Expansion and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells

The potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to differentiate into various types of mesenchymal tissue, such as chondrocytes, makes them a potential cell source in cartilage tissue engineering. Because of the requirement of high cell amounts for the generation of cartilage implants or for the extensive experimental studies to investigate the culture parameters, the initial cells have to be expanded, which leads to high population doubling numbers. It is known that hMSC can differentiate into chondrocytes at least up to the 15th population doubling. To monitor the differentiation status, the protein MIA (melanoma inhibitory activity), which is only synthesized by malignant melanomas and chondrocytes, can be used. In this study the chondrogenic differentiation potential of hMSC beyond the 15th population doubling was investigated using MIA as a chondrocyte marker. A chondrogenic potential of hMSC at higher population doubling numbers may be of interest due to the requirement of less frequent isolations of cells. Therefore hMSC were cultured in a monolayer until the 37th population doubling. Cells of different passages were cultured as pellets for two weeks in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta3 containing differentiation medium. The MIA contents in medium on the last three cultivation days were measured for each case using an MIA-ELISA-kit. A significant difference between MIA content in medium of the pellet and nonstimulated monolayer reference cultures was detectable until the 32nd population doubling. In addition, the hMSC were seeded at lower densities to investigate whether the cells may be expanded faster and with less amount of work due to higher population doubling numbers per passage. The reduced inoculation density led to an increased growth rate.     

流体静压力及雌激素共同作用对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨及成软骨分化的影响

目的观察流体静压力联合雌激素对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)增殖、细胞骨架及成骨、成软骨向分化的影响,检测这两种刺激共同作用是否具有生物叠加效应。方法采用全骨髓贴壁分离法分离培养BMSCs,流式细胞仪进行BMSCs表面标志物分子鉴定。细胞分为对照组(C组)、1 nmol/L17β-雌二醇作用组(E组)、1 nmol/L雌激素受体拮抗剂TAM作用组(T组)、90 kPa压力加载1 h组(P组)、17β-雌二醇预处理12 h后再加压1 h组(P+E组)以及TAM预处理12 h后再加压1 h组(P+T组)。流式细胞仪检测各组细胞的细胞周期变化;FITC-鬼笔环肽染色后激光共聚焦显微镜下观察F-actin细胞骨架表达与重组情况;各组细胞经成骨诱导7 d和14 d后茜素红染色观察钙结节形成量、Real-time PCR检测成骨细胞标志基因Col I、ON、OPN及BSP的mRNA表达;成软骨诱导14 d和28 d后甲苯胺蓝染色检测蛋白多糖表达、Real-time PCR检测成软骨细胞标志基因Sox9、Aggrecan及ColⅡ的mRNA表达。采用SPSS 16.0对数据进行单因素方差分析,后续Dunnett t检验进行各时间点上实验组与空白对照组数据之间及各实验组之间的组间比较。结果流体静压力(90 kPa,1 h)及1 nmol/L 17β-雌二醇作用下细胞增殖能力以及细胞骨架的活性均增强,但并不具有生物整合效应。成骨诱导14 d后,钙结节形成。Real-time PCR结果显示,17β-雌二醇作用组中成骨标志基因Col I、ON、OPN及BSP的表达水平显著增加。两种刺激在成骨诱导分化7 d时均可提高标志基因的表达,具有生物协同效应,但成骨诱导14 d时两者则表现出相互拮抗的作用。成软骨诱导28 d后,甲苯胺蓝染色阳性。成软骨诱导过程中,单纯压力刺激组成软骨标志基因Sox9、Aggrecan及ColⅡ的表达显著升高,雌激素预调则削弱压力对间充质干细胞的促成软骨分化作用。结论流体静压力及雌激素仅在骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化早期表现生物整合效应,而在增殖、细胞骨架活性方面则无此效应。在成骨分化晚期及成软骨分化中两种刺激因素表现出拮抗作用,雌激素可促成骨分化,而压力则表现为促成软骨分化的作用。     

人脂肪来源间充质干细胞成骨及成软骨的潜能

背景：人脂肪来源间充质干细胞是种具有较强的体外增殖和多系分化能力的成体干细胞,可以从美容吸脂手术中获得,取材方便,原料来源丰富,在生物治疗应用方面蕴藏着巨大的价值。 目的：体外分离、培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞,探讨其基本生物学特性及成骨成软骨的潜能。 方法：取美容吸脂获得的脂肪组织,采用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法分离人脂肪来源间充质干细胞并进行体外培养;观察细胞形态、测定细胞周期、流式细胞仪鉴定细胞表面标志;取第3代细胞,分别加入成骨诱导培养基及成软骨诱导培养基行体外成骨及成软骨诱导。 结果与结论：体外培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞呈纤维样形态,原代细胞24 h内贴壁,培养5~7 d 后开始形成细胞集落;经细胞周期检测显示G₀/G₁,S和G₂/M所占比例分别为(88±2)%,(12±2)%和0.03%。经流式细胞仪检测CD29和CD105呈阳性表达,CD34和CD45呈阴性表达。RT-PCR检测显示,人脂肪间充质干细胞经成骨诱导分化后细胞中骨桥蛋白mRNA呈阳性表达,经软骨诱导分化后细胞中Ⅱ型胶原mRNA呈阳性表达。结果证实,实验成功体外分离、培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞,其具有向成骨细胞和软骨细胞分化的潜能。     

HuR诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化的作用探析

目的　观察HuR对骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, BMSC）成软骨分化的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。 方法　选取4周龄 SD大鼠提取骨髓,制备BMSC,取第3代BMSC,分为HuR组和NC组,分别用pAdEasy-HuR-GFP病毒液（HuR组）和pAdEasy-GFP病毒液（NC组）干预,诱导14 d后进行固定、石蜡包埋、切片。行甲苯胺蓝进行染色,免疫组化、qPCR和检测XIAP、HuR、Col2a1的表达差异。 结果　甲苯胺蓝染色结果显示过表达HuR组的蛋白聚糖阳性信号比NC组多,且软骨球直径更大。免疫组化结果显示,XIAP、HuR、Col2a1随着含药血清浓度的提高逐渐上调,XIAP上调趋势比较明显,HuR和Col2a1上调不是很明显。qPCR检测到软骨HuR、XIAP明显升高,col2a1上调不明显。 结论 　过表达HuR有利于BMSC分化成软骨,其机制可能与HuR过表达后调控XIAP转录增加有关。     

Chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced by acellular cartilage sheets

Acellular cartilage sheets (ACSs) have been used as scaffolds for engineering cartilage with mature chondrocytes. In this study we investigated whether ACSs possess a chondrogenic induction activity that may benefit cartilage engineering with multipotent stem cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) isolated from newborn pigs were expanded in vitro and seeded on ACSs that were then stacked layer-by-layer to form BMSC-ACS constructs. Cells seeded on polyglycolic acid/polylactic acid (PGA/PLA) scaffolds served as a control. After 4 weeks of culture with or without additional chondrogenic factors, constructs were subcutaneously implanted into nude mice for another 4 weeks. Cartilage-like tissues were formed after 4 weeks of culture. However, formation of cartilage with a typical lacunar structure was only observed in induced groups. RT-PCR showed that aggrecan, COMP, type II collagen and Sox9 were expressed in all groups except the non-induced BMSC-PGA/PLA group. At 4 weeks post-implantation, cartilage formation was achieved in the induced BMSC-ACS group and partial cartilage formation was achieved in the non-induced BMSC-ACS group, confirmed by safranin O staining, toluidine blue staining and type II collagen immunostaining. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated the presence of transforming growth factor-β1, insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone morphogenic protein-2 in ACSs. These results indicate that ACSs possess a chondrogenic induction activity that promotes BMSC differentiation.     

骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导成软骨细胞的动态观察

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞定向诱导时间报道不一,对诱导中细胞动态变化进行观察比较的研究较少。 目的：观察兔骨髓间充质干细胞诱导8,11,14,17,20 d向成软骨细胞定向分化的动态变化情况以及诱导成熟时间。 方法：穿刺新西兰大白兔股骨穿刺抽取骨髓,密度梯度离心法分离、培养骨髓间充质干细胞。传至第3代后予以含转化生长因子β1等成分的无血清诱导液定向向软骨细胞诱导。根据不同的诱导时间分成为5组：8 d组、11 d组、14 d组、17 d组及20 d组。通过观察各组细胞形态、甲苯胺蓝染色结果、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化结果、培养液内多聚蛋白聚糖含量,比较各实验组定向诱导为成软骨细胞的情况。 结果与结论：诱导8 d时细胞形态有较明显改变,14 d时具有明显的软骨细胞形态。诱导培养液在诱导4 d时即可检出少量多聚蛋白聚糖,在8 d时浓度出现明显升高,并保持缓慢升高至20 d。在14 d时,诱导的细胞爬片甲苯胺蓝染色可见异染颗粒;Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化明显阳性表现。提示单层高密度接种的骨髓间充质干细胞,在转化生长因子β1等因子作用下能定向诱导为软骨细胞,诱导早期即可能有少量细胞向成软骨细胞分化,8 d时初步具有软骨细胞的形态、功能特征,14 d时成为较成熟的软骨细胞;诱导过程中细胞保持较高的生物活性。     

Glucocorticoids promote chondrogenic differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing expression of cartilage extracellular matrix genes

In the adult human, mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) resident in the bone marrow retain the capacity to proliferate and differentiate along multiple connective tissue lineages, including cartilage. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are required for chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro; however, the exact role of GCs in this process is not known. In this study, we examined the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs in the presence or absence of DEX, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), or DEX plus TGF-beta. GC treatment upregulated gene expression of cartilage matrix components aggrecan, dermatopontin, and collagen type XI; enhanced TGF-beta-mediated upregulation of collagen type II and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; and increased aggrecan and collagen type II production as well as cartilage matrix-sulfated proteoglycans as assessed by immunohistochemistry and alcian blue staining. Inclusion of an antagonist of GCs inhibited expression of chondrogenic differentiation markers, suggesting that the GC effects during chondrogenesis are mediated by the GC receptor (GR). Steady levels of the major active form of GR, GRalpha, were detected in both undifferentiated and differentiating hMSCs, whereas the dominant-negative isoform GRbeta, present at low levels in undifferentiated hMSCs, was downregulated during chondrogenesis. In the presence of DEX and TGF-beta, expression of a collagen type II gene promoter luciferase reporter construct in hMSCs was upregulated. However, coexpression of GRbeta dramatically inhibited promoter activity, suggesting that GRalpha is required for GC-mediated modulation of chondrogenesis and that GCs may play an important role in the maintenance of cartilage homeostasis.     

Continuing differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and induced chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages in electrospun PLGA nanofiber scaffold

Nanofibers have recently gained substantial interest for potential applications in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrospun nanofibers accommodate the viability, growth, and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as well as their osteogenic (hMSC-Ob) and chondrogenic (hMSC-Ch) derivatives. Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) beads with a PLA:PGA ratio of 85:15 were electrospun into non-woven fibers with an average diameter of 760+/-210 nm. The average Young's modulus of electrospun PLGA nanofibers was 42+/-26 kPa, per nanoindentation with atomic force microscopy (AFM). Human MSCs were seeded 1-4 weeks at a density of 2 x 10(6)cells/mL in PLGA nanofiber sheets. After 2 week culture on PLGA nanofiber scaffold, hMSCs remained as precursors upon immunoblotting with hKL12 antibody. SEM taken up to 7 days after cell seeding revealed that hMSCs, hMSC-Ob and hMSC-Ch apparently attached to PLGA nanofibers. The overwhelming majority of hMSCs was viable and proliferating in PLGA nanofiber scaffolds up to the tested 14 days, as assayed live/dead tests, DNA assay and BrdU. In a separate experiment, hMSCs seeded in PLGA nanofiber scaffolds were differentiated into chodrogenic and osteogenic cells. Histological assays revealed that hMSCs continuously differentiated into chondrogenic cells and osteogenic cells after 2 week incubation in PLGA nanofibers. Taken together, these data represent an original investigation of continuous differentiation of hMSCs into chondrogenic and osteogenic cells in PLGA nanofiber scaffold. Consistent with previous work, these findings also suggest that nanofibers may serve as accommodative milieu for not only hMSCs, but also as a 3D carrier vehicle for lineage specific cells.     

BMP12诱导恒河猴骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化为腱细胞

目的：研究骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化为腱细胞的可能性。方法：通过电穿孔法将外源基因BMF12导入骨髓间充质干细胞中，诱导骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化为腱细胞；在形态学和分子生物学水平上对诱导后的细胞加以鉴定。结果：光镜下，诱导后的细胞形态发生明显改变；RT-PCR结果表明，诱导后的细胞有BMP12和Collagen Ⅰ的mRNA的表达，而没有Collagen Ⅲ的mRNA表达；诱导后细胞呈CD44^ 为98．39％，HLA-DR^-。结论：BMF12能够诱导骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化为腱细胞，间充质干细胞有可能成为肌腱组织工程种子细胞来源之一。     

Development of a model system to analyze chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

High-density cell culture is widely used for the analysis of cartilage development of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) in vitro. Several cell culture systems, as micromass, pellet culture and alginate culture, are applied by groups in the field to induce chondrogenic differentiation of HMSCs. A draw back of all model systems is the high amount of cells necessary for the experiments. Further, handling of large experimental approaches is difficult due to culturing e.g. in 15 ml tubes. Therefore, we aimed to develop a new model system based on “hanging drop” cultures using 10 to 100 fold less cells. Here, we demonstrate that differentiation of chondrogenic cells was induced as previously shown in other model systems. Real time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that Collagen type II and MIA/CD-RAP were upregulated during culturing whereas for induction of hypertrophic markers like Collagen type X and AP-2 epsilon treatment with TGF beta was needed. To further test the system, siRNA against Sox9 was used and effects on chondrogenic gene expression were evaluated. In summary, the hanging drop culture system was determined to be a promising tool for in vitro chondrogenic studies.     

miR-155有助于骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化

背景：近年发现,miRNA是能够对基因表达产生影响的一种新型调控子,miRNA有助于多能干细胞分化增殖以及自我更新。 目的：探讨miR-155对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化的调控机制。 方法：12周龄健康SD大鼠60只,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组30只。于麻醉状态下将大鼠处死,获取下肢骨髓,进行骨髓间充质干细胞分离、培养,研究组给予miR-155基因模拟物转染,对照组给予阴性对照序列转染,经成软骨诱导分化后进行RT-PCR检测Sox9、CollagenⅡ、Aggrecan、Collagen X基因的表达,Western blot检测Sox9、Runx2蛋白的表达。 结果与结论：研究组Sox9、CollagenⅡ、Aggrecan基因表达高于对照组,Collagen X基因表达低于对照组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。研究组Sox9蛋白表达高于对照组,Runx2蛋白表达低于对照组,差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果表明miR-155不仅有助于骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化,而且可以抑制骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨分化呈肥大趋势发展。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

Ectopic cartilage formation induced by mesenchymal stem cells on porous gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronate scaffold containing microspheres loaded with TGF-beta1

The study aimed to produce a novel porous gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronate scaffold in combination with a controlled release of TGF- beta1 and to evaluate its potentials in ectopic cartilage formation. The gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronate scaffold was developed to mimic the natural extra cellular matrix of cartilage. Gelatin microspheres loaded with TGF- beta1 (MS-TGF beta1) showed a fast cytokine release at initial phase (37.4%) and the ultimate accumulated release was 83.1% by day 18. Then MS-TGF beta1 were incorporated into scaffold. The MSCs seeded on scaffold with or without MS-TGF beta1 were incubated in vitro or implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. In vitro study showed that, compared to the scaffold, the scaffold/MS-TGF beta1 significantly augmented the proliferation of MSCs and GAG synthesis. Three weeks postoperatively histology observation showed that in MSCs/scaffold/MS-TGF beta1 implantation group, cells of newly formed ectopic cartilage were located within typical lacunae and demonstrated morphological characteristics of chondrocytes. Six weeks later the ectopic cartilage grew more and islands of cartilage were observed. The matrix was extensively metachromatic by safranin-O/Fast green staining. Immunohistochemical staining also indicated ectopic cartilage was intensely stained for type II collagen. Instead, in the MSCs/scaffold implantation group, no cartilage-like tissue formed and matrix showed negative or weak positive staining. The percentage of positive staining area was significantly larger in MSCs/scaffold/MS-TGF beta1 group (p<0.05) at each time point. The results indicated that the novel gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronate scaffold with MS-TGF beta1 could induce the chondral differentiation of MSCs to form cartilage and might serve as a new way to repair cartilage defects.     

Characterization of esterified hyaluronan-gelatin polymer composites suitable for chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Composite scaffolds of homogeneously mixed esterified hyaluronan (HY) and gelatin (G) were manufactured with variable component compositions (HY100%; HY95%/G5%; HY70%/G30%). The goals of this study were to analyze the produced composite scaffolds using physical and chemical methods, for example, scanning electron microscopy, IR-spectroscopy, water contact angle, protein assay, and tensile testing as well as to assess the effects of adding gelatin to the composite scaffolds on attachment, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Numbers of attached cells were significantly higher on the composite material compared to pure hyaluronan at different time points of two-dimensional or three-dimensional cell culture (p< 0.02). In composite scaffolds, a significantly greater amount of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix components was deposited after 28 days in culture (glycosaminoglycan: p < 0.001; collagen: p < 0.001) as compared with 100% hyaluronan scaffolds. Additionally, gelatin-containing composite scaffolds displayed stronger promotion of collagen type II expression than pure hyaluronan scaffolds. The mechanism, based on which gelatin influences cell adhesion, was examined. The effect was inhibited by collagenase treatment of the composites or by addition of alpha5beta1-integrin blocking antibodies to the cell suspension. In summary, the results describe the establishment of a class of composite polymer scaffolds, consisting of esterified hyaluronan and gelatin, which are potentially useful for cell-based tissue engineering approaches using mesenchymal stem cells for chondrogenic differentiation.     

The formation of extracellular matrix during chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells correlates with increased levels of xylosyltransferase I

In vitro differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into chondrogenic cells and their transplantation is promising as a technique for the treatment of cartilaginous defects. But the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) formation remains elusive. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the regulation of proteoglycan (PG) biosynthesis during the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. In different stages of chondrogenic differentiation, we analyzed mRNA and protein expression of key enzymes and PG core proteins involved in ECM development. For xylosyltransferase I (XT-I), we found maximum mRNA levels 48 hours after chondrogenic induction with a 5.04 +/- 0.58 (mean +/- SD)-fold increase. This result correlates with significantly elevated levels of enzymatic XT-I activity (0.49 +/- 0.03 muU/1 x 10(6) cells) at this time point. Immunohistochemical staining of XT-I revealed a predominant upregulation in early chondrogenic stages. The highly homologous protein XT-II showed 4.7-fold (SD 0.6) increased mRNA levels on day 7. To determine the differential expression of heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and dermatan sulfate (DS) chains, we analyzed the mRNA expression of EXTL2 (alpha-4-N-acetylhexosaminyltransferase), GalNAcT (beta-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase), and GlcAC5E (glucuronyl C5 epimerase). All key enzymes showed a similar regulation with temporarily downregulated mRNA levels (up to -87-fold) after chondrogenic induction. In accordance to previous studies, we observed a similar increase in the expression of PG core proteins. In conclusion, we could show that key enzymes for CS, DS, and HS synthesis, especially XT-I, are useful markers for the developmental stages of chondrogenic differentiation.     

Shh促进BMP9诱导的小鼠间充质干细胞C3H10T1/2的成骨分化

目的 观察Shh蛋白对骨形态发生蛋白9(BMP9)诱导的小鼠间充质干细胞(MSCs) C3H10T1/2成骨分化的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法 Shh腺病毒和BMP9作用于C3H10T1/2细胞,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)检测ALP变化,茜素红S染色检测钙盐沉积,RT-PCR检测Shh、BMP9、骨桥蛋白(OPN)、骨钙素(OCN)以及成骨相关基因Id1、Id2、Id3、CTGF和Runx2的表达,Western blot检测OPN、OCN、Runx2、DLX5和p-Smad1/5/8的蛋白水平,荧光素酶报告基因检测Smad1/5/8的转录活性.结果 Shh不影响BMP9的表达,但可增强由BMP9诱导的C3H10T1/2细胞早晚期成骨分化(P＜0.05),并促进BMP9诱导的成骨相关基因的表达(P＜0.05);Shh促进了BMP9诱导的Smad荧光素酶活性(P＜0.05),但对其磷酸化并无影响.结论 Shh可促进BMP9诱导的小鼠C3H10T1/2细胞的成骨分化.     

胎盘间充质干细胞的体外诱导分化

背景：与骨髓、外周血、脂肪及胚胎等来源的间充质干细胞相比,脐带和胎盘组织来源的间充质干细胞具有来源广泛、易于获得、不引起供者不适以及不存在道德伦理争议等优势。 目的：探讨胎盘间充质干细胞体外分离、培养、传代的方法及其分化潜能,为胎盘间充质干细胞的临床应用提供基础研究依据。 方法：应用计算机检索2000年1月至2011年12月PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库与胎盘间充质干细胞有关的文章,中文检索词为“胎盘间充质干细胞,体外,诱导分化”,英文检索词为“Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells,Induction and differentiation in vitro”。共检索到文献98篇,最终纳入符合标准的33篇文献。 结果与结论：目前国内胎盘间充质干细胞还处于基础研究阶段,国外胎盘间充质干细胞在实验研究方面已经取得了一定的进展,而且也在临床应用研究方面有了一定的突破。胎盘间充质干细胞具有来源广泛,取材方便,不引起供者不适以及不涉及伦理道德问题,与捐献骨髓或采集动员外周血相比,供者无痛苦,感染机会少, 扩增能力强等,在临床治疗方面有待于进一步深入研究。     

软基质力学特性对滑膜间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的干预作用

背景：课题组前期研究表明,较软的培养基质对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的形态及细胞骨架有明显的影响。 目的：探讨不同弹性模量的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶软基质对人滑膜间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的影响。 方法：无菌条件下获取骨关节炎患者滑膜组织,有限稀释法获得原代人滑膜间充质干细胞,流式细胞术进行细胞表面标记物鉴定,多向诱导分化实验进行功能鉴定。用丙烯酰胺和甲叉双丙烯酰胺制备0.4,6,30 kPa 3个弹性模量的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶软基质作为培养人滑膜间充质干细胞的基底,在转化生长因子β1存在的情况下分别培养7 d和14 d,RT-PCR方法检测软骨形成相关基因COL2A1、CRTAC1 mRNA的表达,以6孔细胞培养板作为对照组。 结果与结论：在不同弹性模量上生长的人滑膜间充质干细胞表现出不同的细胞形态;软基质的弹性模量及培养时间对人滑膜间充质干细胞成软骨基因COL2A1、CRTAC1的表达有交互作用：7 d时,CRTAC1 mRNA在6 kPa弹性模量聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上表达量最高(F=44.350,P=0.000);7 d时,COL2A1 mRNA在0.4 kPa弹性模量聚丙烯酰胺软基质上的表达量最高(F=6.384,P=0.005)。较低弹性模量的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶软基质比常规细胞培养板更具有促进滑膜间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化的作用。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程