,ob基因表达减弱,血瘦素水平下降,引起肥胖及糖尿病等。Leptin的译名有苗条素、瘦素、消脂素等。运动对能量代谢的调节及肥胖的控制有明显的作用,营养过剩、活动不足、遗传被认为是导致肥胖的主要因素。因此探索运动与瘦素的关系自然就引起了研究者们的兴趣,并出现了许多关瘦素与运动的报道。结论:瘦素在运动训练中具有潜在的价值,启发人们或许可以用血液中的瘦素水平来监控运动训练。了解不同运动对瘦素的作用及机制,开展瘦素与运动的关系及其相关的神经内分泌和免疫等方面的系统研究,具有重要意义。     

瘦素抵抗与老年男性肥胖高血压的关系

背景目前已经了解血清瘦素与肥胖的关系密切,血清瘦素和胰岛素与伴有肥胖的高血压关系如何? 目的研究老年男性肥胖高血压患者血清瘦素和胰岛素水平的变化,探讨瘦素抵抗与老年男性肥胖高血压的关系. 设计以诊断为依据,设立对照的回顾性研究. 单位华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院神经内科、核医学科. 对象 62例老年男性患者均来自 2001- 10/2002- 06华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院的住院和门诊患者,年龄 60～ 82岁.高血压的诊断采用 1999年世界卫生组织建议的血压判定标准收缩压≥ 140 mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和(或)舒张压≥ 90 mm Hg即诊断为高血压.方法用放射免疫法测定 41例高血压和 21例正常血压的老年男性患者血清瘦素和胰岛素的含量. 主要观察指标老年男性肥胖患者和非肥胖者血压、体质量指数、血清瘦素和胰岛素水平. 结果高血压肥胖者较正常血压肥胖者血清瘦素和胰岛素含量分别升高 1.8 μ g/L和 2.7 mIU/L,差异均有显著性意义( t=2.212,2.395,P< 0.01).高血压肥胖者较非肥胖者血清瘦素和胰岛素水平分别升高 2.7 μ g/L和 4.7 mIU/L,差异均有显著性意义( t=3.348,5.113,P均 < 0.001).高血压 70岁以上者较高血压 60～ 70岁者血清瘦素水平升高 1.7 μ g/L,差异均有显著性意义( t=2.767,P< 0.05). 结论 老年肥胖高血压患者存在瘦素抵抗和胰岛素抵抗,瘦素与伴肥胖的高血压有密切关系.     

肥胖儿童血浆瘦素水平及其与糖脂代谢的关系

目的探讨肥胖儿童血浆瘦素水平的变化及其与糖脂代谢的关系,为有效开展儿童肥胖防治工作提供参考。方法随机抽取147例肥胖儿童及118例健康儿童,进行腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)、体脂百分比(%BF)、空腹血糖(FPG)、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)检测。应用放射免疫法(RIA)测定空腹胰岛素水平(FINS),计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定瘦素水平。结果肥胖儿童的TG、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR、瘦素水平明显高于健康儿童,HDL-C明显低于健康儿童。多元逐步回归分析显示,影响男生瘦素水平的顺序依次为BMI、FINS和%BF,影响女生瘦素水平的顺序依次为BMI和FINS。结论肥胖儿童存在瘦素抵抗、胰岛素抵抗和血脂紊乱,儿童瘦素水平与胰岛素水平密切相关。     

不同运动量对糖尿病大鼠血清瘦素水平的影响

目的：探讨运动与体重调节密切相关的血清瘦素水平的关系，观察不同运动量对糖尿病大鼠体重、血糖、血清胰岛素和血清瘦素的影响。方法：将实验动物分成6组，分别为正常对照组、正常运动组、糖尿病组、糖尿病小运动量组、糖尿病中运动量组和糖尿病大运动量组。运动组按Ploug方法进行游泳训练。结果：正常运动组大鼠游泳8周后的血清瘦素浓度较运动前显著降低。运动前4组糖尿病组大鼠与正常对照组相比，体重、血清胰岛素和血清瘦素水平显著降低．血糖浓度显著升高。8周后只有糖尿病中运动量组大鼠的每周体重增加数明显回升．血糖浓度较运动前降低35％，血清胰岛素浓度较运动前升高38％，血清瘦素浓度较运动前升高40％。而糖尿病小运动量组和糖尿病大运动量组大鼠运动8周后的上述指标较运动前均无显著性差异。多元相关回归分析．仅提示糖尿病大鼠血清胰岛素是血清瘦素有意义的影响因素。结论：正常生理状态下运动降低血清瘦素水平是机体为维持自身体重稳定和能量平衡的一种适应性反应；而在链脲佐菌素糖尿病状态下，瘦素似乎与胰岛素关系更密切，中等强度运动在降低血糖、改善机体对胰岛素敏感性的同时，似乎也改善了对瘦素的敏感性；运动量不足或运动量过大对糖尿病均无明显治疗效果。     

有氧运动对重度单纯性肥胖少儿血载脂蛋白的影响

目的 了解有氧运动对单纯性肥胖少儿血载脂蛋白的影响。方法 对 7 名重度单纯性肥胖少儿进行 10 周有氧运动比较运动前后血载脂蛋白(Apo)的变化。结果 重度单纯性肥胖少儿的ApoB明显高于对照组( P <0.01),但 10 周有氧运动可使肥胖少儿血ApoB降低( P <0.05),且ApoAⅠ有降低趋势( P >0.05)。结论 有氧运动可改善重度肥胖少儿的血脂质代谢紊乱。     

体育锻炼对大学生有氧运动水平的影响

目的:探讨不同的体育锻炼对大学生有氧运动水平的影响。方法:选择男、女生各4组,每组10人。男生有排球组、篮球组、足球组和游泳组。女生有排球组、篮球组、健美操组和游泳组。各组分别进行为期30周60学时的体育选项课教学,采用V.dobeln测试法对选课前、后学生最大吸氧量(maximamoxygenconsumption,VO2max)进行间接推测,同时也对12min跑后血乳酸的水平进行测定。结果:男、女生各组体育选项课后VO2max均有显著提高,与体育选项课前比较,差异均有显著性意义(t=4.24～6.10,P均<0.01);血乳酸水平体育选项课前后差异无显著性意义(t=0.52～1.20,P均>0.05);男生足球组与排球、篮球、游泳组比较VO2max有显著性差异(t=2.95,P<0.05)。结论:大学生通过体育课的学习,对提高有氧运动水平有一定的意义。     

Effect of aerobic exercise training frequency on arterial stiffness in middle-aged and elderly females

[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training frequency on arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females. [Participants and Methods] This study included 45 postmenopausal females randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: 1) low-frequency training group (aerobic exercise training twice per week); 2) high-frequency training group (aerobic exercise training four times per week); and 3) control group (no training). Each group was subjected to an 8-week intervention period. Both traditional and newer indexes were measured immediately before and after the 8-week intervention period. [Results] In the low-frequency training group, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and arterial velocity pulse index decreased post 8 weeks compared with those at baseline. In the high-frequency training group, carotid-femoral, brachial-ankle, and heart-brachial pulse wave velocities and arterial velocity pulse and arterial pressure-volume indexes decreased post 8 weeks compared to those at baseline. In the control group, no change in any indices post 8 weeks compared to those at baseline was observed. [Conclusion] Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was lower after aerobic training than before training in both the exercise groups. Thus, aerobic exercise training might have a beneficial effect on aortic stiffness, regardless of the training frequency in this population.     

Effect of a 12-week aerobic training program on perceptual and affective responses in obese women

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to observe the effect of self-selected intensity or imposed intensity during aerobic training on perceptual and affective responses in obese women. [Subjects] The study included 26 obese women aged 30–60 years. [Methods] The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, with 13 subjects in each group: self-selected intensity and imposed intensity (10% above ventilatory threshold) groups. All subjects completed an intervention program that lasted 12 weeks, with three exercise sessions a week. The rating of perceived exertion and affective responses (Feeling Scale and Felt Arousal Scale) were monitored in the first, sixth, and twelfth weeks. [Results] Significant differences were observed between groups in heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. The affective responses during exercise were more negative in the imposed intensity group. [Conclusion] Use of a self-selected exercise intensity can promote smaller negative affective responses during exercise and provide a sufficient stimulus for improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness.Key words: Self-selected exercise, Rating of perceived exertion, Affective responses     

Effect of metformin on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and leptin levels in obese nondiabetic subjects

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of metformin on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and leptin levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 10 obese nondiabetic male patients were studied before and after a 14-day treatment with 2,550 mg/day metformin and were compared with 10 untreated obese control subjects. On days 0 and 15, leptin and GLP-1(7-36)amide/(7-37) levels were assessed before and after an oral glucose load during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to avoid the interference of variations of insulinemia and glycemia on GLP-1 and leptin secretion. The effects of metformin on GLP-1(7-36)amide degradation in human plasma and in a buffer solution containing dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) were also studied. RESULTS: Leptin levels were not affected by the oral glucose load, and they were not modified after metformin treatment. Metformin induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase of GLP-1(7-36)amide/(7-37) at 30 and 60 min after the oral glucose load (63.8 +/- 29.0 vs. 50.3 +/- 15.6 pmol/l and 75.8 +/- 35.4 vs. 46.9 +/- 20.0 pmol/l, respectively), without affecting baseline GLP-1 levels. No variations of GLP-1 levels were observed in the control group. In pooled human plasma, metformin (0.1-0.5 microg/ml) significantly inhibited degradation of GLP-1(7-36)amide after a 30-min incubation at 37 degrees C; similar results were obtained in a buffer solution containing DPP-IV. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin significantly increases GLP-1 levels after an oral glucose load in obese nondiabetic subjects; this effect could be due to an inhibition of GLP-1 degradation.     

Effect of cyproheptadine on serum leptin levels

Leptin is a 167 amino acid protein encoded by the obesity gene that is synthesized in adipose tissue and interacts with receptors in the hypothalamus linked to the regulation of appetite and metabolism. It is known to suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure. Cyproheptadine is a piperidine antihistamine that increases appetite through its antiserotonergic effect on 5-HT2 receptors in the brain. Although both leptin and cyproheptadine are effective in controlling appetite, their interaction has not been addressed in clinical studies. This study evaluated serum leptin concentrations in patients who received cyproheptadine to treat a variety of disorders. Sixteen patients aged 7 to 71 years (mean, 26.25 years) were given cyproheptadine 2 to 6 mg/day for a minimum of 7 days. Body weight was measured and blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 1 week of treatment. Serum leptin levels were determined by leptin radioimmunoassay. The mean body weight at baseline (52.59 kg) did not differ significantly from that at 1 week after treatment (52.84 kg; P > .05), but the mean leptin level after 1 week of treatment with cyproheptadine (3.14 ng/mL) was 14.2% higher than that at baseline (2.75 ng/mL; P < .05). This increase may suggest that both leptin and cyproheptadine may affect appetite via similar receptors and that cyproheptadine does not impair leptin activity through these receptors. Further study will be necessary to clarify this relationship.     

瘦素在肥胖哮喘小鼠气道重构中的作用

目的探讨脂肪因子瘦素在支气管哮喘气道重构中的作用。方法高脂饮食制造肥胖模型,经腹腔注射与雾化吸入卵蛋白(OVA)制作慢性哮喘模型。45只雌性C57/6J小鼠随机分为对照组,单纯哮喘组,肥胖哮喘组,每组15只,于末次激发48 h内处死小鼠;计数支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞总数及分类,肺组织HE观察各组小鼠肺组织病理变化及ELISA法测定血清中瘦素水平。结果肥胖哮喘组小鼠BALF中白细胞总数及嗜酸性粒细胞比例以及气道管壁厚度和气道平滑肌厚度均较单纯哮喘组和对照组显著增加(P0.05)。对照组血清瘦素为(1 438.54±208.14)pg/mL,明显低于单纯哮喘和肥胖哮喘组[(1 677.75±214.36)pg/mL,(2 114.20±189.15)pg/mL,P0.05)],血清瘦素水平与气管壁厚度和气道平滑肌厚度呈正相关(P0.05)。结论肥胖通过瘦素参与了哮喘气道重构过程,纠正瘦素失衡有望成为肥胖哮喘患者治疗的新方向。     

Serum leptin levels in type 1 diabetic and obese children: relation to insulin levels

OBJECTIVES: To compare serum leptin levels in type 1 diabetic and obese children. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied serum leptin levels in 35 type 1 diabetic, 32 obese, and 35 healthy children. Seven of 35 were new-onset diabetics with ketoacidosis. C-peptide (CPE) levels were used for estimating insulin secretion. RESULTS: Serum leptin levels were lower in diabetics than in controls (p<0.001). Obese children had higher leptin and CPE levels than diabetics and controls. In new-onset diabetics, 1 month insulin treatment did not cause any change in leptin levels (p>0.05). Leptin was correlated positively with body mass index and CPE (p<0.001) and inversely with glucose (p = 0.001) and HbA1c (p<0.05) in the combined group. HbA1c and gender were the independent predictors of leptin in diabetic children (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Low serum leptin levels in type 1 diabetic children may be due to chronic insulin deficiency related with their metabolic control. Leptin and insulin may have complementary roles in maintaining a stable body weight.     

Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults

Regular exercise training is recognized as a powerful tool to improve work capacity, endothelial function and the cardiovascular risk profile in obesity, but it is unknown which of high-intensity aerobic exercise, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or strength training is the optimal mode of exercise. In the present study, a total of 40 subjects were randomized to high-intensity interval aerobic training, continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training or maximal strength training programmes for 12 weeks, three times/week. The high-intensity group performed aerobic interval walking/running at 85-95% of maximal heart rate, whereas the moderate-intensity group exercised continuously at 60-70% of maximal heart rate; protocols were isocaloric. The strength training group performed 'high-intensity' leg press, abdominal and back strength training. Maximal oxygen uptake and endothelial function improved in all groups; the greatest improvement was observed after high-intensity training, and an equal improvement was observed after moderate-intensity aerobic training and strength training. High-intensity aerobic training and strength training were associated with increased PGC-1alpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1alpha) levels and improved Ca(2+) transport in the skeletal muscle, whereas only strength training improved antioxidant status. Both strength training and moderate-intensity aerobic training decreased oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels. Only aerobic training decreased body weight and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, high-intensity aerobic interval training was better than moderate-intensity aerobic training in improving aerobic work capacity and endothelial function. An important contribution towards improved aerobic work capacity, endothelial function and cardiovascular health originates from strength training, which may serve as a substitute when whole-body aerobic exercise is contra-indicated or difficult to perform.