EGFR/PI3K/Akt细胞信号传导通路与肿瘤

表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(PKB,也称Akt)信号通路是生物体内一条非常重要的生存信号通路。EGFR通过二聚化后刺激Ras蛋白,导致磷酸化级联反应的发生来激活PI3K/Akt信号通路,从而引起肿瘤的发生发展。本文从EGFR/PI3K/Akt信号传导通路对肿瘤的调节机制等多个方面综述了EGFR/PI3K/Akt信号通路与肿瘤的关系。     

PI3K/AKT信号通路在非小细胞肺癌中作用的研究进展

肺癌是目前全世界范围内发病率和死亡率均最高的恶性肿瘤。磷酸酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)信号通路是所有人类癌症中最重要的致癌途径之一,该通路在肿瘤的发生、增殖以及诱导上皮-间质转化(EMT)等方面扮演者重要角色,并且对于肿瘤的获得性耐药也有影响。目前针对PI3K/AKT信号通路在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的靶向治疗方面已进行了比较广泛的研究。本文就PI3K/AKT信号通路在NSCLC发生发展及治疗中作用的研究进展进行综述。     

磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路与白血病干细胞耐药的研究进展

<正>磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases,PI3Ks)信号参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和葡萄糖转运等多种细胞功能的调节。近年发现PI3Ks和其下游分子蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,PKB或Akt)所组成的信号通路与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关,调节肿瘤细胞的增殖、存活和凋亡。     

PI3K/Akt信号传导通路与肿瘤多药耐药研究进展

磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B[phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),PI3K/Akt]信号传导通路作为细胞生存重要通路之一,在促进细胞生长、增殖,促进细胞运动、侵袭,抑制细胞凋亡,促进血管生成,抵抗化疗和放疗等方面起重要作用.近年来,关于PI3K/Akt 信号通路与药物耐药性关系的研究越来越多,并被认为是化疗耐药治疗的新靶点.Akt是PI3K/Akt 通路中的关键性效应分子,多种肿瘤组织中都有Akt 的过度表达和活化.多项实验表明,化疗药物可增加Akt 磷酸化水平,使肿瘤细胞产生化疗耐受,深入研究其作用机制,可能为肿瘤的基因治疗、抗肿瘤药物开发提供新靶点.     

蛋白激酶B通路、乙酰肝素酶、NADPH氧化酶在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及相互关系的研究进展

磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/Akt)信号通路影响多种细胞因子,在心血管系统中起重要作用。近年来,蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)、乙酰肝素酶(heparanase,HPSE)及NADPH氧化酶(NADPH oxidase,Nox)在缺血再灌注损伤中的作用引发越来越多的关注。已有研究表明,HPSE、Akt、Nox均参与了心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤过程,并且相互作用。HPSE调控PI3K/Akt通路,而PI3K/Akt通路导致Nox产生增加,Nox又可以通过改变Akt信号传导激活Akt通路。本文通过综述HPSE、Akt、Nox在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及相互关系,旨在为临床心肌缺血再灌注的诊治提供理论依据。     

磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路与肿瘤治疗

磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号通路是细胞内重要信号转导通路之一,参与了细胞增殖、凋亡及分化等功能的调控作用.近年研究表明,在许多肿瘤中发现PI3K/Akt通路活性异常,而其通路的活性紊乱不仅能导致细胞恶性转化,并与肿瘤细胞的迁移、黏附及肿瘤血管生成等密切相关.因此,对于该通路的深入研究有助于推动肿瘤治疗领域的进一步发展.本文将PI3K/Akt信号通路的组成、功能及其目前与PI3K/Akt信号通路相关的各类肿瘤治疗的机制研究进展作一综述.     

磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路在肺部疾病中的研究进展

磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamyc in,PI3K/Akt/mTOR)是细胞内重要信号通路,在细胞生长、增殖、分化和蛋白合成等过程中起重要作用。肺癌、哮喘、肺动脉高压、肺纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic pulmonary obstructive disease,COPD)等疾病是呼吸系统常见疾病,其病理机制涉及细胞增殖及凋亡等,与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路关系密切。     

余甘子提取物对糖尿病大鼠肌肉和脂肪组织胰岛素信号通路的影响

背景:余甘子具有明显的降血糖作用,但其作用机制尚不清楚。目的:观察余甘子提取物对大鼠骨骼与脂肪组织中胰岛素信号通路相关蛋白的影响。方法:将30只SD大鼠随机等分为对照组、模型组和余甘子组,后2组以腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型。余甘子组用余甘子提取液灌胃6周,模型组和对照组灌胃同体积的蒸馏水。结果与结论:与对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠的体质量、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数均显著升高(P<0.05),脂肪和肌肉组织磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶、蛋白激酶BmRNA及葡萄糖转运蛋白4mRNA和蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),灌胃余甘子提取物6周后,余甘子组大鼠体质量、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数均比模型组下降(P<0.05),脂肪和肌肉组织磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶、蛋白激酶B和葡萄糖转运蛋白4mRNA水平明显增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),且脂肪组织葡萄糖转运蛋白4蛋白表达增加(P<0.01),但肌肉组织葡萄糖转运蛋白4蛋白差异没有显著性意义。提示余甘子提取物可调控胰岛素介导的磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/葡萄糖转运蛋白4信号转导通路,发挥降血糖作用。     

共生菌对小鼠肺脏组织核转录因子κB与抑制性κB激酶α/β及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶表达的调控作用

目的 研究共生菌对小鼠肺脏组织中核转录因子κB(NF-κB)、抑制性κB激酶α/β(IKK-α/β)及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)等信号通路分子表达的调控作用.方法 用Western blot方法检测共生菌缺失小鼠(Abx鼠)及正常小鼠(WT鼠)肺脏组织中NF-κB、IKK-α/β及PI3K等的表达量及其磷酸化水平,...     

结直肠癌组织microRNA-16-5p、microRNA-493-5p表达与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路和预后的关系研究

目的 探讨结直肠癌组织微小RNA-16-5p(miR-16-5p)、microRNA-493-5p(miR-493-5p)表达与磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)信号通路和预后的关系。方法 选取2016年1月至2019年1月该院收治的126例接受根治性切除手术的结直肠癌患者,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测癌组织及癌旁组织中miR-16-5p、miR-493-5p及PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关基因mRNA的表达水平并进行比较,分析癌组织中miR-16-5p、miR-493-5p与PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关基因mRNA及临床病理特征的关系。术后随访3年,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析miR-16-5p、miR-493-5p高表达和低表达患者的预后情况。结果 总RNA A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀为1.90,琼脂糖凝胶电泳提示28S与18S rRNA带亮度比值均>1.5,总RNA浓度750 ng/μL,说明RNA纯度高、完整性较好。癌组织中miR-16-5p...     

Recent insights in the PI3K/Akt pathway as a promising therapeutic target in combination with EGFR-targeting agents to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Resistance to therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), such as cetuximab, remains a major roadblock in the search for effective therapeutic strategies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Due to its close interaction with the EGFR pathway, redundant or compensatory activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway has been proposed as a major driver of resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Understanding the role of each of the main proteins involved in this pathway is utterly important to develop rational combination strategies able to circumvent resistance. Therefore, the current work reviewed the role of PI3K/Akt pathway proteins, including Ras, PI3K, tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensing homolog, Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin in resistance to anti-EGFR treatment in HNSCC. In addition, we summarize PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors that are currently under (pre)clinical investigation with focus on overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibitors. In conclusion, genomic alterations in and/or overexpression of one or more of these proteins are common in both human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC tumors. Therefore, downstream effectors of the PI3K/Akt pathway serve as promising drug targets in the search for novel therapeutic strategies that are able to overcome resistance to anti-EGFR treatment. Co-targeting EGFR and the PI3K/Akt pathway can lead to synergistic drug interactions, possibly restoring sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors and hereby improving clinical efficacy. Better understanding of the predictive value of PI3K/Akt pathway alterations is needed to allow the identification of patient populations that might benefit most from these combination strategies.     

Modulation of Akt/mTOR signaling overcomes sunitinib resistance in renal and prostate cancer cells

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors exhibit impressive activity against advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, recent clinical studies have shown an equivocal response to sunitinib in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The tumor suppressor PTEN acts as a gatekeeper of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR cell-survival pathway. Our experiments showed that PTEN expression inversely correlates with sunitinib resistance in renal and prostate cancer cells. Restoration of PTEN expression markedly increases sensitivity of tumor cells to sunitinib both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, pharmacologic manipulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling with PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, GDC-0980, mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus, or pan-Akt inhibitor, GSK690693, was able to overcome sunitinib resistance in cancer cells. Our findings underscore the importance of PTEN expression in relation to sunitinib resistance and imply a direct cytotoxic effect by sunitinib on tumor cells in addition to its antiangiogenic actions.     

Modulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway alters host response to sepsis, inflammation, and ischemia/reperfusion injury

The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a conserved family of signal transduction enzymes that are involved in regulating cellular activation, inflammatory responses, chemotaxis, and apoptosis. We have discovered that a carbohydrate ligand, glucan, will stimulate the endogenous PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This article reviews the current data on the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as a negative feedback mechanism or compensatory regulator of septic and inflammatory responses. Of greater importance, the data reviewed in this article suggest that modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with septic and I/R injury. Thus, manipulation of the endogenous PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may represent a new and novel therapeutic approach to management of important diseases.     

PI3K/Akt信号通路在肝脏缺血再灌注损伤中的研究进展

肝脏缺血再灌注损伤是导致术后肝脏功能延迟恢复和功能障碍的重要原因。有研究表明,PI3K/Akt信号通路在缺血和再灌注的过程中被激活,通过抑制或增强下游相关靶蛋白的表达发挥对肝脏的保护作用。因此,PI3K/Akt信号成为预防和改善肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的重要靶向通路。本文就PI3K/Akt信号通路在肝脏缺血再灌注损伤中作用的研究进展进行综述。     

Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway mediates acquired resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common potentially lethal human malignancies worldwide. Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for HCC. In this study, we established two sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines from Huh7, a human HCC cell line, by long-term exposure of cells to sorafenib. Sorafenib induced significant apoptosis in Huh7 cells; however, Huh7-R1 and Huh7-R2 showed significant resistance to sorafenib-induced apoptosis at the clinical relevant concentrations (up to 10 μM). Thorough comparisons of the molecular changes between Huh7 and resistant cells showed that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway played a significant role in mediating acquired resistance to sorafenib in Huh7-R1 and Huh7-R2 cells. Phospho-Akt and p85 (a regulatory subunit of PI3K) were up-regulated, whereas tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog were down-regulated in these resistant cells. In addition, ectopic expression of constitutive Akt in Huh7 demonstrated similar resistance to sorafenib. The knockdown of Akt by RNA interference reversed resistance to sorafenib in Huh7-R1 cells, indicating the importance of Akt in drug sensitivity. Furthermore, the combination of 8-[4-(1-aminocyclobutyl)phenyl]-9-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,6]naphthyridin-3(2H)-one dihydrochloride (MK-2206), a novel allosteric Akt inhibitor, and sorafenib restored the sensitivity of resistant cells to sorafenib-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates acquired resistance to sorafenib in HCC, and the combination of sorafenib and MK-2206, an Akt inhibitor, overcomes the resistance at clinical achievable concentrations.     

PI3K/Akt信号通路与脑出血的研究进展

磷脂酰激醇3-激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）信号通路作为经典的细胞信号转导途径,在细胞生长、增殖、分化和凋亡等多种生物学过程中发挥作用。脑出血是一种高致残率和高致死率的脑血管疾病,该通路在脑出血发生发展中的研究也备受关注。该文以PI3K/Akt信号通路为主线,对该通路的结构及生物学特点、与脑出血之间的关系以及基于该通路探讨药物对脑出血的作用进行综述,为临床脑出血的治疗提供新的思路。     

Embryonic develop-associated gene 1 is overexpressed and acts as a tumor promoter in thyroid carcinoma

Embryonic develop-associated gene 1 (EDAG-1), a hematopoietic tissue-specific protein, is usually highly expressed in the placenta, fetal liver, bone marrow and leukemia cells, but the expression status in normal or solid tumor tissues is rarely reported. In this study, we found that EDAG-1 was up-regulated in thyroid carcinoma tissues and cells. Knockdown of EDAG-1 suppressed proliferation and enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis of thyroid carcinoma cells. We also demonstrated that knockdown of EDAG-1 inactivated the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, knockdown of EDAG-1 suppressed tumorigenesis of thyroid carcinoma in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that EDAG-1 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of thyroid carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.