罗哌卡因用于分娩镇痛对产妇泌乳的影响

目的 探讨罗哌卡因用于足月产妇阴道分娩镇痛对催乳素(PRL)水平、泌乳始动时间及泌乳量充足率的影响.方法 选择北京市海淀区妇幼保健院产科2006年1月至2007年6月足月阴道分娩产妇124例,随机分为分娩镇痛组75例,对照组49例.分娩镇痛组产妇应用硬膜外电子镇痛泵持续泵入罗哌卡因用于分娩镇痛,先以0.125%罗哌卡因3 ml注入硬膜外腔,观察5 min无异常反应后再注入12 ml,将麻醉平面控制在胸10以下,以5 ml/h(0.104 mg/min)的速度持续泵入罗哌卡因,直至宫口开全后关闭镇痛泵.对照组为自然分娩产妇,不用任何镇痛措施.应用微粒子化学发光法分别测定两组产妇产前、产后0、2、6、12和24 h血清催乳素水平,记录泌乳始动时间和每日新生儿哺乳次数,并以新生儿排尿次数和哺乳后睡眠时间判断泌乳量充足与否,测量产后24 h的新生儿体重下降情况.结果 (1)两组产妇催乳素水平产后即开始升高,于产后2 h达到高峰,并于产后24 h维持在较高水平上.(2)分娩镇痛组产妇催乳素水平在产后2、24 h分别为(19.5±8.4)、(14.5±5.6)nmol/L,对照组产妇催乳素水平在产后2、24 h分别为(22.6±7.2)、(16.9±5.7)nmol/L,两组分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).(3)分娩镇痛组产妇泌乳始动时间在产后24 h内者为73例(97%,73/75),泌乳量充足率在产后48 h内为73%(55/75),产后24 h新生儿体重下降(57±42)g;对照组产妇泌乳始动时间在产后24 h内为45例(92%,45/49),泌乳量充足率在产后48 h为57%(28/49),产后24 h新生儿体重下降(62±40)g,两组分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 (1)罗哌卡因用于分娩镇痛可影响产妇的催乳素分泌,但不影响泌乳始动时间和泌乳量充足率.(2)罗哌卡因用于分娩镇痛时,产妇催乳素仍处于较高水平,以满足泌乳的必要条件.     

产后康复治疗仪促进剖宫产术后产妇泌乳的作用评价

目的：探讨产后康复治疗仪促进剖宫产术后产妇泌乳的作用。方法：将166例剖宫产术后产妇随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上,产后6h用产后康复治疗仪进行乳房护理干预;观察比较两组产妇泌乳始动时间和产后24h、48h、72h泌乳量。结果：观察组产妇泌乳始动时间提前,产后24h、48h、72h泌乳量增多,与对照组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0．001）。结论：应用产后康复仪进行乳房护理干预可促进剖宫产术后产妇乳汁分泌,促成母乳喂养的成功,且操作简便,无不良反应,值得推广应用。     

科迈吸乳器加特定电磁波谱治疗器在产后泌乳中的应用

目的观察科迈吸乳器加特定电磁波谱（TDP）治疗器对产后泌乳的应用效果。方法选取160例产妇作为观察对象,随机分为4组,各40例,对比泌乳护理效果。结果：对照组（1组）泌乳始动时间为（31．02±8．14）h。科迈吸乳器组（2组）泌乳始动时间为（21．07±6．85）h,TDP治疗器组（3组）泌乳始动时间为（29．12±7．56）h,科迈吸乳器加TDP治疗器组（4组）泌乳始动时间为（15．94±4．25）h。应用科迈吸乳器加TDP治疗器乳房照射,产妇的泌乳量明显多于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：应用科迈吸乳器加TDP治疗器乳房照射,能帮助产后1～3天产妇顺利进行母乳喂养,预防乳汁淤积带来的痛苦和不适,减轻产妇经济负担,提高母乳喂养率。     

产后血清C反应蛋白的影响因素研究

目的 研究不同影响因素对产后血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)的影响。 方法 选择2008年6月至2008年8月在北京大学第一医院妇产科分娩的产妇296例,其中有妊娠合并症和并发症产妇184例为合并症组,正常妊娠112例为正常组。留取产妇产后48 h血常规和超敏CRP,并结合其临床资料进行分析。 结果 正常组中,58例经阴道分娩,54例剖宫产分娩。阴道分娩 组产后48 h血白细胞[(10.0±2.2)×10⁹/L]和剖宫产组白细胞[(12.0±8.1)×10⁹/L]均较非孕期正常值高;阴道分娩组CRP[(29.2±15.7) mg/L] 和剖宫产组CRP[(75.5±35.8) mg/L]均高于非孕期正常值(P<0.05), 并且阴道分娩组的CRP低于剖宫产组(P<0.05)。 相关分析显示,分娩方式与CRP呈正相关(r=0 .632,P<0.001)。184例合并症组产妇中,合并妊娠期糖代谢异常、妊娠期高血压疾病、早产和胎膜早破对产后48 h CRP无明显影响(P>0.05);产时宫内感染、新生儿感染和产妇产后上呼吸道感染均可导致产后CRP升高(P<0.05)。 结论 产后48 h CRP较非孕期正常值明显升高;分娩方式是产后48 h CRP的主要影响因素;产后CRP监测感染性疾病应考虑分娩方式的影响,动态观测可更好的指导临床抗生素的合理应用。     

剖宫产和阴道分娩产妇催乳素水平的变化

剖宫产和阴道分娩产妇催乳素水平的变化郑伟缪敏芳姚芷芳石一复我们采用放射免疫分析法，对６２例剖宫产和阴道分娩产妇血清和初乳中的催乳素（ＰＲＬ）水平进行了测定和比较，并对剖宫产和阴道分娩产妇乳汁分泌和新生儿体重变化进行了分析。现报道如下。一、资料与方法１...     

产母抑郁对母乳喂养的影响

目的探讨产母抑郁对母乳喂养的影响.方法对206例初产妇采用自评抑郁量表评分,分成产母抑郁组和对照组,研究泌乳指标、泌乳素水平、新生儿生理性体重下降和产后4个月纯母乳喂养率的差异.结果产母抑郁组泌乳始动时间迟,产后24h泌乳率仅为10.71%;泌乳量少,产后72h泌乳量多者仅9例;产后第三天泌乳素水平低,为198.54士21.32μg/L,新生儿生理性体重下降持续时间长,达76.82士4.73h,幅度大,为138.12士21.35g,1周体重回复率低,仅48.81%;产后4个月纯母乳喂养率低,仅16.67%.经统计学处理,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论产母抑郁对母乳喂养有不利影响,应引起重视,应加强对产妇进行心理健康指导.     

剖宫产术后不同镇痛药物对产妇乳汁分泌的影响

目的:探讨剖宫产术后不同镇痛药物对产妇乳汁的分泌的影响。方法:将我院2011年2月至2011年7月收治的120例剖宫产产妇为研究对象分为3组,吗啡硬膜外镇痛组50例,曲马多静脉镇痛组50例和未镇痛组20例,比较三组的镇痛效果、开奶时间、72h泌乳不足的比例、术前、术后24h、48h血清泌乳素(PRL)值、泌乳情况及不良反应。结果:镇痛组的VAS评分、开奶时间均显著优于未镇痛组,P<0.05。各组之间的PRL、72h泌乳不足的比例无显著性差异,P>0.05。结论:术后镇痛有利于建立产后泌乳反射,泌乳始动时间早,提高母乳喂养率。且曲马多镇痛的不良反应少于吗啡。     

初产妇产后早期盆腔器官脱垂的高危因素分析

目的：探讨初产妇足月阴道分娩后产后早期盆腔器官脱垂（POP）发生的高危因素。方法：选取2017年1-4月在上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院产后6～8周复诊的经阴道足月分娩的初产妇1 216例。同时行盆腔器官脱垂定量分度法（POP-Q）评分,按评分结果分为POP组（644例）和对照组（572例）,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析各种产科因素与产后早期发生POP的相关性。结果：在1 216例阴道分娩的初产妇中,POP的发生率为52.96%（644/1 216）;POP组的年龄、分娩孕周、新生儿出生体质量以及产钳助产率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;而2组产妇孕前体质量指数（BMI）、孕期体质量增加量、产时BMI、第二产程时间、是否会阴裂伤和是否会阴侧切比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,与年龄＜28岁的产妇相比,年龄≥36岁的产妇产后早期POP的发生风险显著升高（OR=2.352,P=0.010,95%CI：1.222～4.526）;与新生儿出生体质量＜3 000 g的产妇相比,新生儿出生体质量为3 500～3 999 g和≥4 000g的产妇产后POP的发生风险均显著增加（OR=2.039,P=0.000,95%CI：1.385～3.003;OR=2.676,P=0.007,95%CI：1.303～5.495）;与自然分娩的产妇相比,行产钳助产的产妇产后POP发生风险显著升高（OR=1.760,P=0.019,95%CI：1.097～2.823）。结论：初产妇阴道分娩产后POP的发生与年龄、新生儿出生体质量以及产钳助产有关。阴道分娩产后POP发生率高,应加强产妇盆底疾病的预防及重视产后康复训练,尤其是有高危因素的产妇。     

母婴同室100例临床分析及母乳喂养的体会

目的：母婴同室100例临床分析与母乳喂养体会。方法：（1）试验组为母婴同室,对照组为非母婴同室,测定24h、72h泌乳率。（2）随访、调查两组4个月纯母乳喂养率、人工喂养率。结果：（1）试验组24h泌乳率为30％,72h泌乳率达100％;对照组24h内母乳喂养率为1％,72h泌乳率为89％,72h后仍有11例产妇未泌乳。（2）试验组4个月纯如喂养率86％,人工喂养仅为1％;对照组4个月纯母乳喂养率30％,混合喂养率57％,纯人工喂养13％。结论：自然分娩、剖宫产术后婴儿,通过母乳喂养知识宣教以及医护人员协助,采取适当的产妇体位、及早与婴儿接触、尽旱泌乳等个体化的方法,能明显提高母乳喂养的效率。     

剖宫产术后不同镇痛方式对产妇泌乳的影响

目的观察剖宫产术后不同镇痛方式对产妇的泌乳状况及对血清泌乳素(PRL)的影响。方法孕足月初产妇120例分为四组;A组剖宫产术后采用硬膜外芬太尼、布比卡因自控镇痛(PCEA);B组为剖宫产术后静脉芬太尼自控镇痛(PCA);C组为剖宫产术后未行镇痛;D组为阴道自然分娩。采用放射免疫法测定PRL浓度,VAS估计镇痛效果。结果 24 h后,B组疼痛评分高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。4~48 h不同时间,C组疼痛评分高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。24 h前,C组疼痛评分高于A组、B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A、B、D组产妇产后开始泌乳时间早、母乳量充足时间晚、7 d纯母乳喂养率高与C组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);产后24 h、48 h PRL水平均明显高于产前(P0.01);C组产后24 h、48 h,PRL水平均低于A\B\D组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论剖宫产术后采用芬太尼、布比卡因硬膜外镇痛效果优于静脉镇痛,产后镇痛未见对血PRL水平及泌乳等的影响,疼痛是影响产妇泌乳的因素之一。     

Subsequent obstetric performance related to primary mode of delivery.

OBJECTIVE: To relate subsequent obstetric performance with primary mode of delivery. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire survey of women who delivered their first child five years ago. SETTING: Huddersfield Royal Infirmary. POPULATION: Women who were delivered of their first baby in 1991: 250 by normal vaginal delivery; 250 by instrumental vaginal delivery; and 250 by caesarean section. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Answers to fixed choice questions on fear of future childbirth, number of subsequent children and reasons for no further children. RESULTS: The response rate was 64%. Overall, 222 (46.6%) women were initially frightened about future childbirth. According to mode of delivery: 93 (57.1%) after instrumental vaginal; 79 (47.9%) after caesarean section; and 50 (33.8%) after normal vaginal delivery. Five years after the primary delivery, 99 women (20.8%) were still frightened about future childbirth: instrumental vaginal group 41 (25.2%); caesarean section group 43 (26.1%); and normal vaginal group 15 (10.1%). In the group of women who were delivered by caesarean section 13% more women had not had a second child after five years compared with the normal vaginal delivery group ((P < 0.03, relative risk 1.46 (1.07-1.99)). In the group of women who had a vaginal instrumental delivery 6% more had not had a second child after five years compared with normal vaginal delivery group. Of the women who had no further children, 30% who had caesarean section and 28% vaginal instrumental delivery had involuntary infertility. CONCLUSIONS: Caesarean section or vaginal instrumental delivery leaves many mothers frightened about future childbirth. Primary caesarean section and to some extent vaginal instrumental delivery is associated with an increased risk of voluntary and involuntary infertility.     

Persistent urinary incontinence and delivery mode history: a six-year longitudinal study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of persistent and long term postpartum urinary incontinence and associations with mode of first and subsequent delivery. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Maternity units in Aberdeen (Scotland), Birmingham (England) and Dunedin (New Zealand). POPULATION: Women (4214) who returned postal questionnaires three months and six years after the index birth. METHODS: Symptom data were obtained from both questionnaires and obstetric data from case-notes for the index birth and the second questionnaire for subsequent births. Logistic regression investigated the independent effects of mode of first delivery and delivery mode history. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Urinary incontinence-persistent (at three months and six years after index birth) and long term (at six years after index birth). RESULTS: The prevalence of persistent urinary incontinence was 24%. Delivering exclusively by caesarean section was associated with both less persistent (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.32-0.68) and long term urinary incontinence (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.40-0.63). Caesarean section birth in addition to vaginal delivery, however, was not associated with significantly less persistent incontinence (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.67-1.29). There were no significant associations between persistent or long term urinary incontinence and forceps or vacuum extraction delivery. Other significantly associated factors were increasing number of births and older maternal age. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of persistent and long term urinary incontinence is significantly lower following caesarean section deliveries but not if there is another vaginal birth. Even when delivering exclusively by caesarean section, the prevalence of persistent symptoms (14%) is still high.     

Caesarean section and subsequent fertility in sub-Saharan Africa

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of caesarean section on fertility among women in sub-Saharan Africa. DESIGN: Analysis of standardised cross-sectional surveys (Demographic and Health Surveys). SETTING: Twenty-two countries in sub-Saharan Africa, 1993-2003. SAMPLE: A total of 35 398 women of childbearing age (15-49 years). METHODS: Time to subsequent pregnancy was compared by mode of delivery using Cox proportional hazards regression models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Natural fertility rates subsequent to delivery by caesarean section compared with natural fertility rates subsequent to vaginal delivery. RESULTS: The natural fertility rate subsequent to delivery by caesarean section was 17% lower than the natural fertility rate subsequent to vaginal delivery (hazard ratio = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.96, P < 0.01; controlling for age, parity, level of education, urban/rural residence and young age at first intercourse). Caesarean section was also associated with prior fertility and desire for further children: among multiparous women, an interval > or =3 versus <3 years between the index birth and the previous birth was associated with higher odds of caesarean section at the index birth (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7, P= 0.005); among all women, the odds of desiring further children were lower among women who had previously delivered by caesarean section (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.54-0.84, P < 0.001). Caesarean section did not appear to increase the risk of a subsequent pregnancy ending in miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth. CONCLUSIONS: Among women in sub-Saharan Africa, caesarean section is associated with lower subsequent natural fertility. Although this reflects findings from developed countries, the roles of pathological and psychological factors may be quite different because a much higher proportion of caesarean sections in sub-Saharan Africa are emergency procedures for maternal indication.     

Induction of labour with prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel in women with one previous caesarean section

ObjectiveTo study the outcome of induction of labour with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal gel in those with one previous caesarean section.DesignOne year prospective comparative study.SettingA tertiary care Armed Forces Hospital, Muscat.PopulationForty-six women with one previous caesarean section (CS) underwent PGE2 vaginal gel induction (study group). Hundred women with previous CS had gone into spontaneous onset of labour (control group).Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures are mode of delivery and uterine rupture. Others are neonatal outcome, indications for caesarean section, and complications like, postpartum haemorrhage and infectious morbidity.ResultsOverall rate of vaginal delivery after caesarean section (VBAC) was 65.21% and 79% in the study and control groups, respectively. There were 7 cases of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions (7%) in the control group; however, none in the study group. Caesarean section done for foetal distress was 5/16 CS in the study group (31.25%) and 10/21 CS in the control group (47.61%). There were no cases of uterine rupture in both control and study groups.ConclusionInduction of labour with prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel in women with one previous caesarean section does not significantly increase the risk of caesarean section rate or ruptured uterus and does not adversely affect immediate neonatal outcome.     

Subsequent obstetric performance related to primary mode of delivery

Objective To relate subsequent obstetric performance with primary mode of delivery.
Design Postal questionnaire survey of women who delivered their first child five years ago.
Setting Huddersfield Royal Infirmary.
Population Women who were delivered of their first baby in 1991: 250 by normal vaginal delivery; 250 by instrumental vaginal delivery; and 250 by caesarean section.
Main outcome measures Answers to fixed choice questions on fear of future childbirth, number of subsequent children and reasons for no further children.
Results The response rate was 64%. Overall, 222 (4606%) women were initially frightened about future childbirth. According to mode of delivery: 93 (57.1%) after instrumental vaginal; 79 (47.9%) after caesarean section; and 50 (33.8%) after normal vaginal delivery. Five years after the primary delivery, 99 women (20.8%) were still frightened about future childbirth: instrumental vaginal group 41 (25.2%); caesarean section group 43 (26.1%); and normal vaginal group 15 (10.1%). In the group of women who were delivered by caesarean section 13% more women had not had a second child after five years compared with the normal vaginal delivery group ((   P < 0.03  , relative risk 1.46 (1.07–1.99)). In the group of women who had a vaginal instrumental delivery 6% more had not had a second child after five years compared with normal vaginal delivery group. Of the women who had no further children, 30% who had caesarean section and 28% vaginal instrumental delivery had involuntary infertility.
Conclusions Caesarean section or vaginal instrumental delivery leaves many mothers frightened about future childbirth. Primary caesarean section and to some extent vaginal instrumental delivery is associated with an increased risk of voluntary and involuntary infertility.     

Mode of delivery is associated with maternal and fetal endocrine stress response

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mode of delivery is associated with the endocrine stress response in mother and child. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Tertiary care centre, University hospital. POPULATION: A total of 103 nulliparous women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term undergoing either spontaneous labour for vaginal delivery or delivering by caesarean section without labour. Thirty women delivered vaginally without any pain relief, 21 women delivered vaginally with epidural anaesthesia, 23 women had ventouse extraction and 29 women underwent caesarean section with epidural analgesia. METHODS: After delivery, maternal and umbilical cord blood was collected for determination of different stress-associated hormones. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentrations of epinephrine (EP), norepinephrine (NOR), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (CORT), prolactin (PRL), corticotropin-releasing factor and beta-endorphin (BE). RESULTS: Caesarean section was associated with significantly lower maternal concentrations of EP, NOR, ACTH, CORT, PRL and BE and lower newborn levels of EP, NOR and CORT compared with all other modes of delivery. Concentrations of EP, ACTH and BE differed significantly in newborns delivered by normal vaginal delivery, vaginal delivery with epidural anaesthesia and ventouse extraction. CONCLUSIONS: The mode of delivery and analgesia used during birth are associated with maternal and fetal endocrine stress responses.     

A randomised controlled trial of early versus delayed oxytocin augmentation to treat primary dysfunctional labour in nulliparous women

Background  Oxytocin is widely used to speed up slow labour, especially in nulliparous women, but randomised trials, apart from one reported only in abstract, have been too small to exclude important effects.
Objective  To test the hypothesis that early use of oxytocin reduces the need for caesarean delivery.
Design  A randomised controlled trial.
Setting  Twelve obstetric units within the Northern and Yorkshire regions in the North East of England.
Participants  A total of 412 low-risk nulliparous women in spontaneous labour at term, who had been diagnosed with primary dysfunctional labour were recruited from January 1999 to December 2001.
Intervention  Immediate oxytocin administration (active group) or oxytocin withheld for up to 8 hours (conservative group).
Main outcome measures  Caesarean section and operative vaginal delivery rates. The length of labour measured from the time of randomisation to delivery. The rate of maternal Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) greater than 12 (major depression) within 48 hours of delivery.
Results  The caesarean section rates were 13.5% active versus 13.7% controls (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.6–1.7). Operative delivery, 24.5% versus 30.9% (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.5–1.1). The median (interquartile range) randomisation to delivery interval in the active group was 5 hours 52 minutes (3:57–8:28) and in the conservative group 9 hours 8 minutes (5:06–13:16) ( P < 0.001). The rate of EPDS >12 was 20% in the active arm versus 15% among controls (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.7–2.2). There was one perinatal death in each group and no major differences in perinatal outcomes.
Conclusions  Among nulliparous women with primary dysfunctional labour, early use of oxytocin does not reduce caesarean section or short-term postnatal depression. However, it shortens labour considerably and may reduce operative vaginal deliveries.     

早期皮肤接触对剖宫产产妇心理状态及母乳喂养的影响:前瞻性随机对照试验

目的探讨母婴早期皮肤接触(skin-to-skin contact,SSC)对剖宫产产妇心理状态及母乳喂养的影响。方法前瞻性选取2017年8月1日至12月31日在深圳市南山区妇幼保健院行择期足月剖宫产的产妇221例,随机分为早接触组和对照组。对照组产后常规护理;早接触组实施母婴早期SSC,即新生儿娩出后1 h内赤裸全身俯卧于母亲裸露的乳房之间,持续1~2 h。观察指标包括:(1)泌乳启动时间以及首次母乳喂养测量工具评分;(2)产后72 h和42 d的纯母乳喂养率、母乳喂养自我效能量表评分和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分。采用两独立样本t检验、χ2检验和二分类logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果最终210例产妇纳入分析,早接触组和对照组各105例。42 d随访时早接触组失访20例,对照组失访17例。与对照组比较,早接触组首次母乳喂养成功率[77.1%(81/105)与59.1%(62/105),χ2=7.913]、首次母乳喂养测量工具评分[(9.5±1.7)与(8.6±1.4)分,t=4.115]、泌乳启动时间≤24 h的比例[41.0%(43/105)与12.4%(13/105),χ2=23.205]、产后72 h和42 d的纯母乳喂养率[36.2%(38/105)与22.9%(24/105);76.5%(65/85)与60.2%(63/88);χ2值分别为4.486和5.261]以及产后72 h和42 d母乳喂养自我效能量表评分[(117.5±12.0)与(111.8±22.3)分;(124.3±11.6)与(113.1±19.0)分;t值分别为2.100和4.710]均提高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。但早接触组产后72 h和42 d的爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分与对照组差异无统计学意义[(5.4±3.5)与(5.9±4.0)分,t=0.937,P=0.350;(7.0±3.7)与(8.1±4.0)分,t=0.905,P=0.058]。二分类logistic回归分析显示,早期SSC是产后42 d纯母乳喂养成功的保护因素(OR=2.359,95%CI:1.173~4.743,P=0.016)。结论早期SSC可以提高剖宫产产妇母乳喂养自信心,促进泌乳启动,提高首次母乳喂养的成功率和产褥期纯母乳喂养率,是一种值得推广的临床实践。     

Clinical analysis of pregnancy complicated by hypertension in the material of the Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology of the Pomeranian Academy of Medicine

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was retrospective analysis of arterial hypertension during pregnancy in the Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology of Pomeranian Academy of Medicine in Szczecin, and severe PIH intensive obstetrical care optimization. DESIGN: The retrospective analysis of 81 pregnancies complicated by arterial hypertension in the years 1995-2000 was performed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The retrospective analysis of 81 pregnancies was performed. Patients were divided into two groups. In the first pregnancy was ended by caesarean section (n = 43), in the second by vaginal delivery. The mean gestational age, the way of delivery, accompanying diseases, uric acid levels, short term variability, Dawes - Reedman's criteria, presence of decelerations in CTG, Doppler PI, S/D, RI parameters in umbilical artery and cerebral arteries, presence of AEDVF and REDVF in umbilical artery were analyzed. RESULTS: Caesarean section was performed in 53.1% of all cases, in 46.9% vaginal delivery took place. Absolute range of short-term variability was more often less than 6 ms in caesarean section group (41.9%). Uric acid level was also higher in caesarean section group (p = 0.000194) CONCLUSIONS: 1. The caesarean rate in pregnancies complicated by arterial hypertension is over 50% and during severe PIH is approximately 100%. 2. Caesarean section takes place before estimated delivery date and indications to it are in most cases connected with a main disease 3. Short-term variability is lower among patients from caesarean section group. 4. Uric acid level is a relevant parameter of a degree of arterial hypertension, and the level is higher in first group. 5. Doppler velocimetry of umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery are valid part of obstetrical care among patients with PIH.