重症连枷胸手术与非手术治疗的临床对比研究

目的对比研究手术内固定与非手术治疗重症创伤性连枷胸为主的全身多发伤的疗效。方法将2004年1月一2013年5月收治的116例合并胸骨骨折的重症创伤性连枷胸为主的复合伤患者分为不同的手术组与非手术治疗组对比研究,临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果手术组胸壁畸形、迟发性血气胸、肺部炎症、肺不张及呼吸功能衰竭等并发症较非手术治疗组有明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗后4个月肺功能手术组限制性通气障碍较非手术治疗组有明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对合并胸骨骨折的重症创伤性连枷胸病例行胸部手术内固定可减少连枷胸引起的并发症,内固定有一定的近期和远期效果。     

连枷胸合并血气胸的急诊处理临床分析

目的观察连枷胸合并血气胸根据手术时机行急诊肋骨内固定术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2014年2月收治的49例连枷胸合并血气胸患者的临床资料,其中男性31例,女性18例;年龄19~79岁,平均年龄(49.2±7.8)岁。按手术时机分组:受伤后2d内接受早期手术者26例为观察组,2~7d接受晚期手术者23例为对照组,分析两组患者的机械通气时间、下床时间、拔管时间、疼痛程度以及并发症情况。结果观察组机械通气时间、下床时间、拔管时间分别为(95.2±13.1)h、(48.8±11.2)h、(32.8±10.7)h,显著少于对照组的相应指标(P0.05);观察组术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和重度疼痛比例显著低于对照组(P0.05),观察组肺不张、肺部感染发生率和死亡率明显低于对照组,而两组患者胸廓畸形和肋间神经痛发生率无明显差别。结论早期急诊肋骨内固定术治疗连枷胸合并血气胸可以及时消除胸壁软化及反常呼吸运动,改善呼吸功能,减少并发症,明显有利于病情恢复。     

创伤性连枷胸合并肺挫伤诊治进展

连枷胸是一种常见的胸部钝性伤,多合并肺实质的损伤,易引起急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）及呼吸衰竭。多层螺旋CT、床旁超声、经食道超声心动图（TEE）及电视胸腔镜是诊断连枷胸和肺挫伤的良好方法。连枷胸合并肺挫伤的治疗较复杂,良好的镇痛、可靠的软化胸壁固定及呼吸机辅助治疗是提高连伽胸合并肺挫伤疗效的关键。本文就连枷胸合并肺挫伤的诊治进展进行了综述。     

严重胸外伤合并挤压综合征三例

严重胸外伤合并挤压综合征三例王延明藏玉林徐东袁玉朝宋宇宏张国平例１男，４２岁，汽车后轮辗压伤致双侧多发肋骨骨折、右侧连枷胸、血气胸、肺挫伤及胸背部软组织广泛挫伤．伤后５小时发现肉眼血尿．因呼吸困难、血压低，给予气管切开，胸腔闭式引流及抗休克治疗，胸部...     

钢丝捆绑、弓形竹片外固定治疗连枷胸35例

连枷胸对呼吸、循环功能影响大 ,及时控制连枷胸所致反常呼吸是胸部创伤救治成功的关键。作者采用钢丝捆绑弓形竹片外固定方法治疗连枷胸 35例 ,效果满意。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　本组男 2 3例 ,女 12例 ;年龄 16 58岁。致伤原因 :车祸伤 2 0例 ,跌落伤 10例 ,撞伤 5例。损伤类型 :单侧肋骨骨折 4根 13例 ,5根以上18例 ,双侧肋骨骨折 4例 ,合并胸骨骨折 3例 ;单侧3根 2处骨折 15例 ,3根 3处 8例 ,4根 2处 5例 ,4根 3处 3例 ,双侧 2根 2处 3例 ,3根 2处 1例。均有明显的反常呼吸合并不同程度的血气胸及肺挫裂伤。全部采用钢丝捆绑弓形竹…     

重症连枷胸11例救治体会

连枷胸(flail chest，浮动胸壁)是严重胸外伤之一，病死率超过10%。重症连枷胸大都合并肺挫伤，加重伤情并易出现呼吸困难与低氧血症。2000年至今，我们共救治重症连枷胸伤11例，均治愈。     

无创正压通气治疗连枷胸合并肺挫伤

目的探讨无创正压通气模式(NIPPV)对连枷胸合并肺挫伤的早期治疗作用。方法应用Bear1000呼吸机通气治疗连枷胸合并肺挫伤29例：分为无创正压呼吸机通气治疗组(无创组)和气管插管呼吸机通气治疗组(有创组)。结果全组病人无死亡。无创正压通气治疗连枷胸合并肺挫伤,效果满意,能明显改善氧分压、氧合指数;同时,脱机时间、ICU时间明显短于有创组。结论连枷胸和肺挫伤是两个相互影响、相互作用的因素,共同加重呼吸、循环功能障碍,治疗上应采取机械通气、胸壁固定以及激素等综合治疗,以降低此类患者死亡率。     

创伤性连枷胸84例

创伤性连枷胸是胸部外伤的危急重症之一,常合并多器官损伤,病死率高达10%～36%,治疗十分困难[1,2].笔者回顾性分析我院1990年1月-2009年1月收治的84例连枷胸患者的临床资料,探讨连枷胸的抢救治疗经验.     

创伤性连枷胸合并肺挫伤的几个问题

连枷胸主要通过胸内压与胸骨旁肌力的失衡产生矛盾运动,浮动胸壁出现的呼吸窘迫与低氧血症主要是因肺挫裂伤所致的肺实质损害,并非来自反常呼吸。连枷胸是一种多见的胸部钝性伤,常合并肺实质的损伤,易引起急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）及呼吸衰竭。本文深入地分析连枷胸的病理生理最新进展,结合当前的研究现状重点对连枷胸和肺挫伤的内固定和机械通气的适应证及硬膜外麻醉镇痛等进行综述。良好的镇痛、软化胸壁良好的固定、呼吸机辅助是治疗连枷胸和肺挫伤的关键。     

肋骨环抱式接骨器在连枷胸治疗中的应用

对17例胸外伤合并连枷胸患者行肋骨环抱式接骨器内固定,术前发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)8例,术后均恢复正常.该方法对连枷胸肋骨内固定稳固,操作简便,减轻疼痛及改善呼吸功能明显.     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Temporal changes in the oxidation state in in vitro blood

The rates at which the paramagnetic compounds deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MHb) form in vivo within an area of hemorrhage are unknown. The present experiment establishes the baseline concentrations and rates of change in paramagnetic hemoglobin concentrations, as well as the pH in normal heparinized and clotted human blood maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C under anaerobic conditions over 30 hours. There was a moderate increase in Hb concentration in normal heparinized blood (average increase was 15.5%, rate = 0.50%/hour) and a slight increase in MHb concentration in the heparinized blood and clots (average increase was 1.4%, rate = 0.044%/hour). A second experiment was done to verify the activity of the RBC systems responsible for maintaining the hemoglobin molecule in the reduced state. Conversion of MHb to Hb in these samples proceeded at a rate of 5.6%/hour. In a third experiment, blood from 11 normal subjects maintained at 4 degrees C 25 degrees C was analyzed for MHb concentration over the course of 28 days. The level of MHb formation remained in the range of normal for at least 11 days in all subjects. The authors conclude that at basal conditions created in vitro, the blood levels of both Hb and MHb remain at relatively low levels. Therefore, if the accumulation of Hb and/or MHb occurs in acute in vivo hematomas it must be driven by intrinsic tissue factors.     

Carcinoma in situ in cryptorchid testes in post-pubertal patients]

The pathohistologic analysis of testis sections of 37 postpuberty patients with different types of cryptorchism is performed. The tissue samples were taken during orchiopehy, fixed in Bouin's solution and treated by the standard histologic techniques. The morphologic criteria are presented for identification of the presence of the so called carcinoma in situ cells found in two cases. Besides, in 13 patients rare, mainly single, atypical germinative cells were found in a smaller number of the seminiferous tubules. It has been concluded that the presence of carcinoma in situ cells in undescended testes of some patients and considering the simple way of sampling, lack of complications and high reliability of the diagnostic procedure, it is absolutely justified to take routine biopsy of testes during orchiopexy in each postpuberty and perhaps prepuberty patient.     

我国医用辐射防护研究概况

医学放射学技术的迅速发展及介入放射学在临床广泛应用，使更多的人受到电离辐射的照射，同时也促进了医疗照射防护工作的发展。文中重点综述了我国医用辐射防护工作者近年来在Ｘ射线ＣＴ的医疗照射防护、对介入放射学工作者的剂量监测以及应用医疗照射防护体系，降低医疗照射剂量等方面所作出的成绩和研究进展     

新时期军医学院人才培养的思考

在新的历史条件下 ,军医学院迎接未来高技术局部战争的挑战 ,适应部队武器装备的不断更新以及医学科技、社会发展对人才素质提出的新要求 ,必须在更为广阔的时空背景下找准人才培养的着眼点 ,科学确立人才培养方向 ,提高人才培养质量。现就人才培养思考如下 :1　改变教育观念 ,     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。