Pseudomonas aeruginosa pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Mycotic pseudoaneurysms of the ascending aorta are rare in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery and are usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We describe a patient with a mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta at the proximal vein graft anastomosis site after coronary artery bypass grafting. Cultures from the saphenous vein harvest site and from the aneurysm sac obtained intraoperatively during repair of the pseudoaneurysm grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment included femorofemoral bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest with in situ patch repair. The patient was given ceftazidime and gentamicin intravenously for 2 weeks, then ceftazidime alone for 6 weeks. Thereafter, he began taking ciprofloxacin orally for chronic suppression. He was doing well at 18-month follow-up.     

Ruptured intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm after blunt thoracic trauma

Here, we present the case of ruptured intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm two months after blunt thoracic trauma. Ruptured aneurysm hemorrhaged into the retroperitoneal space due to adhesion in the intrathoracic space. We unsuccessfully embolized the aneurysm during an angiographic procedure and performed the aneurysmectomy, removing the hematoma, using a retroperitoneal approach. Ruptured intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm after blunt thoracic trauma may have caused the delayed life-threatening hemorrhage.     

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after coronary artery bypass and valve replacement for post-infarction mitral regurgitation

Most left ventricular inferior wall aneurysms are classified as false, and they have a narrow neck and exhibit rapid flow. Inferior wall pseudoaneurysms that develop soon after primary percutaneous intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting for acute myocardial infarction are rare. We report the case of a 64-year-old man who had a wide-necked left ventricular inferior wall pseudoaneurysm that developed soon after surgery for an acute myocardial infarction and post-infarction mitral regurgitation that occurred as a mechanical complication. The surgery consisted of coronary artery bypass grafting and mitral valve replacement. After the surgery, congestive heart failure developed. At reoperation, we found a large pseudoaneurysm that had caused tearing of the chordae tendineae of the posterior mitral leaflet and scarring around the inferior wall defect. The inferior wall defect had formed the wide neck of the left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. We excised the pseudoaneurysm and the scar tissue and attached a small patch to the defect such that it decreased the left ventricular dimension. Our patient survived the surgery and recovered completely. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular pseudoaneurysms can occur soon after coronary artery bypass grafting and surgery for a complication such as mitral valve regurgitation. When a large portion of the left ventricular wall is infarcted and its removal would create a smaller cavity with compromised output, we recommend ventricular reconstruction by patch placement.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术中骨骼肌化胸廓内动脉的应用

目的 探讨骨骼肌化胸廓内动脉（ITA）用于冠状动脉旁路移植术的优越性。方法采用剪刀和钛夹将骨骼肌化的ITA游离,并将其用于冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果共游离ITA 61根,并顺利用于60例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者,平均获取时间为26．8min。骨骼肌化ITA平均血流量吻合前为86．5ml／min,吻合后为26.4ml／min。随访1～31个月,无心脏相关性死亡和事件发生。结论在冠状动脉旁路移植术中应用骨骼肌化的ITA和带蒂ITA一样安全、有效。     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery for hemothorax following coronary artery bypass

A 56-year-old man complained of dyspnea and cough 9 days after coronary artery bypass grafting. Chest radiography showed opacity and left lung collapse. Following removal of clots from the pleural cavity by videothoracoscopy, he recovered without further incident. Video-assisted thoracic surgery is a feasible and safe option in the management of early hemothorax.     

冠状动脉旁路手术后康复

目的 :探讨冠状动脉搭桥术后早期康复运动的疗效。方法 :对 90例冠状动脉旁路手术患者于术后早期进行康复治疗。于胸部物理治疗的同时协助病人肢体各大关节、肌群先被动、后主动活动。待拔除引流管 2小时后 ,督促指导患者先平地行走后下台阶 ,逐渐至上、下 5层楼梯 (5METs) ,每日 2～3次。结果 :所有病人术后第 3日可下床活动。结论 :冠脉旁路手术的术前、后康复对病人早日回归社会有一定意义     

Delayed development of a coronary artery pseudoaneurysm after angioplasty

One month after a successful angioplasty, one of our patients developed a new aneurysm in the right coronary artery (RCA). The aneurysm was characterized as a pseudoaneurysm by the use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). A stenosis that was not well seen by angiography was better depicted by IVUS. Both the pseudoaneurysm and the stenosis were successfully treated with a second angioplasty and stenting with a covered stent. Delayed development of pseudoaneurysms after dissection is an uncommon, but possible complication after angioplasty. In this case IVUS was useful for accurate characterization of the aneurysm. The use of covered stents may become a clinically useful method for treating coronary pseudoaneurysms. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 47:186–190, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

高位胸段硬膜外麻醉下清醒病人的冠状动脉搭桥手术

目的　了解在高位胸段硬膜外麻醉下避免全麻行非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉搭桥手术的可行性。方法　硬膜外麻醉下对 2 5例清醒病人行非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉搭桥手术 ,没有气管插管全麻 ,所有病人在手术前晚行硬膜外置管。结果　总共搭桥 71支 (1支 11例 ,2支 5例 ,3支 6例 ,4支 3例 )。除 1例因为术中出现室颤转为全麻和体外循环外 ,2 4例在硬外麻作为唯一麻醉下完成非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉搭桥手术。除 2例行左胸小切口外其余行正中切口 ;其中 6例为再次手术 ;平均每例搭桥2 8支 ,没有手术死亡。术后在复苏室和病房住院时间分别为 (16 2± 4 2 )h和 (3 2 4± 1 2 )d。结论　本组的早期经验提示在没有气管插管全麻、病人清醒下可以行多支冠状动脉搭桥术     

Internal mammary to pulmonary artery fistula presenting as early recurrent angina after coronary bypass

A 50-year-old man developed recurrent angina 1 year after coronary artery bypass surgery. The patient was found to have a large fistula involving branches of the internal mammary artery graft and the left pulmonary artery. In the absence of another clear cause for the patient's symptoms, we speculated that our patient's angina and abnormal stress nuclear study were due to coronary steal. In patients with a history of coronary bypass grafting, fistula formation between graft and native vessels should be considered as a possible cause of early recurrent angina.     

Massive chylopericardium after coronary artery bypass surgery

Massive isolated chylopericardium is a rare postoperative complication of coronary artery bypass surgery. In the following case, massive chylopericardium developed after a coronary artery bypass procedure in which the left internal mammary artery was used for revascularization. The chylopericardium resulted from direct trauma to the thoracic duct during mobilization of the left internal mammary artery to its origin at the subclavian artery. With adequate drainage, the problem was resolved. In cases in which drainage persists, ligation of the thoracic duct may be necessary.     

Dopexamine hydrochloride after coronary artery bypass grafting

Dopexamine hydrochloride, a dopamine analog with specific beta 2 adrenergic and DA1 dopaminergic receptor activity, was evaluated in a prospective study including 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Shortly after admission to the intensive care unit, increasing doses of dopexamine hydrochloride (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 micrograms/kg/min) were administered as continuous infusion at 20-minute intervals. Hemodynamic monitoring revealed that dopexamine hydrochloride causes a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance and a significant increase in cardiac output and heart rate, even at lower dose levels (1.0 micrograms/kg/min). At higher dose levels (greater than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/kg/min), adverse effects such as systolic hypertension and tachycardia were observed. Shunt fraction increased significantly during dopexamine hydrochloride administration, probably due to the increase in cardiac output. It is concluded that dopexamine hydrochloride is a potent vasodilating agent at lower dose levels and is of potential benefit to patients with compromised myocardial function after coronary artery bypass grafting. Higher dose levels may cause unwanted side effects, which might be explained by various mechanisms such as norepinephrine uptake inhibition.     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术后神经系统并发症

目的探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）后患者神经系统并发症（NC）的种类、发生率、危险因素和防治方法。方法收集北京安贞医院2010年6～10月入院行OPCAB的82例老年患者进行前瞻性研究。术前收集NC危险因素,手术前后进行神经系统查体和头颅320排CT脑灌注检查,术后进行神经系统查体确认有无NC的发生。根据术后是否发生NC分为NC组和非NC组,组间进行危险因素单因素分析。结果NC总发生率为17．01％（14／82）,无死亡病例,其中术后认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率为14．63％（12／82）,焦虑、抑郁的发生率为6．10％（5／82）,缺血缺氧性脑病发生率为3．66％（3／82）,缺血性脑血管病发生率为1．22％（1／82）;NC组与非NC组间进行既往史单因素分析显示,术后NC组脑卒中病史、CT平扫示病灶、糖尿病病史与非NC组相比,有统计学差异;CT脑灌注检查提示,两组脑灌注达峰时间有统计学差异。结论对于行OPCAB患者,应重视术前筛查,完善实验室检查、脑灌注检查等,有助于术前筛查出术后发生NC的高危患者,以给予相应的预防治疗;OPCAB对神经系统而言相对安全但仍需要更多资料进一步研究。     

胸廓内动脉行冠脉搭桥术的应用解剖学研究

目的了解胸廓内动脉的解剖结构,为临床进行冠状动脉搭桥术提供解剖学资料。方法选取甲醛固定的成人尸体标本40具,胸廓内动脉保留完好。观察记录胸廓内动脉的起始部位和终末分支,以及胸廓内动脉与胸横肌的关系。测量胸廓内动脉的长度和各肋间隙距胸骨侧缘的距离。结果多数胸廓内动脉起自锁骨下动脉第1段,沿胸骨侧缘外侧下行;多数胸廓内动脉在第6肋间隙形成终末分支;多数胸横肌上缘与胸廓内动脉相交在第3肋软骨处。左、右侧胸廓内动脉的长度分别为（19．34±1．69）cm和（18．86±1．73）cm,平均外径为（2．81±0．39）mm和（3．08±0．44）mm。结论胸廓内动脉行冠脉搭桥术是一种可行的搭桥方式,根据解剖学数据,在术中应取用第6肋软骨以上的血管进行吻合。     

老年患者原位乳内动脉行冠状动脉旁路移植术112例

目的　乳内动脉 (IMA)是当前国际上公认的最好的搭桥移植物 ,而在老年患者中使用较少 ,因为人们觉得IMA的使用会增加手术并发症发生率和死亡率 ,而且亚洲人比欧美人IMA细小 ,手术有一定难度 ,据此事实 ,作者总结了老年患者常规使用IMA搭桥的近中期效果、技术要点及手术指征。方法　自 1 997年 4月至 1 999年 9月 ,冠心病 1 68例接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)治疗 ,其中老年患者 1 1 2例 (男 1 1 0例 ,女 2例 ) ,年龄 60～ 75岁 ,平均 66 .5岁。原位IMA使用率占单纯CABG手术的 92 % ,同时行双瓣置换 2例 ,单瓣置换 8例 ,室壁瘤切除、左室成形 1 0例。结果　 1 1 1例痊愈出院 ,心绞痛消失 ,围手术期发生心肌梗死 1例 ,术后死亡 1例。近中期随访效果满意。结论　老年冠心病患者搭桥也应首选IMA ,而且可以常规使用