PICC与锁骨下静脉置管在肿瘤患者化疗中的应用效果比较

目的 探讨PICC与锁骨下静脉置管在肿瘤化疗患者中的应用效果,为临床护理工作提供依据。方法 将80例肿瘤化疗患者根据所选择导管类型分成PICC组和锁骨下静脉置管组各40倒,比较两组置管成功率、导管留置时问、并发症发生率。结果 两组一次穿刺置管成功率、导管留置时间比较,PICC组显著优于锁骨下静脉置管组（均P〈0．01）;两组并发症发生率比较,差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）,但锁骨下静脉置管组发生严重感染2例、血气胸1例、动脉损伤2例,PICC组无严重并发症发生。结论 PICC一次穿刺置管成功率高、留置时间长,无严重并发症发生,可作为肿瘤患者长期化疗的首选。     

PICC与锁骨下静脉置管的比较研究

目的比较经肘部外周静脉穿剌中心静脉置管(PICC)与锁骨下静脉穿剌中心静脉置管的利弊。方法将180例肿瘤患者随机分为观察组(88例)和对照组(92例)。观察组采用PICC置管,对照组采用锁骨下静脉置管,观察两组穿剌时间、穿剌成功率、穿刺异常及不良反应发生率,以及导管留置时间等。结果观察组较对照组平均操作时间短(P<0.01);总穿剌成功率高(P<0.01);不良反应发生率低(P<0.05),其中观察组静脉炎发生率为11.36%,对照组为零,两组比较,P<0.01,差异有显著性意义;两组导管留置时间比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论PICC置管用于输液优于锁骨下静脉置管,而锁骨下静脉置管用于化疗优于PICC置管。     

PICC置管在肿瘤化疗中的应用及护理

目的探讨PICC置管在肿瘤患者化疗中的优越性及护理体会。方法总结52例PICC置管化疗患者临床资料,分析PICC置管护理中可能出现的并发症及预防。结果PICC穿刺成功率为100%,留置时间为2～239天(平均63天),52例中45例未发生导管堵塞、栓塞、感染等并发症。结论PICC置管为肿瘤病人化疗用药提供了一条安全、简便的输液途径,大幅度提高了患者生活质量。     

PICC置管在乳腺癌化疗中的临床应用

目的探讨经外周置入中心静脉导管与浅静脉留置针在乳腺癌化疗中的临床效果。方法把139名乳腺癌化疗的随机分为2组,观察组50例给予PICC;对照组89例给予浅静脉留置针,比较2组并发症发生率及留置时间的长短。结果 PICC组并发症如静脉炎明显少于浅静脉留置针组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。留置时间明显长于浅静脉留置针组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 PICC并发症比较少,留置时间长,操作简单安全,无不良作用,无痛苦,值得临床推广应用。     

锁骨下静脉穿刺置管在小儿造血干细胞移植中的应用

目的评价锁骨下静脉穿刺置管在小儿造血干细胞移植中的可行性。方法对16例接受造血干细胞移植手术的患儿行锁骨下静脉穿刺置管,观察置管的成功率、时间以及并发症。结果一次穿刺置管成功率93.75%,导管放置时间20～67天,平均42.0±17.40天。一例伤口轻微感染,二例导管阻塞,溶栓后复通。结论小儿锁骨下静脉穿刺置管可为造血干细胞移植患儿建立良好的静脉通路,减轻患儿的痛苦,保证化疗计划及静脉高营养的实施,值得临床推广和应用。     

风险管理在肿瘤化疗PICC置管患者中的应用

目的:探讨风险管理在肿瘤化疗PICC置管患者中的应用效果。方法:选取实行风险管理措施78例肿瘤化疗患者为观察组和未实行风险管理措施79例肿瘤化疗患者为对照组,回顾比较两组患者PICC管使用时间,并分析各自异常拔管主要原因。结果:进行风险管理的78例观察组PICC管平均使用时间达到131天,显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组异常拔管的首要原因是静脉血栓,而对照组异常拔管的首要原因是导管滑脱移位。结论:通过风险管理在肿瘤化疗PICC患者中的应用,有效地延长了导管的使用时间,达到了减轻患者痛苦,节约治疗费用的目的。     

锁骨下静脉置管术在脑卒中患者中的应用体会

目的 探讨深静脉穿刺置管术在脑卒中患者中的应用体会。方法 脑卒中患者60例接受深静脉穿刺置管术的临床资料,观察应用效果。结果 锁骨下静脉置管术54例,成功46例,失败8例,无一例出现局部血肿、气栓、血气胸、误穿等较严重并发症。失败8例改由股静脉穿刺置管,置管成功6例,另2例采取静脉切开置管。置管时间平均23 d。发生穿刺口渗液2例,加压包扎后好转;堵管4例,予以拔除;导管细菌培养阳性者4例,抗感染后恢复。结论 锁骨下静脉置管术在脑卒中患者中使用效果良好,加强导管护理可减少置管后并发症发生。     

中心静脉导管与锁骨下静脉穿刺置管术的比较

目的:比较锁骨下静脉置管术和PI CC置管术在肿瘤治疗应用中的优缺点,从而根据临床需求选择较合适的静脉置管方法。方法:对327例肿瘤化疗病人分别采用锁骨下静脉置管术和PI CC置管术,将两种置管方法分为A、B两组,A组患者行锁骨下静脉置管术,共159例;B组行肘静脉置管术,共168例。比较两组穿刺时间、一次置管成功率、并发症及留管时间。结果:A组穿刺时间较B组短(P<0.05),一次置管成功率较B组高(P<0.05),B组并发症发生率较A组高(P<0.05),但留管时间较A组长(P<0.05)。结论:PI CC置管与锁骨下静脉置管各有优劣,需根据临床不同情况选择合适的穿刺方法。     

右锁骨下静脉置管护理及体会

目的探讨锁骨下深静脉置管的护理方法。方法对87例重症患者行锁骨下静脉置管术。结果通过加强对锁骨下深静脉置管患者的护理,从而减少常见并发症的发生。结论加强锁骨下深静脉置管患者的护理,有利于减少并发症及提高导管的留置时间。     

改良经锁骨下静脉穿刺置管术的临床应用

目的：对经锁骨下行锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的方法进行改进。方法：穿刺点在锁骨中点下方１ｃｍ，再偏外侧１ｃｍ，方向指向锁乳突肌胸民锁骨的夹角平分线上１ｃｍ处，紧贴锁骨进针行针。置管深度为１２－１５ｃｍ，结果：经锁骨下行锁骨下静脉穿刺置管各类病人共２１５８例，穿刺成功２１３８例，占９９．０７％，穿刺失败２０例，占９．９３％，失败原因包括畸形、出血倾向、导管质量、操作技术等，导管放置时间最短３天，最     

锁骨下静脉穿刺置管化疗体会

对49例肿瘤病人行锁骨下静脉穿刺置管化疗。结果48例1次穿刺成功,顺利完成化疗;1例穿刺失败。未发生静脉炎和渗漏性损伤,无局部血肿、血气胸及血管损伤等并发症,拔管后伤口愈合好,导管细菌培养阴性。     

Limiting Vein Puncture to Three Needle Passes in Subclavian Vein Catheterization by the Infraclavicular Approach

Purpose With central venous catheterization, each additional vein puncture raises the risk of complications. We assessed the rate of failure and complications using a limiting rule whereby the number of needle passes for subclavian vein catheterization was restricted to three. Methods A prospective clinical trial was conducted between September 2001 and December 2003 in a university hospital surgical department. Two hundred and thirty-two adult patients were enrolled to undergo subclavian vein catheterization under non-emergency conditions. The patients were subjected to right subclavian vein catheterization by the infraclavicular approach. Vein puncture failure was defined as such if venipuncture was not accomplished after three attempts. Any arterial puncture was judged to be a failure immediately. Results Vein puncture failure occurred in nine patients (3.9%), and included two arterial punctures (0.9%). No other complications, such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, plexus lesion, mediastinal hematoma or bleeding, or air embolism, were observed. In multivariate analyses, a close to average body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters, odds ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.97; P = 0.028) was associated with a low risk of failure. Conclusion Limiting the number of needle passes to three may therefore prevent mechanical complications. A low body mass index was predictive of vein puncture failure.     

体表定位经锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管的几个操作细节

依据体表定位经锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管由于局部解剖特殊和易出现严重的并发症而使其应用受到限制,本文根据作者多年的操作经验就穿刺置管过程中如何提高成功率和预防并发症的发生从操作细节给予介绍。     

护理干预对喉癌术后患者生存质量的影响

目的 探讨颈内静脉、锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的临床应用效果。方法 将89例行中心静脉置管术的患者随机分为锁穿组（41例）和颈穿组（48例），颈穿组行颈内静脉穿刺置管．锁穿组行锁骨下静脉穿刺王管。观察两组一次置管成功率厦并发症的发生情况。结果 两组一次置管成功率厦并发症发生率比较。差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。结论 颈内静脉穿刺应作为中心静脉置管的首选路径。     

颈内、锁骨下静脉穿刺置管术的比较

目的探讨颈内静脉、锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的临床应用效果.方法将89例行中心静脉置管术的患者随机分为锁穿组(41例)和颈穿组(48例),颈穿组行颈内静脉穿刺置管,锁穿组行锁骨下静脉穿刺置管.观察两组一次置管成功率及并发症的发生情况.结果两组一次置管成功率及并发症发生率比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论颈内静脉穿刺应作为中心静脉置管的首选路径.     

Subclavian Venous Catheterization in Children

During a 12-month period, infraclavicular subclavian catheterization, using a Seldinger technique, was attempted on 77 occasions in 54 children with a median age of 2 years (range newborn to 10 years). General anaesthesia was used in the majority of cases, and catheterization was successful in 74 cases (96%). The initial catheter tip position was satisfactory in 81% of the cases, and catheters remained in situ for a median period of 7 days (range 1-28 days). There were few complications. Providing extensive experience in subclavian venous cannulation is gained in the adult, there is in our experience no minimal age or size which should limit the use of a subclavian vein catheter.     

Pulsed Doppler Ultrasonography Guidance for Catheterization of the Subclavian Vein: A Randomized Study

Background: Catheterization of the subclavian vein may lead to severe complications. The current randomized study compared a technique of pulsed Doppler ultrasonography guidance and the standard method for subclavian vein catheterization.

Methods: Standard and Doppler ultrasonography guidance methods were performed by the same physician in 286 patients, 143 in each group. Primary end points were immediate complications (arterial puncture, pneumothorax, wrong position of catheter tip), failures, the number of subclavian vein catheterizations with immediate complication or failure, the number of skin punctures per catheterization, and the time to placement of the guide wire. The secondary end points were the determination of predicting factors of successful cannulation in each group.

Results: Both groups were similar according to morphologic parameters of the patients. A greater number of subclavian vein catheterizations were performed on the right side using Doppler guidance (105 vs. 73, P < 0.01). Doppler guidance decreased complications (5.6% vs. 16.8%, P < 0.01), largely because of a smaller number of catheters for which the tip was defined to be in incorrect position (0.7% vs. 7.7%, P < 0.01). The time to catheterization was longer with Doppler guidance (300 vs. 27 s, P < 0.001). Failures, catheterizations of the subclavian vein with immediate complications or failure, and the total number of skin punctures per catheterization were similar in both groups. Using Doppler guidance, the presence of a good Doppler signal (124 of 143) was predictive of successful catheterization (123 successful cannulations, P < 0.001).