经胸超声心动图监测下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损

目的评价在经胸超声心动图(TTE)监测下用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的可行性及实用价值. 方法全组共18例继发孔型ASD患者,均在常规C型臂X线机透视和TTE指导下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器. 结果18例患者中有2例未放置成功而改为开胸手术;16例均成功置入Amplatzer封堵器,即刻完全堵闭,术后随访3个月至2年,TTE示ASD仍被完全封闭,未见残余分流.随访期间无任何并发症. 结论在TTE和X线透视指导下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型ASD安全可行,具有一定实用价值.     

经胸超声心动图监测下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损

目的：评价在经胸超声心动图(TTE)监测下用Amplatzer封堵器介入治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)的可行性及实用价值。方法：全组共18例继发孔型ASD患者，均在常规C型臂X线机透视和TTE指导下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器。结果：18例患者中有2例未放置成功而改为开胸手术；16例均成功置入Amplatzer封堵器，即刻完全堵闭，术后随访3个月至2年，TTE示ASD仍被完全封闭，未见残余分流。随访期间无任何并发症。结论：在TTE和X线透视指导下用Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型ASD安全可行，具有一定实用价值。     

超声心动图在观察老年患者经导管房间隔缺损封堵术前后心脏形态学变化中的作用

房间隔缺损( ASD)约占先天性心脏病发病总数的16.2% ～ 22.0%[1],随着增龄,ASD患者伴随的症状和体征也越来越多.老年ASD患者因肺动脉高压、心力衰竭,生存机会降低.随着介入技术的不断发展,近年来经皮导管介入治疗继发孔型ASD技术[2]已逐渐成熟,并成为首选治疗方法.本文拟探讨经胸壁超声心动图( TTE)在观察老年患者经导管继发孔型ASD封堵术前后心脏形态学变化中的作用.     

高龄房间隔缺损堵闭术疗效的超声评价

目的　应用Amplatzer封堵器堵闭高龄继发孔房间隔缺损 (ASD) ,并进行临床疗效的评价。方法　使用经胸和经食道超声心动图筛选的全组 4 2例患者 ,年龄 5 0～ 73岁 (平均 5 6 6 1± 6 4 8)岁 ,均在X线透视下采用经胸超声心动图监测 ,应用Amplatzer封堵器堵闭ASD ,术后 2 4h行经胸超声心动图复查 ,必要时追踪随访。结果　全部病例均成功堵闭ASD。患者感觉良好 ,未见残余分流、心包填塞、中风等并发症。与术前比较 ,右室常规和四腔心右室长径缩短 ,三尖瓣返流减轻 ,肺动脉血流速度减慢 ,本组患者尽管均有轻到中度肺高压 ,但文中资料显示均为动力性肺动脉高压。所以 ,术后肺动脉压力减轻或消失。结论　应用Amplatzer封堵器堵闭治疗高龄继发孔型ASD病人 ,在无阻力性肺高压的前提下 ,近期疗效满意。此治疗方法对高龄患者可能是最佳首选治疗措施。     

经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损

目的对35例先天性继发孔型房间隔缺损(房缺)患者行经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗的研究. 方法35例患者确诊为中央型房缺,其中1例为2乳房缺,1例为卵圆孔未闭,2例合并肺动脉瓣中度狭窄.经胸超声(TTE)测ASD直径5～32mm.2孔ASD大孔为15mm、小孔7mm,间距3mm.     

经胸超声心动图监视下应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗房间隔缺损

目的 :评价在经胸超声心动图 （TTE）指导下置入 Am platzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损 （ASD）的可行性和治疗效果。方法 :全组 5 0例 ,年龄 1～ 5 1（18.8土 14.6 ）岁 ,术前经 TTE检查示 ASD直径平均为 4～ 33（18.3土 6 .0 ） mm。所有病例均在透视及 TTE监视下经导管置入 Amplatzer封堵器封堵 ASD。术后 3d,1～ 3月分别行经胸超声心动图、心电图及 X线检查评价治疗效果。结果 :5 0例 ASD直径的球囊测量值为 5～ 35 （19.1土 6 .9）mm,选择的封堵器直径为 5～ 36 （2 0 .9土 7.0 ） m m。 5 0例封堵器置入均获得成功 ,技术成功率为 10 0 % ,术中未发生任何重要并发症 ,无急诊手术病例。术后即刻 TTE显示 4例 （8.0 % ）存在微量至少量残余分流。术后 3天 TTE显示 2例 （4.0 % ）存在微量残余分流。术后 1～ 3月 TTE显示 5 0例 ASD完全闭合。X线检查全部显示肺血减少、右心房、室缩小。结论 :经胸超声心动图指导下经导管置入 Am platzer封堵器治疗 ASD是一种有效、安全、可行的非外科手术方法。我们建议 30 m m以上的 ASD应在经食道超声心动图下监视封堵。     

TTE在房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

对20例拟诊为继发孔型房间隔缺损（ASD）的患儿，应用封堵器经导管关闭ASD。通过经胸超声心动图（TTE）在术前显示ASD大小及其边缘的解剖特点，术中指导封堵器的放置，术后评价疗效。18例成功实施封堵术者经TTE随访1～22个月，无残余分流征象。     

经动脉导管传送系统封堵幼儿房间隔缺损2例

房间隔缺损 (ASD)是常见的先天性心脏病 ,既往手术是其唯一的治疗方法。随着介入医学的发展 ,已有若干种器械应用于 ASD的介入治疗。Amplatzer封堵器是一种新型的封堵器 ,可用于幼儿 ASD介入治疗。我们应用此技术经动脉导管(PDA)传送器治疗 2例幼儿继发孔 ASD患者 ,现报告如下。1　对象与方法2例患儿 ,年龄分别为 1 .0和 3.9岁 ,体重 1 2和2 2 kg,均经临床体征、X线胸片、心电图及彩色多普勒超声心动图确诊为继发孔 ASD。肺动脉压正常。经胸超声心动图 (TTE)测量 ASD直径为 8和1 7mm,球囊测量延伸直径为 1 2和 2 0 mm。所选封堵…     

经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在房间隔缺损经导管封堵术中的应用价值

目的探讨经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图(TTE)在房间隔缺损(ASD)经心导管封堵治疗中的应用价值。方法应用TTE选择适于行Amplatzer式封堵术的继发孔型ASD患者27例，在TTE监测引导下经右心导管应用房间隔封堵器关闭ASD。结果26例ASD获成功封堵，术后即刻、1天、1个月和3个月TTE检查显示封堵器位置稳定良好，无残余分流。结论在TTE引导下行ASD封堵术是一种简便、可靠和安全的方法。     

同期介入治疗先天性心脏病多发畸形疗效分析

目的:探讨经导管同期介入治疗先天性心脏病多发畸形的可行性、安全性和疗效,并分析其治疗策略。方法:选择136例先天性心脏病多发畸形患者,其中房间隔缺损(ASD)合并肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)46例,ASD合并室间隔缺损(VSD)32例,ASD合并动脉导管未闭(PDA)20例,VSD合并PDA 20例,PDA合并PS 12例,VSD合并PS 4例,PDA合并PS及ASD 1例,VSD合并PS及ASD 1例,所有患者均在导管室行同期介入治疗,治疗顺序为:肺动脉瓣狭窄球囊扩张术、室间隔缺损封堵术、动脉导管未闭封堵术、房间隔缺损封堵术。术后连续心电监护5天,并定期随访心电图(ECG)及经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查。结果:136例患者介入治疗均获成功,术后心导管造影及TTE提示封堵器固定好,未见残余分流。定期随访无严重并发症发生。结论:严格掌握适应证,正确选择手术操作顺序与方法,经导管同期介入治疗先天性心脏病多发畸形成功率高,疗效可靠。     

Combined Percutaneous Management of an Atrial Septal Defect and Coronary Artery Disease

A 52-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with a 1-month history of increasing breathlessness, exertional chest tightness, palpitation, and lethargy. Echocardiography revealed a secundum atrial septal defect. Cardiac catheterization confirmed the diagnosis, and the coronary angiogram revealed a critical 90% stenosis in the midright coronary artery (RCA). Under general anaesthesia, two 15-mm intracoronary stents were placed in the RCA with an excellent angiographic result. The atrial septal defect was then closed percutaneously using the Angel-Wings atrial septal defect occluder device. Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography confirmed satisfactory positioning of the Angel Wings device and color flow mapping showed no residual shunt across the atrial septum. The patient was discharged home the following day. Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects offers the chance to replace an open heart surgical procedure with a minimally invasive treatment that allows discharge from the hospital on the day after the closure. To date, adult patients who have concomitant coronary artery disease and an atrial septal defect have undergone surgery even if their coronary lesion was amenable to percutaneous treatment with angioplasty. We describe a patient in whom stenting of the RCA and percutaneous closure of an atrial septal defect were performed concomitantly . (J Interven Cardiol 2000;13:35–38)     

Combined percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty and atrial septal defect closure for pulmonary valvular stenosis and associated secundum atrial septal defect in an adult.

Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty is the treatment of choice for congenital pulmonary valve stenosis, and percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects has become a promising alternative to surgery in selected patients. We report a case of combined percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty and secundum atrial septal defect occlusion in an adult patient.     

Atrial Septal Occluder Device Embolization to an Iliac Artery: A Case Highlighting the Utility of Three‐Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography during Percutaneous Closure

Percutaneous closure of secundum atrial defects has become an accepted treatment in part because it is minimally invasive and relatively low risk. Despite recent advances in implantation technique and device improvements, complications occur. Here, we report a case of device embolization during percutaneous repair of an atrial septal defect (ASD) with multiple fenestrations. We highlight the value of using live/real time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography to help plan the percutaneous procedure and detect complications.     

单纯经食道超声心动图引导下经皮房间隔缺损封堵术的疗效分析

分析单纯经食管超声心动图引导下经皮行房间隔缺损封堵术的临床资料,评价方法的安全性和有效性。 方法：回顾性分析2017年6月至2018年6月采用经食道超声心动图引导经皮房间隔缺损封堵术患者共16例,操作均在普通手术室进行,单纯采用经食道超声心动图引导,在全身麻醉下,经股静脉穿刺封堵房间隔缺损。食道超声全程监测封堵全过程并评估手术效果。所有患者均在术后1个月、6个月接受经胸超声心动图复查。结果 共14例患者封堵成功,1例患者术中封堵器释放后超声心动图提示封堵器靠近下腔边缘存在大量分流,封堵器收入鞘管再次释放后仍存在残余分流,调整为经右胸小切口成功释放封堵伞,另一例术后7日出院前复查超声心动图提示封堵器脱落位于右心室内,再次行房间隔缺损修补术。随访过程中均未见明显并发症。结论 经食道超声心动图引导下可以完成大多数房间隔缺损经皮封堵术,避免放射线可能引起伤害,取得良好的临床应用效果。     

Is routine preoperative cardiac catheterization necessary before repair of secundum and sinus venosus atrial septal defects?

Between January 1976 and July 1983, 217 patients with atrial septal defect underwent surgical repair at Children's Hospital. Thirty with a primum atrial septal defect and 26 who underwent cardiac catheterization elsewhere before being seen were excluded from analysis. Of the 161 remaining patients, 52 (31%) underwent preoperative cardiac catheterization, 38 because the physical examination was considered atypical for a secundum atrial septal defect and 14 because of a preexisting routine indication. One hundred nine (69%) underwent surgery without catheterization, with the attending cardiologist relying on clinical examination alone in 5, additional technetium radionuclide angiocardiography in 5, M-mode echocardiography in 13 and two-dimensional echocardiography in 43; both M-mode echocardiography and radionuclide angiography were performed in 24 and two-dimensional echocardiography and radionuclide angiography in 19. Since 1976, there has been a trend toward a reduction in the use of catheterization and use of one rather than two noninvasive or semiinvasive techniques for the detection of atrial defects. Of the 52 patients who underwent catheterization, the correct anatomic diagnosis was made before catheterization in 47 (90%). Two patients with a sinus venosus defect and one each with a sinus venosus defect plus partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection without an atrial septal defect and a sinoseptal defect were missed. Of 109 patients without catheterization, a correct morphologic diagnosis was made before surgery in 92 (84%). Nine patients with a sinus venosus defect, three with sinus venous defect and partial anomolous pulmonary venous connection, four with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return without an atrial septal defect and one with a secundum defect were incorrectly diagnosed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Intracardiac echocardiography using the AcuNav ultrasound catheter during percutaneous closure of multiple atrial septal defects.

Transesophageal echocardiography is routinely used in catheterization laboratories to guide the percutaneous closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defects. The patient is under general anesthesia, and the interatrial septum anatomy is usually well defined. Multiple atrial septal defects are, in some cases, a challenge for both the interventional echocardiographer and the interventional cardiologist, when trying to evaluate the anatomy of the defects, the strategy of closure and the correct choice of the device. We describe the usefulness of a new phased-array ultrasound-tipped catheter for intracardiac echocardiography in a case of percutaneous closure of multiple ostium secundum atrial septal defects.     

Transcatheter Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects Using the Amplatzer Septal Occluder: Initial Experience in Taiwan

We assessed the safety and efficacy of closure of secundum-type atrial septal defects (ASDs) using the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) in a sample of Taiwanese patients. Between June 2000 and April 2002, 25 patients underwent transcatheter closure of their secundum-type atrial septal defect/s using the ASO device. The procedures were performed under general anesthesia with access through the femoral vein using guidance provided by transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopy. Twenty-two patients had larger defects with right cardiac dilatation and paradoxical interventricular septal motion, while family concerns were the primary indications for closure for the other three. Twenty-five ASO devices were successfully implanted in 24 patients, with a lone individual referred for surgery due to implantation failure. The mean age of the patients was 12.5 years. The male-female ratio was 12:13. The mean pulmonary-systemic blood flow ratio (Qp:Qs) was 2.5:1. The ASD size (mean 20.2 mm; range 8–28.5) was measured using transoesophageal echocardiography, with a balloon-stretched diameter of 8–29.5 mm (mean 20.5). The size of the implanted devices ranged from 9–36 mm (mean 23.1). Fluoroscopy duration ranged from 9.7–41.2 minutes (mean 23.5). A residual shunt, assessed not significant from transoesophageal echocardiography, was detected in one patient who had received two ASO devices for multiple ASDs. Follow-up intervals ranged from 0.1–2 years (median 1.0), with no late complications determined for any patient. Transcatheter closure of secundum ASDs using the Amplatzer septal occluder is a safe and effective alternative to the surgical analog. With careful selection of patients, secundum ASDs can be successfully closed, with minimal procedural morbidity and excellent early results. Long-term follow up is necessary for evaluation, however, if this procedure is to be as effective as surgery.     

Peratrial closure of atrial septal defects without cardiopulmonary bypass

The objective of this study was to introduce a new technique for occlusion of an atrial septal defect without cardiopulmonary bypass, using a modified Amplatzer device. Between October 2004 and November 2005, 96 secundum atrial septal defects in 83 patients were occluded by this method. A 3-cm incision in the right 4(th) intercostal space and a minithoracotomy were performed. Via this incision, the right atrium was exposed and the septal closure device was deployed under transesophageal echocardiographic guidance. The sizes of the defects ranged from 10 to 39 mm. The mean device size was 34.1 +/- 9 mm (12-46 mm). There was no operative mortality and no major morbidity on follow-up of 3-15 months. This new minimally invasive method of secundum atrial septal defect closure is safe and cosmetically superior to conventional surgery. Avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass can reduce recovery time and complications. The indications are more extensive than percutaneous transcatheter closure, and the results are encouraging.     

Spontaneous closure of isolated secundum atrial septal defects in infants: an echocardiographic study

The incidence and timing of spontaneous closure of isolated secundum atrial septal defects are unknown. Twenty-nine consecutive infants under 12 months of age with clinical evidence of significant left-to-right shunting through atrial septal defects were evaluated by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). All had right ventricular hypertrophy by ECG. Right ventricular, right atrial, and left atrial areas were measured and right ventricular and left atrial dimensions were obtained in all patients. Spontaneous closure of the defect in four infants was suggested by normalization of clinical examination and ECG and was documented by 2DE and M-mode echocardiography at 15 to 31 months of age. All of the remaining patients, who had suitable 2DE echocardiograms and who did not spontaneously close their defects, had enlarged right ventricular and right atrial areas. Left atrial areas were normal in the four who closed spontaneously and were large in all but three who did not close. The mean diameter of the defect was similar for all patients. The 14% incidence reported here may underestimate the true incidence of spontaneous closure, since seven patients had surgical closure, all prior to 30 months of age, the oldest age at which spontaneous closure was documented. An atrial septal flap, found in all four patients who closed spontaneously but only in 4 of the 16 patients who did not close spontaneously, may contribute in some way to spontaneous closure. Since spontaneous closure may occur up to 30 months, it seems clear that surgical closure should not be performed before that age unless medical management has failed to control symptoms.     

Device closure of fenestrated atrial septal defects: use of a single Amplatz atrial septal occluder after balloon atrial septostomy to create a single defect.

Successful transcatheter device closure of secundum atrial septal defect has achieved worldwide acceptance with the clinical use of the Amplatz atrial septal occluder. However, device closure of multiple fenestrated secundum atrial septal defects remains a challenge for the interventionist and in some cases may be only effectively closed surgically. This case report of multiple fenestrated atrial septal defects represents a further expansion of technologic efforts to improve the results and simplify the mechanism of device closure of fenestrated defects. When device closure with more than one device seems impractical or disadvantageous, consolidation of multiple defects in a fenestrated fossa ovalis by simple balloon atrial septostomy as demonstrated by this case report provides an easy mechanism to allow implantation of a single large device which will effectively close all of the defects. This approach is similar to the surgical approach for resection of the fenestrated membrane with secondary patch closure of the enlarged defect. Excellent and complete closure of a fenestrated secundum atrial septal defect is illustrated in this case report.