中药成分CDP抑制肿瘤细胞生长及其去甲基化作用的研究

目的探讨中药成分CDP对肿瘤细胞系的生长抑制作用及其对抑癌基因p 16启动子区CpG岛的去甲基化作用。方法培养人肝癌细胞系Huh-7和乳腺癌细胞系T 47D,用M TT法检测药物对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用;分别用不同剂量、同一剂量不同时间的CDP和5-azacytid ine(5-aza-C)作用细胞;同时提取细胞的DNA,用甲基化特异性PCR(m ethy lation-spec ific PCR,M SP)的方法观察肿瘤细胞系p 16基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化/去甲基化的状态。结果①Huh-7和T 47D细胞系皆为抑癌基因p 16启动子区CpG岛完全发生甲基化的肿瘤细胞系。②CDP和5-aza-C以时间、剂量依赖方式抑制Huh-7和T 47D增殖。③在25、50、75和100μm o l/L的CDP持续作用6 d后,Huh-7和T 47D p 16基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化特异性条带仍然存在;Huh-7在四个剂量CDP作用下,非甲基化特异性条带被扩增出,T 47D则在50、75和100μm o l/L CDP作用下,非甲基化特异性条带被扩增出。④在50μm o l/L CDP作用后,Huh-7和T 47D p 16基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化特异性条带仍然存在;Huh-7非甲基化特异性条带自12 h出现并持续到144 h,而T 47D非甲基化特异性条带72 h出现并持续到144 h。结论中药成分CDP可以抑制肿瘤细胞的生长并可以逆转高甲基化的p 16基因,具有开发并成为抗肿瘤药物的潜在价值。     

三氧化二砷对乳癌细胞系MDA-MB-468雌激素受体表达的影响

目的:探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人雌激素受体α(ERα)阴性的乳癌细胞株MDA-MB-468进行药物诱导后ERα启动子CPG岛的甲基化状态及蛋白的变化。方法:常规培养MDA-MB-468细胞,采用MTT法检测0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0和16.0mmol/LAs2O3分别处理24、48和72h后细胞的生长抑制率,甲基化特异性PCR检测1.0、2.0、4.0μmol/LAs2O3处理72h后MDA-MB-468细胞ERα启动子CpG岛的甲基化状态,Westernblot检测1.0、2.0、4.0μmol/LAs2O3处理72h后MDA-MB-468细胞ERα蛋白的表达情况。结果:As2O3可抑制MDA-MB-468细胞增殖,其作用呈时间和剂量依赖性(F浓度=375.603,F时间=474.827,P<0.001)。经1.0、2.0、4.0μmol/LAs2O3处理后的MDA-MB-468细胞启动子CpG岛甲基化水平降低,ERα蛋白重新表达。结论:As2O3明显抑制MDA-MB-468增殖,适当浓度As2O3能诱导ERα去甲基化,使ERα阴性的MDA-MB-468细胞恢复表达ERα。     

肼苯哒嗪对人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231雌激素受体α去甲基化的影响

目的探讨肼苯哒嗪对雌激素受体（ER）α阴性人乳腺癌细胞株MDA—MB-231ERα基因启动子区CpG岛DNA甲基化的影响。方法体外细胞培养,按药物浓度分为4组：分别用0、5、10、20μmol／L的肼苯哒嗪作用ERa阴性人乳腺癌细胞株MDA—MB-231细胞96h;按药物作用时间分为4组：分别于0、72、96、120h10μmol／L肼苯哒嗪作用ERn阴性人乳腺癌细胞株MDA—MB-231细胞,倒置光学显微镜下观察肼苯哒嗪对细胞生长的影响。各组提取MDA—MB-231细胞总RNA,用RT-PCR及图像分析检测肼苯哒嗪对MDA—MB-231细胞ERamRNA表达的影响;提取MDA—MB-231细胞基因组DNA,纯化、修饰后用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应（MSP）检测乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231ERa基因启动子区CpG岛DNA甲基化状态。结果与对照组比较,5、10、20μmol／L肼苯哒嗪组ER／β-actin光密度积分值比值均明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;72、96、120h10μmol／L肼苯哒嗪组ER／β-actin光密度积分值比值均明显升高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。5μmol／L肼苯哒嗪作用120h后ERa基因呈部分去甲基化状态,而经10μmol／L肼苯哒嗪作用120h后的ERα基因呈完全去甲基化状态。结论肼苯哒嗪可以逆转ERα阴性人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231ERα基因启动子区CpG岛DNA甲基化状态,使沉默基因重新表达。     

左旋多巴处理SH-SY5Y细胞可能通过DNA甲基化调节单胺氧化酶B基因的转录

目的 探究左旋多巴(L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine,L-DOPA)对多巴胺代谢关键基因单胺氧化酶B(monoamine oxidase B,MAO-B)转录的影响及其表观遗传学调控机制。方法 以人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞作为研究对象,应用基因组甲基化定量试剂盒检测L-DOPA对基因组甲基化的影响;采用半定量RT-PCR方法探究L-DOPA和DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂5-氮杂-2'-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine,5-aza-dC)对MAO-B转录的影响;应用甲基化特异性PCR(methylation specific PCR,MSP)技术检测L-DOPA对MAO-B基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化程度的影响。结果 1L-DOPA(2 μmol/L和20 μmol/L)和50 μmol/L 5-aza-dC处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h均会使其基因组甲基化降低。2L-DOPA(2 μmol/L和20 μmol/L)处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h会使MAO-B mRNA下调,而多巴脱羧酶(DOPA-decarboxylase,DDC)和儿茶酚胺氧位甲基转移酶(catechol-O-methyltransferase,COMT)转录无明显变化。3不同浓度5-aza-dC(0、50、100和150 μmol/L)处理细胞24 h,MAO-B mRNA表达明显上调,DDC和COMT转录无明显变化,提示MAO-B可能受到DNA甲基化调控。4L-DOPA处理可使MAO-B基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化升高,而5-aza-dC可使该区域CpG岛甲基化降低,说明该区域甲基化受L-DOPA影响而升高,并可能是MAO-B基因转录活性下调的原因。结论 L-DOPA可能对MAO-B基因的转录活性有抑制作用,且可能是通过L-DOPA诱导的高CpG甲基化所导致,从表观遗传学(主要是DNA甲基化)对临床上L-DOPA治疗可能产生的多巴胺代谢紊乱及其不良反应做出了新的解释。     

无机砷对人支气管上皮细胞p16基因甲基化及表达的影响

目的 观察亚砷酸钠（NaAsO2)和胂酸肽（Na3AsO4)对人支气管上皮BEP2D细胞p16基因甲基化及表达的影响。方法 采用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）及RT－PCR等技术观察分析BEP2D细胞p16基因甲基化和表达水平。结果 （1）NaAsO2(0.016-2μmol/L）和高浓度组Na3aSo4(80和160μmol/L）具有促进BEP2D细胞p16基因二核苷酸CpG岛甲基化作用;而低浓度组Na3AsO4(20和40μmol/L）不能使BEP2D细胞p16基因CpG岛发生甲基化。（2）无机砷可使BEP2D细胞p16基因表达下降,且NaAsO2较Na3AsO4更为明显。结论 无机砷可引起BEP2D细胞p16基因CpG岛甲基化程度增高和表达水平下降,提示p16基因高甲基化是无机砷致癌的可能途径之一。     

胃癌p16基因启动子CpG岛甲基化研究

目的：探讨p16基因启动子CpG岛甲基化在胃癌中的表达及意义．方法：采用特异性甲基化PCR（MSP）法检测p16基因启动子CpG岛甲基化水平．结果：对照组未检测到CpG岛甲基化,胃癌细胞株均检测到CpG岛甲基化,23例（74％）胃癌组织检测到CpG岛甲基化．此外,17例（74％）癌旁组织检测到CpG岛甲基化．胃癌组织p16基因CpG岛甲基化与分化程度及淋巴结转移之间无相关关系（P〉0．05）．结论：胃癌广泛存在p16基因启动子CpG岛甲基化,并且可能是胃癌发生的早期分子事件．     

白血病细胞雌激素受体α启动子CpG 岛甲基化状态的实验研究

目的 检测3种白血病细胞Jurkat、Molt-4、HL-60的雌激素受体α(estrogen receptorα,ERα)基因启动子ERα-A、ERα-B CpG岛甲基化状态,初步探讨ERα启动子区的甲基化状态以及与白血病发病机制的可能联系.方法 应用甲基化特异性PCR技术(MSP)检测3种白血病细胞株与正常人外周血单个核细胞ERα启动子区ERα-A 和ERα-B启动子区CpG岛甲基化状态.结果 白血病细胞株ERα-A 和ERα-B均出现甲基化条带,为全甲基化状态;正常人外周血单个核细胞ERα-A 和ERα-B CpG岛呈现非甲基化状态.结论 ERα基因启动子ERα-A 和ERα-B CpG岛的甲基化状态有可能成为白血病新的分子诊断标记物.     

胃癌患者hMLH1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化状态及其与蛋白表达的关系

目的：探讨胃癌组织中hMLH1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化及蛋白的表达与胃癌生物学行为的关系,并分析hMLH1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化与其蛋白表达的相关性。方法：采用甲基化特异性PCR（methylation-specific PCR,MSP）技术和免疫组织化学SP法检测45例患者胃癌组织、正常胃组织中hMLH1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化情况及蛋白的表达。结果：hMLH1基因启动子区CpG岛在胃癌及正常组织中的甲基化阳性率分别为33.3%和0（P〈0.05）;hMLH1蛋白在胃癌及正常组织中的阳性率分别为57.8%和95.2%（P〈0.05）;hMLH1基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化及蛋白的表达与胃癌的临床病理参数无关（P〉0.05）;hMLH1基因启动子甲基化与hMLH1蛋白表达呈明显的负相关（P〈0.05）。结论：hMLH1基因启动子区CpG岛的异常甲基化是引起蛋白表达缺失的主要原因,hMLH1蛋白表达缺失与胃癌的发生有关。     

ERα基因启动子甲基化状态对乳腺癌细胞系MTA1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平的影响

目的: 探讨乳腺癌细胞系中雌激素受体α(ERα)启动子甲基化状态的改变对其MTA1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平的影响,阐明ERα启动子去甲基化对MTA1基因表达的作用。方法: 用去甲基化药物5-Aza-dC处理ERα启动子高甲基化状态的MDA-MB-435s和低甲基化状态的MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞系为5-Aza-dC处理组,同时设 2种细胞系的未处理组为对照组。甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)法检测各组细胞ERα启动子甲基化状态。Western blotting法检测各组细胞MTA1蛋白表达水平,RT-PCR法检测各组细胞MTA1 mRNA表达水平。结果: 5-Aza-dC逆转了MDA-MB-435s和MDA-MB-231细胞系ERα启动子甲基化状态; MDA-MB-435s乳腺癌细胞系中,与对照组比较,5-Aza-dC处理组MTA1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平均下调(P<0.05);MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞系中,与对照组比较,5-Aza-dC处理组MTA1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平亦均下调(P<0.05)。结论: 改变MDA-MB-435s和MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞系ERα基因启动子甲基化状态后,MTA1 mRNA和蛋白表达均下降,提示ERα启动子去甲基化后可以下调MTA1基因的表达,二者之间存在调控关系。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.