微创手术治疗后纵隔良性神经源性肿瘤42例报告

目的探讨后纵隔神经源性肿瘤微创手术治疗的方法和价值。方法 1993年5月～2009年3月,经微创手术切除42例后纵隔良性神经源性肿瘤。胸腔镜切除29例,其中16例加小切口辅助;脊柱旁小切口胸膜外切除10例;哑铃形肿瘤3例,均后正中切口切除椎管内肿瘤,1例胸腔镜切除胸内肿瘤,2例脊柱旁小切口胸膜外切除。结果 42例均完整切除肿瘤,无中转开胸。无并发症。病理诊断神经鞘瘤27例,神经纤维瘤7例,神经节细胞瘤8例。34例随访6个月～14年,其中3年16例,3～5年13例,5年5例。无局部复发。结论微创手术切除后纵隔良性神经源性肿瘤安全、可靠、创伤小。胸腔镜手术为首选治疗方法。对有胸膜粘连或肿瘤长入椎间孔者,应选择脊柱旁小切口胸膜外切除方法 。     

胸腔镜纵隔肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨胸腔镜在纵隔肿瘤诊断和治疗方面的应用。方法1995年6月～2002年12月对34例纵隔肿瘤病人行胸腔镜手术切除。男性9例，女性25例。年龄16岁～74岁，平均43．9岁。胸腺瘤14例(良性胸腺瘤9例，恶性5例)，神经源性肿瘤6例，支气管源性囊肿5例，畸胎类肿瘤4例，心包囊肿2例，转移癌、淋巴瘤、蔓状血管瘤各1例。肿瘤最大径3．5cm～6cm，平均45cm。全麻双腔气管插管，单侧肺通气，健侧卧位，胸腔镜trocar位于腋中线6或7肋间，2个操作trocar根据肿瘤位置而定。结果34例纵隔肿瘤中，25例完成胸腔镜肿瘤切除，9例小切口辅助完成。3例仅行肿瘤活检。术后恢复良好,无严重并发症，无死亡。结论纵隔良性肿瘤，特别是中、后纵隔肿瘤，是胸腔镜手术的最佳适应证。     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗后纵隔良性神经源性肿瘤

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜手术切除后纵隔良性神经源性肿瘤的临床疗效和价值. 方法 回顾性分析德阳市人民医院2008年3月至2012年4月运用电视胸腔镜手术切除后纵隔良性神经源性肿瘤24例的临床资料,其中男17例、女7例,年龄17～71 (41.25±14.78)岁;分析其安全性、有效性和危险性. 结果 全组24例均顺利完成手术,手术时间(114.25±52.30)min,手术出血量(214.45±123.12)ml,术中、术后输血2例,术后胸腔闭式引流时间(2.75±1.42)d,术后住院时间(7.25±3.26)d.全组24例中,19例在全胸腔镜下完成,3例哑铃型神经源性肿瘤采用胸腔镜联合背部小切口切除,2例中转开胸,中转开胸手术率8.33％.术后轻微并发症3例,无围手术期死亡.术后病理检查示神经鞘瘤10例,神经纤维瘤9例,神经节细胞瘤5例.术后24例均进行了随访,随访时间(21.23±18.56)个月,全组均生存,无复发. 结论 利用电视胸腔镜手术治疗后纵隔良性神经源性肿瘤安全、有效,但应严格掌握手术适应证及合理的手术方式,熟练掌握电视胸腔镜手术治疗后纵隔良性神经源性肿瘤的手术技巧,能有效地降低手术风险.     

电视胸腔镜治疗后纵隔神经源性肿瘤

目的 利用电视胸腔镜切除后纵隔神经源性肿瘤,探讨该技术的操作特点.方法 2001年5月至2011年6月利用电视胸腔镜切除后纵隔神经源性肿瘤58例中男36例,女22例.平均年龄38.7岁.实体瘤平均最大径为4.9 cm.术前合并神经系统或肺部症状16例,无症状体检发现42例.病变位于左侧24例,右侧33例,双侧1例.手术通过3个切口完成,多采用包膜内剥除的方法,较大之滋养血管采用钛夹或Hem-o-lock夹闭;肿瘤来源神经者分别在瘤体两端正常神经束部位钛夹夹闭后剪断.如肿瘤巨大、粘连严重或出血时,延长前胸壁切口长约6 ～10 cm,转为开胸手术治疗.结果 全组手术顺利,无围手术期死亡.手术时间127.2 min,术中出血206.4ml,术中术后输血3例,术后胸腔闭式引流时间2.72天,住院5.19天.53例在全腔镜下完成手术,中转开胸5例.术后并发症7例,其中Homer综合征4例.术后病理亦神经鞘瘤25例,神经纤维瘤23例,神经节细胞瘤8例,副神经节细胞瘤1例,恶性副神经节细胞瘤1例.术后随访44.9个月,未见肿瘤复发.结论 利用胸腔镜治疗后纵隔神经源性肿瘤是一种安全、有效的手术方式,但需严格把握适应证并熟练掌握胸腔镜手术技巧.包膜内肿瘤切除是保障手术安全、减少手术并发症的重要手段.肿瘤直径超过6 cm时手术风险明显增加.胸膜顶肿瘤也是该类手术的难点之一.     

单孔胸腔镜治疗胸部良性病变18例

目的探讨单孔胸腔镜手术在胸部良性病变治疗中的可行性及安全性。方法2012年10月～2013年8月,施行全麻双腔气管插管下单孔胸腔镜手术18例。于腋前线与腋中线间第4或第5肋间做切口长2～3cm,置入5mm 30°胸腔镜和器械,行肺大疱切除、胸膜固定术12例,胸腔止血、肺大疱切除、胸膜固定术1例,肺楔形切除术3例,胸腺囊肿切除术1例,纵隔肿瘤切除术1例。结果无中转开胸或增加辅助切口。自发性气胸12例,自发性血气胸1例,肺结核球3例,胸腺囊肿1例,纵隔神经鞘瘤1例。手术时间30～82min,平均55min,出血量10～100ml,平均50ml。胸腔闭式引流时间2～5d,平均3．5d。术后随访2～12个月,平均5．2月,无复发及其他并发症。结论单孔胸腔镜手术治疗胸部良性病变简单易行,安全可靠。     

电视胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤手术54例报告

目的 探讨电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗纵隔肿瘤的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析我院2009年1月～2011年9月行胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤手术54例.一般置3个trocar,首先于腋中线第6～8肋间置第1个trocar(1.0 cm),置入30°10 mm硬质胸腔镜探查,明确病变部位及其毗邻关系后,按照倒三角形决定另外2个trocar(1.5 ～ 2.0 cm)的部位,术中根据情况可将操作孔与镜孔互换.若肿瘤较大,或与周围粘连不易显露,或与大血管关系紧密,考虑出血后不易止血采用胸腔镜辅助小切口(video-assisted minithoracotomy,VAMT),沿trocar延长小切口5～8 cm直视下操作.结果 41例全胸腔镜下完成手术;12例胸腔镜辅助小切口;1例因肿瘤侵犯左无名静脉中转开胸手术.1例胸腺增生伴重症肌无力,术中损伤膈神经,术后胸片提示患侧膈肌抬高,术后6个月复查胸片恢复.2例术后气胸,经胸腔闭式引流后痊愈;均未出现术中及术后近期(30 d内)死亡.术后病理:胸腺瘤18例,胸腺增生12例,胸腺癌1例,支气管囊肿8例,胸腺囊肿1例,淋巴细胞增生2例,畸胎瘤4例,神经源性肿瘤6例,胸膜脂肪瘤1例,胸腺孤立性纤维瘤1例.54例随访8 ～ 36个月,中位随访时间23个月,所有良性肿瘤均无复发,侵袭性胸腺瘤复发1例.结论 电视胸腔镜纵隔肿瘤切除是可行和安全的,可获得满意的临床效果.     

单孔3D胸腔镜在巨大纵隔肿瘤诊治中的应用

目的探讨单孔3D胸腔镜(single-port three-dimensional video-assisted thoracic surgery,SP-3D-VATS)切除巨大(直径≥5 cm)纵隔肿瘤的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2017年1月～2019年12月单孔3D胸腔镜切除巨大纵隔肿瘤12例资料,胸部CT测量肿瘤直径5～10 cm,(6.9±1.9)cm。腋前、中线第4或5肋间切口长3～4 cm,利用胸腔镜器械行纵隔肿瘤及全胸腺切除。结果手术均成功完成,无中转开胸。手术时间40～240 min,(130.8±71.5)min;术中出血量40～200 ml,(100.4±56.1)ml;胸腔引流时间2～4 d,(2.8±0.7)d;术后住院时间2～5 d,(3.2±1.0)d。术后病理诊断畸胎瘤2例,胸腺瘤5例,神经鞘瘤2例,胸腺癌1例,心包囊肿1例,支气管囊肿1例。术后迟发性乳糜胸1例。术后随访6～38个月,(27.9±8.2)月,无复发。结论单孔3D胸腔镜下切除巨大纵隔肿瘤是安全、可行的。     

电视胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤手术54例报告CSCD

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗纵隔肿瘤的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析我院2009年1月～2011年9月行胸腔镜下纵隔肿瘤手术54例。一般置3个trocar,首先于腋中线第6～8肋间置第1个trocar(1.0 cm),置入30°10 mm硬质胸腔镜探查,明确病变部位及其毗邻关系后,按照倒三角形决定另外2个trocar(1.5～2.0 cm)的部位,术中根据情况可将操作孔与镜孔互换。若肿瘤较大,或与周围粘连不易显露,或与大血管关系紧密,考虑出血后不易止血采用胸腔镜辅助小切口(video-assisted minithoracotomy,VAMT),沿trocar延长小切口5～8 cm直视下操作。结果 41例全胸腔镜下完成手术;12例胸腔镜辅助小切口;1例因肿瘤侵犯左无名静脉中转开胸手术。1例胸腺增生伴重症肌无力,术中损伤膈神经,术后胸片提示患侧膈肌抬高,术后6个月复查胸片恢复。2例术后气胸,经胸腔闭式引流后痊愈;均未出现术中及术后近期(30 d内)死亡。术后病理:胸腺瘤18例,胸腺增生12例,胸腺癌1例,支气管囊肿8例,胸腺囊肿1例,淋巴细胞增生2例,畸胎瘤4例,神经源性肿瘤6例,胸膜脂肪瘤1例,胸腺孤立性纤维瘤1例。54例随访8～36个月,中位随访时间23个月,所有良性肿瘤均无复发,侵袭性胸腺瘤复发1例。结论电视胸腔镜纵隔肿瘤切除是可行和安全的,可获得满意的临床效果。     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺疾病58例

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术治疗胸腺疾病的方法和价值。方法 1994年7月～2010年7月,完全胸腔镜下或胸腔镜辅助小切口完整切除胸腺、胸腺瘤和胸腺囊肿58例：完全胸腔镜下切除33例,其中胸腺瘤切除8例,全胸腺切除7例,全胸腺切除纵隔脂肪清扫3例,胸腺囊肿切除15例;胸腔镜辅助小切口下切除25例,其中胸腺瘤切除9例,全胸腺切除14例,全胸腺切除纵隔脂肪清扫2例。结果 58例均在完全胸腔镜或胸腔镜辅助小切口下完成切除,无并发症。完全胸腔镜下切除33例,手术时间70～90 min,平均80 min;胸腔镜辅助小切口下切除25例,手术时间55～70 min,平均65 min。无中转开胸。术中出血50～100 ml,平均60 ml。术后留置胸腔闭式引流3～5 d,平均4 d。术后住院5～9 d,平均7 d。术后病理诊断：胸腺瘤34例,胸腺增生6例,胸腺囊肿15例,胸腺脂肪瘤3例。48例随访1～5年,其中〈2年19例,2～5年29例,均无复发。结论电视胸腔镜手术切除胸腺瘤和胸腺囊肿安全可靠,切除彻底,具有微创、恢复快及并发症少的特点。     

胸腔镜下双孔法治疗后纵隔肿瘤20例

目的探讨胸腔镜下双孔法治疗后纵隔肿瘤的可行性。方法取健侧卧位前倾30°,于患侧腋中线第6肋间做1 cm长切口为胸腔镜观察孔,腋前线第3/4肋间做一3 cm长操作切口。经操作口置入电凝钩及吸引器,切开纵隔肿瘤外膜后使用圆头吸引器于包膜内钝性分离并完整切除肿瘤。结果手术均顺利完成,无中转开胸。平均手术时间46.5 min（35～78 min）,平均术中出血量65.5 ml（30～110 ml）,术后胸腔引流时间平均2.5 d（1～4 d）,术后平均住院4.5 d（3～7 d）。术后病理：神经纤维瘤8例,神经鞘瘤4例,畸胎瘤3例,支气管囊肿2例,淋巴结结核2例,脂肪瘤1例。20例随访6～12个月,无复发。结论胸腔镜下双孔法治疗后纵隔肿瘤安全可行。     

Resection of neurogenic tumors in children: is thoracoscopy superior to thoracotomy?

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive resection of solid tumors is controversial because of concerns of inadequate resection and local recurrence. Thoracoscopy has been used in the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors in children, but its role in resection is unproved. The purpose of this study was to compare thoracoscopic and open approaches to the resection of thoracic neurogenic tumors in children. STUDY DESIGN: The tumor registry of a regional children's hospital was queried to identify patients who underwent resection of neurogenic tumors over a 6-year period. Thoracoscopic and open groups were compared for demographic, operative, oncologic, and outcomes characteristics. RESULTS: Seventeen children underwent resection of mediastinal neurogenic tumors (10 thoracoscopic resections, 7 open resections). Mean age was 4.7 years (range 6 months to 12 years). The thoracoscopic and open groups showed no difference in operative time or blood loss. Tumors in the two groups were comparable in size (5.2+/-2.2 cm versus 5.7+/-2.6 cm), histology, surgical margin, and stage. Hospital stay was shorter after thoracoscopic resection (1.9+/-0.7 days versus 4.1+/-2.5 days, p<0.05). There were no regional recurrences. Distant metastases developed in one patient in each group. Eight of 10 children with malignant tumors remain disease-free at an average of 25 months of followup (range 3 to 80 months). CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic resection of neurogenic tumors achieved similar local control and disease-free survival when compared with open resection in this preliminary series. These results were accompanied by a shorter hospital stay. These findings suggest that thoracoscopic resection of neurogenic tumors in children may offer advantages to open resection and should be studied in the context of a large, cooperative trial.     

Thoracoscopic approach to posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors in the adult

Although neurogenic tumors are the most frequent posterior mediastinal tumors, few reports exist on thoracoscopic resection, and methods are not yet standardized. Two cases of thoracoscopic resection of benign posterior mediastinal schwannomas are presented. We believe that in carefully selected patients, thoracoscopic resection can be performed easily and with minimal morbidity.     

Mediastinal neurogenic tumors and video-assisted thoracoscopy: always the right choice?

Neurogenic mediastinal tumors in adults are generally benign lesions and for this reason are ideal candidates for resection by video-assisted thoracoscopy (VAT). Usual contraindications to VAT are the dimension of the tumor (greater than 6 cm), its position (apex, posterior costodiaphragmatic angle), and/or the presence of intraspinal growth (the so-called "dumbbell tumors"). This study reviewed a single-institution 10-year experience approaching mediastinal neurogenic tumors routinely by VAT, even in cases of the above mentioned contraindications. From January 1992 to December 2002, 15 consecutive mediastinal neurogenic tumors were operated by VAT (11 females, mean age 43 years, range 16-67). Mean operating time was 99 minutes (range 60-180). No conversion thoracotomy was required. The 2 cases of "dumbbell tumor" in this series were treated by laminectomy followed by VAT. Two patients had a Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome after removal of lesion at the level of T1-T2. Mean postoperative stay was 5.5 days. Histologic diagnosis was schwannoma in 12 cases (Antoni type A in 7 cases, type B in 4 cases, mixed type in 1 case) and neurofibroma in 3 cases. Results from this 10-year experience confirmed that VAT can be the standard approach for neurogenic tumors in adults without negative effect on radicality of resection and safety of the procedure.     

Thoracoscopic resection as the preferred approach to posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors

Traditionally, resection of posterior mediastinal neurogenic tumors (PMNTs) has been through a posterolateral thoracotomy. Although thoracoscopic resection of these tumors has been advocated, treatment guidelines have not been reported previously. The authors report a thoracoscopic resection of a PMNT and conducted a retrospective review of similar cases in the literature. Successful thoracoscopic resection was compared with tumor size and type using a nonpaired t test (alpha: P < 0.05). A total of 29 patients (13 men, 16 women), aged 26 to 68 years, who underwent a thoracoscopic resection of a PMNT were identified. Preoperative imaging included chest radiography and computed tomography in all patients and magnetic resonance imaging in 15 of 29 patients (52%). All tumors were located in the posterior mediastinum without preoperative evidence of invasion or malignancy. Conversion to an open procedure was necessitated in 12 of 29 (41%) patients ("minithoracotomy" in 11, posterolateral thoracotomy in 1). Tumor size necessitating conversion to an open procedure (mean = 4.79 cm) and tumor size amenable to thoracoscopy alone (mean = 3.84 cm) were not significantly different (P < 0.09). Pathology revealed 22 schwannomas (76%), 6 ganglioneuromas (21%), and 1 malignant schwannoma (3%) and was not associated with conversion to an open procedure (P < 0.99). Thoracoscopic resection of PMNTs can be performed successfully, regardless of tumor type or size; however, malignancy, local invasion, and tumors >5 cm may require an open procedure. Thoracoscopic resection can replace thoracotomy in the treatment of PMNTs.     

Thoracoscopic resection of posterior neurogenic tumors

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) may be used for resection of posterior mediastinal tumors to avoid thoracotomy and shorten hospital stay. Between October 1990 and June 1998, 23 patients had VATS resection of posterior neurogenic tumors. The 14 females and 9 males ranged in age from 14 months to 70 years, with a median of 35 years. Operation time ranged from 30 to 120 minutes (median, 83), and intraoperative complications were limited to minor problems as well as conversion to thoracotomy to enhance complete tumor resection in four cases. Tumor pathology included nerve sheath origin (20) and autonomic ganglia (3). There was only one malignant schwannoma. Tumor size ranged from 0.7 to 13 cm in diameter. Median chest tube days was 1 day (range, 1-4), and hospital stay was 2 days (range, 1-9). Postoperative complications included transient paresthesia (three cases), ileus (two cases), pleural effusion (one case), and transient intercostal pain (one case). Posterior neurogenic tumors may be resected safely using video-assisted techniques. Conversion to thoracotomy to enhance complete resection is both possible and encouraged. The use of VATS seems to decrease hospital stay and minimize postoperative complications. In posterior neurogenic tumors without tumor extension to the spinal canal, VATS has become our preferred method for resection.     

单操作孔全胸腔镜治疗纵隔肿瘤疗效分析(附35例报告)

目的总结单操作孔全胸腔镜治疗纵隔肿瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年5月至2017年11月治疗的35例纵隔肿瘤患者的临床资料,均采用单操作孔全胸腔镜行纵隔肿瘤切除术。结果全组手术时长75~160 min,平均108.4 min,术中失血50~300 ml,平均失血150 ml,瘤体最大径为3~5 cm,术后带管时间为3~6 d,总住院时长12~31 d,平均18.8 d。35例患者均未发生术后并发症,全部康复出院。结论单操作孔胸腔镜手术治疗纵隔肿瘤具有创伤小、恢复快的优点,适宜在有适应证的患者中使用。     

Thoracoscopic removal of neurogenic mediastinal tumors: technical aspects

Background: Thoracoscopy is fast becoming the standard approach for the removal of neurogenic mediastinal tumors. However, there are risks for adjacent nervous structures (stellate ganglion, spinal cord). The aim of this study was to review the technical features of this approach.Methods: Between December 1999 and January 2003, nine patients underwent thoracoscopic resection of a mediastinal neurogenic tumor at our hospital. Five of these patients were asymptomatic with incidentally found tumor; the other four patients had compression-related syndromes. Two tumors had developed in the superior sulcus, and one had a spinal canal component (dumbell-type tumor).Results: Thoracoscopic dissection was possible in all cases. In one patient, resection of the tumor was performed via a combined neurosurgical and thoracoscopic approach. Seven tumors were benign nerve sheath tumors (schwannoma), and 2 were nerve cell tumors (ganglioneuroma). The postoperative course was uncomplicated in all patients.Conclusion: The thoracoscopic resection of mediastinal neurogenic tumors is technically easy, except for bulky tumors of the superior sulcus and dumbbell tumors, which require a combined thoracoscopic and neurosurgical approach.     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺良性疾病128例

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）治疗肺良性疾病的价值，以利手术方式微创化。方法2001年5月至2006年5月，采用电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺部良性疾病128例。病种包括结核球或结核性空洞、支气管扩张症、炎性假瘤、巨大肺大泡（〉10cm）、错构瘤、淋巴管肌瘤等17种病变。术前较明确诊断53例，其它经术中冰冻及术后病理诊断确诊。手术行病变局部切除66例，单肺叶切除56例，双肺叶切除2例，双侧胸腔同期肺叶切除4例（均为支气管扩张症）。局限性切除采用纯腔镜操作，切口为3个孔；肺叶切除采用辅助7～10cm左右小切口。结果局部切除患者手术时间为30～180min，平均110min；术中出血10～300ml，平均60ml，无术中输血；术中中转小切口2例；1例术后出血，经保守治疗得以控制；术后平均住院时间6．5d。单侧肺叶切除患者手术时间为80～260min，平均145min；术中出血50～500ml，平均190ml；术中未输全血；3例因致密粘连中转常规开胸；2例术后肺部感染，加强抗感染后治愈；1例术后出血再开胸止血；2例切口延迟愈合；1例术后发生左侧隔疝，再次手术修补；术后住院时间4～13d，平均7．4d。双侧胸腔肺叶切除患者手术时间为270～415min，平均330min；术后住院时间8～16d，平均10．7d。全组患者无围手术期死亡。结论胸腔镜手术治疗肺良性疾病创伤小，切口美观，患者恢复快，手术安全，对适合患者应作为可选手术方式，有广泛的开展价值。