金多靶对肥胖病人皮肤微循环与脂肪组织的影响

目的 观察口服减肥药金多靶对单纯性肥胖病人皮肤微循环与皮下脂肪的影响。方法 用接触式显微电视系统对23例病人及20例健康人作治疗前后（2个月）动态观察。肥胖病人服药剂量0．8－2．4g(每日3次）。活体观察部位为：前额、腹部和上臂内侧,微循环与皮下脂肪组织为观察重点,指标为毛细血管、毛细血管血流、皮肤皱折、皮下脂肪。后者的定量是根据形态用积分法表示。结果 与对照组比肥胖病人额部及腹部毛细血管襻呈襻顶者明显增多（P＜0．05）,分别占74％及47％,毛细血管血流淤滞或看不清者明显增多占70％（与对照组比P＜0．05）。金多靶减肥治疗有效的同时,毛细血管襻无变化,但血流明显改善。上臂内侧及腹部脂肪组织积分明显降低（P＜0．05）,腹部皮肤皱折明显增加（P＜0．05）。结论 接触式显微电视系统可作为衡量肥胖程度及减肥疗效的观察工具。经活体观察证实金多靶减肥有效,减肥同时有改善皮肤毛细血管血流的作用。     

手鱼际、小鱼际皮肤及浅、深筋膜微血管铸型的扫描电镜观察

本文用2侧成人新鲜尸体上肢,经肱动脉灌注ABS丁酮溶液,制成铸型样品,喷镀金膜。在扫描电镜下,观察了手鱼际和小鱼际皮肤及浅、深筋膜微细血管的立体构筑。微血管网可分为5层:(1)乳头层网:可见排列整齐的皮纹血管及乳头毛细血管;(2)乳头下层网:血管网眼大、小不均,呈多角形;(3)真皮深层血管网:在纵横交错的微血管网中,有散在或聚集成团的毛细血管球;(4)浅筋膜层网:在粗大的血管干周围,形成小叶状血管网;(5)深筋膜层网;可见并行排列的干线血管。左右侧之间、鱼际和小鱼际之间,微血管网的形态无明显差民。     

扫描电镜下足底皮肤及浅、深筋膜血管构筑

本文在扫描电镜下观察足底部皮肤及浅、深筋膜内血管网,它们是由从深筋膜走向皮肤表面的皮动脉的5级分支形成。这些血管网在形态上可分5层。1.乳头层网:从乳头下层网发出,有5种类型。(1) 单襻型:呈“发卡”样或螺旋样;(2) 多襻型:为一血管簇,襻间有交通支;(3)塔型:血管襻底大尖小,形似塔状;(4) 指状突起型:系一个血管干上连续发出的几个襻,这些襻或者互相分离,或者互相并拢;(5) 不规则型。2.乳头下层网:呈不规则的多角形,其走行方向与皮肤表面平行,口径较乳头层网粗。3.真皮深层网:在纵横交叉的血管干间,散在着许多血管球。4.浅筋膜层网:以脂肪小叶为界限形成网。5.深筋膜层网:其血管干较粗大,干间互相吻合形成较大网眼;而由血管干上发出的侧支血管,彼此也互相吻合,形成细而密的小网眼。     

烧伤创面延迟愈合与皮肤微循环障碍的相关性研究

目的通过研究烧伤创面延迟愈合与外周皮肤微循环障碍的相关性 ,探讨外周皮肤微循环障碍对烧伤创面愈合的影响。方法用WX -6型微循环显微镜及图像处理系统 ,观测50例烧伤创面延迟愈合病人 (简称延迟组 )和50例烧伤创面正常愈合病人 (简称正常组 )之足甲襞微循环。创面延迟愈合组烧伤面积为(8.46±6.30) % ,年龄为20～67岁 ,平均(40.32±19.78)岁 ;创面正常愈合组烧伤面积为(9.43±6.17) % ,年龄为19～60岁 ,平均(39.83±17.46)岁。观察指标包括微血管形态、微血流动态、微血管周围状态共十六项指标。结果延迟组与正常组比较 ,前者清晰度低 ,管襻数少 ,输入、输出枝长度缩短 ,输入枝、输出枝和襻顶直径小 ,管襻畸形率高 ,血流速度减慢 ,红细胞聚集性增高 ,襻周渗出明显 ,乳头平坦者多见。结论烧伤创面延迟愈合与外周微循环紊乱有显著相关性     

慢性精神分裂症患者甲襞微循环临床改变的研究

目的观察慢性精神分裂症甲襞微循环改变,对精神分裂症有临床意义的甲襞微循环异常指标,精神分裂症与甲襞微循环的关系。方法应用ＷＸ—９Ｃ型台式多部位微循环显微仪及计算机图像处理系统,按照田牛教授１９８４年提出的甲襞微循环规范化综合定量评价方法,对慢性精神分裂症（６４例）与正常人对照组（２３例）进行观测。结果乳头下静脉丛具有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）,乳头形态改变具有高度显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。形态积分、流态积分、管周积分、总积分,均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。管襻数、输入枝管径、输出校管径、交叉管襻数、畸形管襻数、流速、血管运动性、红细胞聚集、白细胞数、白微栓、渗出、出血、汗腺导管、襻长、襻宽均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论慢性精神分裂症存在甲襞微循环障碍,形态方面呈现襻长较正常人短,襻顶较正常人宽,提示为慢性病的改变。乳头下静脉丛的出现是微循环障碍的代偿结果。表明在乳头下静脉丛出现之前有严重的微循环障碍,它的出现使严重的微循环障碍得到改善。乳头形态改变在慢性精神分裂症十分显著。为确定其临床意义,需增加一些观测指标,如：襻顶与乳头间距,襻顶宽度与乳头形态改变的关系等,动态地综合地进行分析。     

星状神经节阻滞治疗植物神经功能紊乱的甲襞微循环改变

目的观察星状神经节阻滞 (stellateganglionicblock,SGB)治疗植物神经功能紊乱前后甲襞微循环的变化情况。方法按照CCMD诊断标准选取39例植物神经功能紊乱患者作为观察对象 ,均为女性 ,年龄(40.72±10.29)岁。用1.5 %利多卡因6ml进行SGB治疗 ,在治疗前30min和治疗后10min分别测量甲襞血管襻管径及流速的变化 ,并对甲襞微循环的血管形态、血液流态和管周状态进行评分。结果SGB治疗后 ,甲襞血管襻的输入枝管径、输出枝管径、襻顶管径及输入枝襻长均较治疗前显著增加(P<0.05) ,血液流速与治疗前比较无显著差异 (P>0.05) ,血管形态积分增加(P<0.01),血液流态积分减少(P<0.05),管周状态积分和总积分无显著改变。结论本实验结果显示植物神经功能紊乱患者治疗前的甲襞微循环总积分大于2 ,提示甲襞微循环障碍 ;SGB可以增加甲襞微循环血流量。     

瘢痕疙瘩局部皮肤微循环

目的:通过瘢痕疙瘩局部皮肤与正常皮肤微循环结构的比较,了解瘢痕疙瘩局部皮肤微循环的特征。方法:选取我院病理科2006-01—2013-12手术切除瘢痕疙瘩带皮组织32例(瘢痕疙瘩组)和正常皮肤组织18例(正常皮肤组),对比两组皮肤真皮乳头层微循环结构的真皮乳头个数、乳头层总面积、真皮乳头内层微血管密度等指标。并行低氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的免疫组织化学检查。统计学比较两组上述指标的差异。结果:与正常皮肤组相比,瘢痕疙瘩组真皮乳头个数明显减少(P0.05),乳头层面积增大(P0.05),真皮乳头内微血管密度降低(P0.05);瘢痕疙瘩局部皮肤HIF-1表达明显减弱,其下游基因VEGF表达亦明显降低(P0.05)。结论:瘢痕疙瘩形成与局部皮肤微循环改变有关,HIF-1及下游基因VEGF表达降低可能是局部皮肤微循环改变的原因之一。     

冠心病微循环改变的综合评价

综合评价冠心病病人微循环改变状况并探讨可能的机制。方法应用显微镜、激光多普勒血流仪、经皮氧分压监测仪对36例冠心病病人甲襞微循环观测、皮肤微区血流量以及组织氧分压测定。结果⑴26例冠心病病人甲襞毛细血管数减少 ,交叉、畸形管襻增多 ,输入枝变细 ,输出枝和乳头下静脉丛扩张 ,血流速度慢伴红细胞聚集(P<0.05～0.001) ;LDF值、tcPO2 值无明显改变 ;⑵10例合并心力衰竭者除甲襞微循环异常改变外 ,LDF值、tcPO2 值也有显著改变(P<0.05～0.001) ;经过综合治疗后 ,甲襞微循环好转(P<0.05～0.01) ,LDF、tcPO2 显著提高(P<0.05)。⑶LDF、tcPO2 与输入枝口径呈直线正相关 ,与管襻数无相关关系 ,说明冠心病病人LDF、tcPO2 与甲襞微循环并不完全平行 ,还受其它因素影响。结论冠心病病人外周微循环存在结构的破坏与功能异常改变 ,体循环功能障碍是影响冠心病病人皮肤血流、血氧供应主要因素     

创面延迟愈合与足甲襞微循环障碍的相关性研究

目的通过观测创面延迟愈合的热烧伤、电烧伤和化学烧伤患者之足甲襞微循环变化,探讨外周皮肤微循环障碍对烧伤创面愈合的影响。方法选择50例烧伤创面延迟愈合病人(延迟组)和50例烧伤创面正常愈合病人(对照组)。延迟组烧伤面积为(15.3±8.8)%,年龄为(58.32±9.78)岁;对照组烧伤面积为(16.2±9.3)%,年龄为(59.83±9.46)岁。用WX-9B型微循环显微镜及微循环图像处理系统观测两组病人足甲襞微循环十六项指标,对两组结果进行对比分析。结果延迟组与对照组比较,延迟组足甲襞微循环清晰度低,管襻数少,输入、输出枝长度缩短,输入枝、输出枝和襻顶直径小,管襻畸形率高,血流速度减慢,红细胞聚集性增高,襻周渗出明显,乳头平坦者多见。结论创面延迟愈合与外周微循环障碍有显著相关性。     

子宫颈糜烂的甲襞微循环改变

我们对健康检查时发现有子宫颈糜烂患者119例,在治疗前后作甲襞微循环检查,且以38例正常健康妇女作为对照。发现患者甲襞微循环变化如下:1.毛细血管袢清晰度差(模糊者占13.5%)排列紊乱占9.2%;异形管袢占39.6%;输出枝/输入枝比值偏大。2.毛细血管内微血流动态:流态呈泥沙状和颗粒状占7.6%;袢顶     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Pitfalls in TRAP assay in routine detection of malignancy in effusions

Telomerase has been found to be reactivated in a majority of cancers but is inactive in most somatic cells. Our principal goal was to determine the potential use of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay as marker for malignancy in cytological effusions. The simple selection criterion was the cytological diagnosis, and routine samples were classified into malignant (58 samples) and nonmalignant (233 samples). Of the malignant samples, 44/58 (76%) were positive by TRAP assay. Of the 14 telomerase-negative cytology-positive samples, RNA integrity was poor in 9, indicating suboptimal sample conservation for molecular analysis. In 3 of the remaining 5 samples with a negative TRAP assay, a high number of malignant cells was observed, and these cells might have been telomerase-negative. Thus, the sensitivity of TRAP assay for the presence of malignant cells was about 76%. In the cytologically nonmalignant effusions, the presence of telomerase activity was observed in 24% (55/233). Of these, 6% were highly suspicious for malignancy, 9% were doubtful, and 9% were cytologically nonmalignant effusions confirmed by a follow-up of 12 mo or more. According to these data, the specificity of the TRAP assay to detect tumor cells in effusions ranged only between 82-91%. Our results indicate that, although the TRAP assay is positive in 6-15% of putative malignant effusions, the relatively high number of TRAP false-negative and false-positive cases renders this test unsuitable for routine diagnostic purposes.