Quiste del canal de Nuck,a propósito de un caso

The descent of initially intra-abdominal structures towards the inguinal region leads to an evagination of the parietal peritoneum, and is called the canal of Nuck. Its incomplete obliteration will allow the passage of liquid or abdominal structures, leading to a hydrocele of the said canal or indirect inguinal hernias. The canal of Nuck cyst appears as a fluctuating, elastic and non-reducible mass, cystic in the ultrasound, and well-defined with a thin echogenic wall and an anechoic content, with no colour Doppler signal. The differential diagnosis includes hernias, adenomegalies, vascular pathology, and tumours. Although the definitive diagnosis is histopathological, ultrasound is an accessible, efficient and reliable technique, which allows dynamic and real-time study.     

Falsa hernia inguinal por endometriosis en el ligamento redondo

An extraperitoneal endometriosis is a rare condition, with the round ligament being a possible location, sometimes leading to inguinal tumours.     

Evidence based surgical management of endometriosis

The management approach to patients with pelvic endometriosis is multidimensional. One must consider several factors such as patient’s age, parity, extent of the disease, and menopausal status when planning treatment strategies. The main goals of therapy are targeted at symptom control and achieving fertility in women who so desire. Medical and/or surgical therapies can be considered in these patients. Individualized patient care is essential for the success of treatment. In this review, we focus our discussion on surgical approach strategies and the management of endometriosis with an emphasis on pain and fertility outcomes.     

直肠阴道隔子宫内膜异位症的诊断及治疗

目的 探讨直肠阴道隔子宫内膜异位症(内异症)的临床诊断及治疗。方法 回顾分析我院自1992年至2002年收治的10例直肠阴道隔内异症患者的临床资料。结果 临床表现,年龄36—47岁,平均40岁;肛门坠痛6例,性交痛3例,痛经8例,慢性盆腔痛5例;三合诊时均可触及直肠阴道隔结节,平均直径3cm。血清CAl25水平升高者2例。阴道或腹部超声检查均末检出异位病灶。术前4例接受促性腺激素释放激素激动剂3．75mg/28d,共3次的治疗,可短期缓解疼痛,2例病灶体积减小。10例均行手术治疗,其中开腹手术7例、阴式手术1例、腹腔镜联合阴式手术2例。切除病灶经病理检查证实为直肠阴道隔内异症。随诊最长时间5年,完整切除病灶者预后良好,未能完整切除病灶者症状、病灶持续存在。结论 直肠阴道隔内异症以肛门坠痛、性交痛为主要表现,必须进行三合诊检查。B超的辅助诊断意义不大,修订的美国生育协会标准分期不能反映疾病的严重程度。手术是主要的治疗手段。     

表达谱基因芯片筛选子宫内膜异位症相关基因及IL-12受体在子宫内膜异位症中的作用

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症(EM)患者的发病机制和白细胞介素12(IL12)及其受体(IL12R)的水平与疾病进展的关系。方法应用578点的人类免疫相关表达谱cDNA基因芯片筛选EM相关基因。酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定21例EM患者及21例对照者血清中IL12水平。结果(1)用Array3000扫描仪扫描芯片,观察杂交结果,用ImaGene3.0软件分析Cy3和Cy5两种荧光信号的强度和比值。在对6张芯片的结果分析中,获得EM的相关差异基因9个,共同表现为上调的基因2个,下调的基因7个。其中下调基因中差异最显著的是IL12R;(2)ELISA检测结果显示EM组与对照组患者血清中IL12水平无明显差异;EM患者血清IL12水平与疾病期别无明显相关;两组患者血清IL12水平与月经周期亦无明显相关。结论基因芯片技术是一种有效的、高敏感、高通量的技术。EM患者的异位内膜组织的IL12RmRNA水平表现为下调,表明它可能在此疾病的发生与发展中起重要作用。     

New considerations for the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

OBJECTIVES: To review the available evidence regarding the immunological, epidemiological and other factors involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: Endometriosis remains a poorly-understood disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to suggest that alterations in the immune response, whether genetically transmitted or environmentally induced, predispose women to the ectopic implantation of endometrial cells transported into the peritoneal cavity by way of retrograde menstruation. This predisposition may exist because of an impaired peritoneal clearing of endometrial cells and fragments or because of pathological angiogenesis.     

子宫内膜异位症非手术诊断方法探讨

目的:评价子宫内膜异位症常见临床指标用于非手术诊断的价值。方法:因痛经、不育或盆腔包块住院行腹腔镜手术的育龄患者331例,术前纪录患者年龄、病程、初潮年龄、月经周期、月经期天数、结婚年龄或第一次性交年龄、孕产次、剖宫产史、继发性痛经、慢性盆腔疼痛、性交痛以及不育,阳性体征(宫骶韧带触痛结节、子宫直肠窝触痛结节或附件包块,具有三者之一者即为阳性),超声波检查(包块内部为无回声区并有散在或密集的光点为阳性),血清CA125值。计算各项临床指标单独及联合应用包括平行试验?系列试验诊断内异症的敏感性?特异性?阳性预测率及阴性预测率,并用Logistic回归方法计算诊断卵巢型及腹膜型内异症的公式。结果:单独应用各项临床指标诊断内异症的敏感性较低。超声波?血清CA125以及性交痛对内异症的预测率达90%以上,其他临床指标预测内异症的准确性较差。临床各项指标联合平行试验可明显提高诊断的敏感性(89%),各项指标联合系列试验则可明显提高诊断的特异性。任何3项临床指标联合,诊断内异症的预测率基本达到100%。卵巢型内异症的诊断公式为:1/[1+e-(-2.270+1.304*盆腔痛性结节+1.158*继发痛经+2.168*B超囊内光点+2.580*CA125异常)],腹膜型内异症的诊断公式为:1/[1+e-(-1.631+1.788*盆腔痛性结节+0.789*继发痛经+2.384*CA125异常)]。以结果>0.5为异常,此公式诊断卵巢型及腹膜型内异症的准确性分别为85.9%和84.5%。结论:疼痛症状、不育、盆腔体征、超声波以及血清CA125联合应用是内异症较准确的非手术诊断方法。     

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck. A report of four cases

Hydrocele formation in the incompletely obliterated processus vaginalis (canal of Nuck) is an uncommon and infrequently reported finding in women. Approximately one-third of cases are associated with inguinal herniae. Surgical exploration permits excision of the hydrocele and repair of any coexisting fascial defect.     

阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症25例的诊断治疗

目的 :探讨阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症的诊断和治疗方法。方法 :回顾分析1986至 2 0 0 2年手术病理证实的阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症 2 5例。结果 :发病年龄平均39岁 ,临床表现为各种形式的盆腔痛及不育 ,6 6 .7%合并有肠道症状。病灶位于阴道直肠隔内 ,单发 2 0例 ,多发 5例 ,直径 1～ 4cm。术前药物治疗中假孕疗法 7例 ,4例症状缓解 ,3例无效 ;假绝经疗法 8例 ,6例症状缓解 ,2例无效。 2 3例行手术治疗 ,2例行病灶切除术 ,11例行全子宫及阴道直肠隔异位病灶切除术 ;3例行全子宫单侧附件及阴道直肠隔异位病灶切除术 ;7例行全子宫双附件及阴道直肠隔异位病灶切除术。术后 6例用药物治疗 ,3例假孕疗法 ,3例假绝经疗法。在平均 15 .2月的随诊中 ,2 0例 (80 % )症状缓解 ,5例 (2 0 % )复发 ,其中 4例于术后 1年内复发 ,多发灶位于阴道直肠隔 ,1例于术后 14月复发 ,多发灶位于阴道残端。根治性手术组 (全子宫双附件及阴道直肠隔异位病灶切除术 )无 1例复发 ,非根治手术组 5例复发 ,两组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :阴道直肠隔子宫内膜异位症临床少见 ,通常有盆腔痛及不育 ,肠道症状的发生率高。临床诊断依靠妇科三合诊 ,药物治疗可以短期缓解症状 ,根据年龄、症状、生育要求采取个体化的手术治疗是主要的     

The analysis of the human plasma N-glycome in endometriosis patients

Objective

Analysis of the plasma N-glycome in endometriosis patients compared with controls.

Study design

In a case-control study, blood samples were collected from patients who underwent either diagnostic or operative laparoscopy between 2008 and 2011 in the Semmelweis University, Budapest, I. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. From these patients, 92 with endometriosis (30 stage I–II and 62 stage III–IV, including altogether 18 deep infiltrating cases) and 62 controls were selected for glycan analysis. After release, plasma N-glycans were subjected to hydrophilic interaction high performance liquid chromatography, which resulted in 19 chromatographic glycan peaks (GP). The abundances of the GPs were compared between the study groups. For statistical analysis a non-parametric test, the Mann–Whitney-U test, was used.

Results

We found a statistically significant decrease of GP1 and increase of GP14, GP17 and GP18 in endometriosis patients. The latter peaks consist of glycans which play a role in inflammatory processes and malignancy. We also found significant differences in GP2, GP4, GP6, and GP9 between controls and the different endometriosis stage groups. The observed alterations in GP2, GP4 and GP6 may be related to altered glycosylation and remodelling of the glycan branches of the IgG molecule. The alterations of GP9 are presumably associated with changes of transferrin glycosylation. Furthermore we detected a highly significant decrease of GP1 in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis compared with controls.

Conclusions

This is the first analysis of the plasma N-glycome in endometriosis. The observed changes in GP14, GP17 and GP18 and in GP2, GP4, GP6 and GP9 provide new aspects to the pathophysiology of the disease and the alterations of the GP1 may serve as a new potential marker in the future.     

Immunology of endometriosis

The pathophysiology of endometriosis is not completely understood, but an aberrant immune response in the peritoneal environment seems to be crucial for the proliferation of ectopic endometrial cells – as those cells escape apoptosis and peritoneal cavity immunosurveillance. The growth of endometrial implants leads to the recruitment of a large number and diversity of immune cells and intense inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and angiogenesis. There is substantial evidence of aberrant function of almost all types of immune cells in women with endometriosis: decreased T cell reactivity and NK cytotoxicity, polyclonal activation of B cells and increased antibody production, increased number and activation of peritoneal macrophages, and changes in inflammatory mediators. New clinical treatments for endometriosis are an urgent need, especially nonhormonal drugs. The study of immunology may clarify its role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies.     

Prevalence of fibromyalgia and quality of life in women with and without endometriosis

The objectives of the study were to assessed if there is any difference in the prevalence of fibromyalgia and in quality of life (QoL) between women with and without endometriosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011–2013, involving 257 women with surgically and histopathologically confirmed endometriosis and 253 women with no history of endometriosis and no endometriosis-related symptoms. Women were recruited both at the family planning and endometriosis clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas, Brazil. The Short Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) was used to assess QoL, while the 1990 and 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were used to evaluate fibromyalgia. According to the 1990 ACR criteria, there were no cases of fibromyalgia in either group. Nevertheless, according to the 2010 ACR criteria, four women, two with endometriosis and two without the disease, were diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Scores were significantly lower in all the domains of the QoL questionnaire for the women with endometriosis compared to those without the disease. This study reports no difference in the prevalence of fibromyalgia between women with and without endometriosis; however QoL was poorer among women with endometriosis when compared to women without the disease.     

Impact of endometriosis on quality of life and psychological well-being

The aim of this work is to propose a brief comment about the impact of endometriosis on quality of life and psychological well-being of women affected.     

Endometrial biology and the etiology of endometriosis

Two recent studies reported in this issue of Fertility and Sterility have explored important issues regarding the understanding and diagnosing of endometriosis. These studies emphasize the complexity of endometriosis and underscore the different roles of clinicians and translational scientists in exploring this disease.     

手术后口服小剂量米非司酮治疗子宫内膜异位症的近期疗效和副作用的初步观察

目的探讨保留生育功能或保留卵巢功能手术后服用小剂量米非司酮治疗子宫内膜异位症(内异症)的临床疗效、副反应及对生殖激素水平和骨代谢的影响.方法米非司酮组31例,予米非司酮10 mg口服,每日1次;达那唑组30例,予达那唑200 mg口服,每日2～3次,均连续用药3个月.观察两组症状、体征改善情况,用药后的副反应及用药3个月时血清生殖激素水平和骨代谢生化指标的变化.结果两组症状、体征缓解率相似.米非司酮组潮热、阴道出血、腰背疼痛、体重增加、痤疮等副反应发生率显著低于达那唑组(P<0.05).用药3个月时,米非司酮组血清促卵泡激素和黄体生成激素与达那唑组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05);米非司酮组雌二醇(E2)为(204.9±45.3) pmol/L,保持在卵泡期水平,达那唑组为(94.3±33.0) pmol/L,为绝经后水平,两组比较,差异有极显著性(P<0.01).停药13～15 d,米非司酮组E2水平为(1 221.6±384.2) pmol/L,较用药前排卵期下降,但差异无显著性(P>0.05),达那唑组为(815.1±376.0) pmol/L,明显下降(P<0.05).停药当月黄体高峰期孕酮水平,米非司酮组为(33.1±5.6) nmol/L,与治疗前相似,而达那唑组为(27.4±4.9) nmol/L,显著降低(P<0.01),两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05).用药3个月时,米非司酮组尿脱氧吡啶啉/尿肌酐(UDpd/Cr)、血碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和骨钙素(BGP)与用药前比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05);达那唑组血AKP为(54.0±10.7) U/L,BGP为(7.7±1.9) μg/L,较用药前明显升高(P<0.01),而UDpd/Cr水平无显著变化(P>0.05).米非司酮组停药后基础体温上升和月经复潮时间较达那唑组为短.结论手术后加用米非司酮可明显改善患者症状和体征,疗效与达那唑类似,但副反应明显减少.10 mg/d米非司酮3个月治疗可使血清E2保持在卵泡期水平,且对骨代谢无明显影响.     

盆腔子宫内膜异位症患者的疼痛症状分析

调查１９９１年２月至１９９３年１月在我院妇科在住院的３８３例生育年龄患者的疼痛症状，其中子宫内膜异位异（异位症）患者１９２例（异位症组），其它疾病患者１９１例（对照组）。结果，痛经，非经期下腹或盆腔痛，性交痛，经期肛门坠痛的发生率，异位症组分别为６５．６％，４４．３％，３０?２％和３２．３％，对照组分别为３７．７％、３３．０％、２０．９％和２０．４％；异位症组的疼痛发生率均分别高于对照组，两者比较