Pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma) of the tongue

A patient with a pyogenic granuloma which occurred in an unusual location and at an earlier age is presented. Pyogenic granuloma is not an uncommon entity which may occur on oral mucosa, face and fingers. The most frequent location encountered for oral cavity pyogenic granuloma is the gingiva and the tongue is a rare location for its occurrence. These lesions are usually seen between 11 and 40 years age. Surgical excision and removal of etiological factors are needed for treatment.     

Pyogenic granuloma of the vocal cords: a case report

The authors present a case of pyogenic granuloma (botriomycome) of the vocal cord secondary to naso-tracheal intubation. Along with a physiological review, the histological and clinical characteristics of vocal cord pyogenic granuloma are discussed. Preventative measures and a treatment protocol are proposed.     

Pyogenic granuloma of the larynx: A rare cause of hemoptysis

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) may involve gingival mucosa (granuloma gravidarum) in pregnancy but rarely involves the airway. This case report is perhaps the only reported presentation of PG in the larynx causing hemoptysis at a late stage of pregnancy. On laryngoscopic exam, a vascular, right false vocal fold neoplasm was identified with pathological characteristics consistent with PG. Conclusions: Pyogenic granuloma is a relatively common tumor of pregnancy but rarely involves the larynx. In the case of airway involvement during pregnancy, it is best managed in coordination with the high-risk obstetrical team and can be removed safely via standard microsurgical techniques.     

Hypoplastic epiglottis in a non-syndromic child: A rare anomaly with serious consequences

Hypoplasia of the epiglottis is a rarely reported anomaly. These patients may have complex malformations or are totally asymptomatic. We herewith present the case of a 26-month-old infant who was repeatedly treated for severe aspiration pneumonias that didn’t resolve with gastrostomy. The role of epiglottis in protecting the airway is an unsolved question. The long-term evolution of hypoplasic epiglottis cases is also not known. The presentation and the evolution in cases of epiglottic anomalies vary a lot to deduce a trend. Close specialized follow-up is needed to answer these questions and to optimize these patients’ prognosis.     

Arteriovenous malformation of the external ear

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) involving the external ears is relatively uncommon in adults. Arteriovenous malformations typically present during childhood and rarely manifest during adulthood in the head and neck region. Symptomatic arteriovenous malformations often pose difficult therapeutic challenges. We report a case of large arteriovenous malformation of the external ear in a 21-year-old female.     

Management of vascular malformations of the mandible and maxilla

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Vascular malformations involving the mandible and maxilla are uncommon, and no uniform treatment of these lesions has been defined. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treating vascular malformations with a multidisciplinary approach and emphasis on endovascular therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of patients. METHODS: The treatment of 31 patients (13 male and 18 female patients) with mandibular and/or maxillary vascular malformations presenting between 1979 to 2001 was reviewed. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (42%) presented with mandibular vascular malformations, and an equal number of patients had maxillary vascular malformations. Five patients had involvement of both the mandible and maxilla. Twenty-six patients (84%) had adjacent soft tissue extension, whereas five patients had a vascular malformation isolated either to the mandible (four cases) or maxilla (one case). Twenty-six cases consisted of arterial vascular malformations, and five patients had venous and capillary types. Twenty-five patients (81%) were treated with embolization only, whereas six patients (19%) underwent combined embolization and surgical resection. "Cure" was defined as the complete eradication of disease or permanent resolution of symptoms with complete devascularization by embolization. The cure rates were 70% for mandibular malformations and 46% for maxillary lesions. None of the combined maxillary/mandibular lesions were cured, but all achieved improvement or stabilization of symptoms. The follow-up range was 1 to 22 years with an average follow-up of 6.7 years. CONCLUSION: The location and extent of vascular malformations dictate the treatment and resulting success. Endovascular therapy alone can effectively "cure" most mandibular and maxillary vascular malformations with limited soft tissue involvement. Extensive vascular malformations can be stabilized with control of symptoms, but eradication of the vascular malformation is unlikely even with combined surgery and embolization.     

Vascular malformations of the head and neck

Objective

Vascular malformations may appear anywhere in the body; 14–65% are in the head and neck. There are several treatments (sclerotherapy, surgery, laser treatment, and embolization, etc.), but standardized guidelines for these treatments are lacking. We conducted a retrospective review of venous or capillary malformations of the head and neck, and analyzed the epidemiology, pathology and treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 67 patients with pathologically diagnosed venous or capillary malformations of the head and neck; we analyzed the location, pathology and treatment, as well as recurrent/residual cases.

Results

The oral cavity (59%) and nasal cavity (35%) were the most common locations. The frequency of each pathological type depended upon location. Surgery was undertaken in 65 cases, and sclerotherapy done in one patient. Sixty-one cases (92%) had resectable lesions. However polycystic masses (≥3 cysts) and large masses (diameter, ≥5 cm) were significantly difficult to cure by single treatment.

Conclusions

Surgery is indicated for localized small vascular malformations. However if the lesions ≥5 cm or polycystic lesions were more likely to recur after surgery alone in our study population.     

Chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis

Malignant cartilaginous tumours of the larynx are very rare, and usually arise from the cricoid cartilage. We report the first documented case of a chondrosarcoma of the epiglottis. The diagnosis, histology and treatment of these tumours are discussed.     

Lymphatic malformation of the epiglottis—A case report and review of the literature

A 2-year-old male with a new onset dysphagia was diagnosed with a huge multicystic lesion of the epiglottis. The patient was urgently operated and several cysts were resected using cold steel instruments under microscopic view. Histopathology was consistent with lymphatic malformation. Surgery resulted in total symptoms resolution and on 1 year follow-up the patient remained free of recurrence.This is the first report of epiglottic lymphatic malformation.