经导管射频消融治疗右室流出道室性期前收缩

目的　评价经导管射频消融治疗单形性右室流出道室性期前收缩的有效性和安全性。方法　采用射频导管消融术对 4 2例症状严重的正常心脏单形性右室流出道室性期前收缩进行治疗 ,男 2 8例 ,女 14例 ,年龄 (42 .2±7.8)岁。将消融电极送至右室流出道区域 ,采用起搏标测和激动顺序标测 ,前者以起搏时与室性期前收缩QRS波形态完全相同为消融靶点 ,后者以室性期前收缩时最早心室激动点为消融靶点。 4 2例室性期前收缩全部起源于右室流出道 ,呈左束支阻滞图形 ,其中 36例起源于右室流出道间隔部 ,6例起源于右室流出道游离壁。以室性期前收缩在放电后 10秒内消失 ,并维持窦性心律 30～ 6 0min为即刻成功标准。结果　消融即刻成功率为 90 .5 % (38/ 4 2 ) ,其中右室流出道间隔部 94 .4 % (34/ 36 ) ,游离壁 6 6 .7% (4/ 6 )。 2 0例患者 2 4小时动态心电图记录消融前后室性期前收缩数分别为 (2 0 80 0± 10 4 0 )次 / 2 4h和 (110± 12 0 )次 / 2 4h(P <0 .0 0 1)。 1例患者消融术中出现室颤经电复律恢复窦性心律 ,其余无任何并发症。随访 4～ 16个月症状缓解率为 89.5 % (34/ 38) ,复发率为 5 .3% (2 / 38) ,均为右室流出道游离壁室性期前收缩。随访期间亦无并发症。结论　经导管射频消融可有效地治疗症状重、药     

射频导管消融治疗频发右心室室性期前收缩伴缓慢心率及随访

目的 探讨应用射频导管消融治疗频发右心室室性期前收缩伴缓慢基础心率的可行性。方法 53例症状明显、发作频繁、药物疗效不佳或不能耐受的频发右心室室性期前收缩患者，按射频导管消融治疗室性心动过速的手术流程，用起搏标测法结合激动标测消融室性期前收缩，以消融后期前收缩消失且静脉滴注异丙肾上腺素期前收缩不再出现为手术终点；以术后24h及30d复查动态心电图无同一形态室性期前收缩为成功标志；期前收缩显著减少且症状明显减轻作为显效标准。结果 50例患者成功消融室性期前收缩，术后症状消失，复查Holter未见同形室性期前收缩，随访3～31个月无复发及新的室性期前收缩出现；2例术后24h分别残余27次及132次同形室性期前收缩，但随访期间患者均无症状；失败1例。结论 对于症状明显、药物疗效不佳的频发性右心室室性期前收缩伴缓慢基础心率患者射频导管消融治疗可取得满意的疗效。     

希氏束旁旁路导管射频消融治疗

32例电生理检查确诊为希氏束旁旁路患者,其中22例显性旁路,10例隐性旁路.窦律下采用温控消融,从小功率20W短时间(5s)开始.结果32例患者除2例担心手术风险拒绝消融治疗外,余30例全部行射频消融治疗并获得成功.温度55～60℃功率20～40W,消融时间60s,重复诱发无心动过速,术后随访3～12月无复发.未发生并发症,随访至今,无1例复发.窦律下消融希氏束旁旁路安全有效.三维电解剖标测系统有助于指导其消融.     

运用动态心电图检测评价心肌缺血伴室性期前收缩起源部位的意义

目的运用动态心电图检测分析心肌缺血伴室性期前收缩患者各起源部位的发生率及临床意义。方法选取收治的300例心肌缺血伴室性期前收缩患者列为观察组,选取同期296例体检健康伴室性期前收缩人群列为对照组,两组均进行12导联同步动态心电图24h检测。对比两组研究对象左心室和右心室各起源部位期前收缩的情况;分析观察组患者不同心室起源部位期前收缩的发生率与心肌缺血的关系。结果观察组左心室前壁、心尖部及左心室总期前收缩发生率明显高于对照组,对照组右心室流出道及右心室总期前收缩发生率明显高于观察组患者,同时观察组患者左心室前壁及心尖部期前收缩发生率高于右心室前壁及心尖部,右心室流出道期前收缩发生率高于左心室流出道,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论动态心电图可以有效检测评价心肌缺血伴室性期前收缩患者期前收缩不同起源部位,其中左心室前壁及心尖部期前收缩容易合并发生心肌缺血,同时对于心肌缺血早期临床诊断治疗及预后,提供重要的临床价值依据。     

右心室流出道室性期前收缩射频消融与药物治疗的对比研究

目的 比较射频消融和药物治疗右心室流出道室性期前收缩的疗效、安全性和随访结果.方法 将102例右心室流出道室性期前收缩患者分为射频消融治疗组52例和普罗帕酮治疗组50例;普罗帕酮治疗组给予普罗帕酮200 mg,每8小时1次治疗.观察两种治疗方法的效果、安全性和随访结果.结果 射频消融组49例手术成功,有效率94.2%,随访(30.27±16.61)个月,3例复发,2例经再次消融成功,在随后的随访中无再复发,无严重并发症出现,大部分患者症状消失.普罗帕酮治疗组有效34例(68.0%),但大部分需长期药物维持治疗.射频消融治疗组的有效率高于普罗帕酮治疗组(X2=11.57,P＜0.01).结论 射频消融治疗有症状右心室流出道室性期前收缩的有效率高于药物治疗,安全性可靠,长期随访复发率低,可推荐在有症状的右心室流出道室性期前收缩中作为一线治疗.     

Valsalva窦内起源室性心律失常的射频消融

目的 评价主动脉Valsalva窦内起源室性心律失常的心电生理特征和射频消融疗效.方法 18例起源于主动脉Valsalva窦内频发室性期前收缩或室性心动过速患者,其中男6例,女12例,均伴有明显的症状,但排除器质性心脏病.采用Valsalva窦内激动标测法,在局部心内电图室波最早处放电消融,同时行冠状动脉造影以评价室性心律失常起源点与冠状动脉开口以及主动脉瓣的解剖学关系.结果 18例患者均消融成功,无严重并发症发生.和术前相比,室性心动过速消失,室性期前收缩数量明显减少,差异有统计学意义[18 474(12 399,26 812)/24 h与4(1,7)/24 h,Wilcoxon符号秩检验,P<0.05].在术后6个月的随访中,无复发病例.结论 起源于主动脉Valsalva窦内的室性心律失常有其独特的心电图表现,激动顺序标测可安全有效地指导消融治疗.     

频发右心室流出道室性期前收缩对右心室流出道结构影响的研究

目的 探讨右心室流出道(RVOT)起源频发室性期前收缩对RVOT结构的影响.方法 选取2009～2011年行射频消融治疗的频发RVOT起源室性期前收缩患者30例,分析其心电图特征、动态心电图、心脏彩色超声结果及术中精确定位,分析室性期前收缩对RVOT结构的影响.结果 射频消融术前RVOT直径为(31.76±3.33)mm,术后6个月为(30.93±2.68)mm(P＜0.01);相关性分析显示:RVOT直径与室性期前收缩负荷呈正相关(r=0.484,P＜0.05).RVOT间隔部来源室性期前收缩QRS时限为(157.69±18.33) ms,游离壁来源室性期前收缩QRS时限为(179.23±16.05)ms(P＜0.01),QRS时限与来源部位相关(r=0.566,P＜0.01).室性期前收缩QRS时限与RVOT直径无相关性(r=0.097,P＞0.05).结论 RVOT来源室性期前收缩经射频消融治疗后,RVOT直径有减小的趋势,其与室性期前收缩负荷呈正相关,与室性期前收缩形态无相关性.     

隐匿性间隔旁道的诊断及射频消融方法学探讨

目的：探讨隐匿性间隔旁道的诊断及射频消融方法的临床价值。方法：对41例心动过速时心房激动顺序呈向心性分布且无房室传导跳跃者分别进行不同刺激：（1）心动过速时希氏束不应期内分别于右室心尖部及心底部BS2刺激；（2）右室心底部和心尖部的S1S1递增刺激，比较VA差值；（3）右室起搏下静注ATP，用以上3种方法诊断为隐匿性间隔旁道后，分别于右室起搏下放电消融和在心动过速或心房起搏下放电消融。结果：28例隐匿性间隔旁道，13例不典型房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）。希氏束不应期内RS2刺激心底部对诊断隐匿性间隔旁道的临床 准确性为90．2％，刺激心尖部为82．9％，S1S1刺激心底部和心尖部的VA差值的临床准确性为78．2％，静注ATP的临床准确性为63．4％。右室起搏放电消融12例，有3例发生一过性房室传导阻滞；16例在心动过速和心房起搏下放电消融未发生房室传导阻滞。结论：隐匿性间隔旁道与不典型AVNTR的鉴别，以心动过速时希氏束不应期内RS2刺激右室心底部临床准确性最高。S1S1刺激心底部与心尖部的VA差值对进行二者的鉴别意义也较好，静注ATP可靠性差。在心动过速及心房起搏下射频消融隐匿性间隔旁道较安全，不易引起房室传导阻滞。     

急性冠脉综合征患者室性期前收缩发生部位的研究

目的 对比研究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者与健康人室性期前收缩发生部位的差异.方法 选择12导联同步动态心电图检测的186例室性期前收缩患者,其中ACS患者91例、健康体检者95 例,计算不同起源部位室性期前收缩发生率,进行对比分析.结果 ACS患者左心室前壁及心尖部期前收缩发生率、左心室期前收缩总发生率显著高于健康体检者(P＜0.05);健康体检者右心室流出道期前收缩发生率、右心室期前收缩总发生率显著高于ACS患者(P＜0.05).结论 判定室性期前收缩的临床意义要结合期前收缩发生的部位.ACS患者出现室性期前收缩,则应及时监测电生理活动,同时要采取积极有效的治疗措施预防或处理威胁生命的恶性室性心律失常.     

特发性右室流出道室性心律失常消融靶点的电生理特征

目的分析特发性右室流出道(RVOT)室性心律失常消融靶点特点,探讨其可能的机制。方法连续选取2013年1月至2014年12月行导管射频消融的RVOT起源室性心律失常(PVCs/VT)患者38例,借助三维标测系统于PVCs/VT时建立右室流出道三维构图,分析有效消融靶点的电生理特点。结果所有心律失常患者进行三维激动/电压标测显示,最早心室激动点/消融靶点均位于RVOT肺动脉瓣附近的电压移行区上(0.5~1.5 m V),即电压移行区与正常电压区的交界处;其中有4例造影及三维图像与CT融合证实于肺动脉瓣上标测消融成功,并在肺动脉瓣上可以记录到大于1.5 m V的电压电位(心肌组织)。结论电压移行区很可能是成功消融特发性RVOT室性心律失常的有效靶点区域;部分于肺动脉瓣上成功消融的室性心律失常,可能与心肌束延伸有关。     

左室流出道室性心律失常的射频消融治疗

目的 探讨起源于左室流出道少见部位的室性心动过速和/或频发室性早搏的心电图特点和射频消融治疗.方法 3例左室流出道室速和/或室早患者,术中进行激动和起搏标测,同时结合冠状动脉造影或三维电解剖标测系统(CARTO)定位.结果 3例患者中2例体表心电图特点类似右室流出道间隔部室速及室早,经腔内电生理证实起源于主动脉根部右冠窦内.1例起源于主动脉瓣-二尖瓣连接区(AMC),该部位室速及室早特有的典型心电图表现为II、III、aVF及所有胸前导联QRS波均呈R形.3例患者消融后观察2~24个月,均无复发.结论 右冠窦和AMC是左室流出道室速和/或室早的少见特殊起源部位,根据体表心电图形态,结合多种腔内标测技术及冠脉造影,能进行准确定位及成功消融.     

Idiopathic premature ventricular contractions arising from the intraventricular septum adjacent to the his bundle

A 57-year-old woman with idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) exhibiting a left bundle branch block and left inferior axis QRS morphology underwent electrophysiological testing. Mapping revealed that the earliest ventricular activation times during the PVCs recorded on either side of the interventricular septum were the same and no excellent pace maps were reproduced at these sites. Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation was achieved in the right ventricular septum adjacent to the recording site of the His bundle electrogram. These findings suggested that the origin of this PVC was located in the intraventricular septum rather than the endocardial surface.     

Elimination of Ventricular Arrhythmia in Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia by Targeting “Catecholamine‐Sensitive Area”: A Dominant‐Subordinate Relationship between Origin Sites of Bidirectional Ventricular Premature Contractions

We report on a patient diagnosed with catechoaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) who underwent catheter ablation of ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) induced by epinephrine. VPCs were classified roughly into three types. Type 1 and Type 2 VPCs (right bundle branch block [RBBB] configuration and inferior axis) were eliminated by radiofrequency applications at the left aortic sinus of Valsalva and the anterolateral papillary muscle (APM), respectively. Although no spontaneous VPCs were seen after the elimination of Type 1 and 2 VPCs, pacing resulting in capture at the APM induced Type 3 VPC (RBBB configuration and superior axis) reproducibly. The electrophysiological findings observed in our representative case have important implications both for understanding the pathophysiology of CPVT and for considering therapeutic strategies.     

频发性室性期前收缩的射频导管消融治疗

目的探讨射频导管消融治疗室性期前收缩（PVC）的疗效及安全性。方法对129例PVC[右心室流出道（RVOT）107例,右心室流人道游离壁近瓣环处4例、前壁间隔部近瓣环处1例,左心室前上间隔3例、左心室流出道（LVOT）左冠窦内5例、左冠窦下1例,左心室下后间隔5例,左心室前侧壁、左心室前侧壁近瓣环处、右心室心尖部各1例]分别采用起搏标测或起搏与激动顺序标测结合的方法进行消融。结果消融即刻成功122例、失败7例。手术操作时间12—171min,X线曝光时间2—48min。术后随访3个月～4年,4例复发。结论射频导管消融治疗PVC是一种安全、有效的方法,其适应证可适当放宽。     

Catheter Ablation of Premature Ventricular Contractions Arising from the Mitral Annulus after Mitral Valvoplasty

A 57-year-old man undergoing mitral valvoplasty underwent catheter ablation of symptomatic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) with a right bundle branch block and right inferior axis QRS morphology. Left ventriculography revealed a normal left ventricular function and visualized the anatomical relationships between the left ventricular outflow tract and the mitral annuloplasty ring. Electroanatomic mapping during the PVCs revealed a centrifugal activation pattern arising from the mitral annulus, and the PVCs were likely to be idiopathic. Successful radiofrequency ablation was achieved at the site close to the antero-paraseptal end of the mitral annuloplasty ring, which was located adjacent to the fibrous trigone.     

Radiofrequency ablation of cardiac arrhythmias using a three-dimensional real-time position management and mapping system

A recently developed three-dimensional real-time position management system (RPM) uses an ultrasound ranging technique that enables multiple distance measurements between two reference catheters and a mapping catheter each equipped with ultrasound transducers. In addition to three-dimensional representation of the catheters and ablation sites it displays real-time movements of catheters (including the tip and shaft). A recently released version of the system enables additional geometry reconstruction of the heart chamber and activation mapping. This study included 21 patients (mean age 59 +/- 14.5 years) referred for radiofrequency catheter ablation of various arrhythmias. Geometry was reconstructed by tracing the endocardial contour of the respective heart chambers. Global and local color coded activation maps were constructed to confirm the nature of arrhythmia and to guide ablation. Spontaneous or induced arrhythmias were typical atrial flutter (n = 8), atypical atrial flutter (n = 3), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (n = 3), atrial tachycardia (n = 2), atrial fibrillation (n = 2), ventricular tachycardia (n = 2), and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (n = 1). Geometry reconstruction and mapping of arrhythmias were possible in 20 of 21 patients. RPM-guided radiofrequency ablation was successful in 19 (95%) of 20 patients. Due to difficulties in steering the RPM mapping/ablation catheter, in 6 (28%) successfully mapped patients, radiofrequency ablation was performed using another catheter. In one patient, the RPM-guided map was inconclusive and in another patient, ablation failed due to multiple reentrant circuits. No complications were observed. In conclusion, the new RPM system enables geometry reconstruction and three-dimensional positioning of the ablation catheters, reconstruction of the activation maps, marking of anatomic structures and reproducible tracking of multiple ablation sites. The system could be used to guide radiofrequency ablation of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.     

Right Ventricular Radiofrequency Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia After Myocardial Infarction

Radiofrequency transcatheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in the setting of a prior myocardial infarction is typically performed with application of energy to the left ventricular endocardium. In this article, two cases are described in which successful radiofrequency transcatheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia occurred with energy delivery to the right ventricular septum after failed ablation attempts from the left ventricle. Both patients had tachycardias with a left bundle branch block morphology and markedly presystolic activity recorded from the right ventricular septum. Right ventricular septal activation mapping during ventricular tachycardia should be performed in patients with left bundle branch block tachycardia morphology and coronary artery disease to maximize efficacy of the catheter ablation procedure.     

射频消融对右室流出道室性早搏的疗效及心肌损伤标记物和自主神经的影响

目的:观察射频消融治疗右室流出道室性早搏的有效性和安全性。方法:对36例症状明显的右室流出道单形性室性早搏患者进行射频消融治疗,观察即刻及术后2月的疗效;测定射频消融术前以及术后检测高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)观察心肌损伤。另设健康体检者30例作为正常对照组。结果:射频消融能有效治疗右室流出道室性早搏,消融即刻成功率为100%,远期成功率为94.4%。hs-CRP、CK-MB和cTnI射频消融术后1d较术前明显升高,7d后恢复正常。结论:射频消融术治疗右室流出道室性早搏安全有效。     

P电位标测法导管射频消融治疗特发性室性心动过速

目的 观察P电位标测法在导管射频消融治疗左心室特发性室性心动过速（ILVT）中的作用及意义。方法 对23例ILVT病人采用常规电生理检查诱发室性心动过速,应用2-8-2mm间距冠状静脉窦10极标测电极在左心室间隔面标测希氏束电位（HP）、左束支电位（LBP）、左后分支电位（LPP）和蒲氏纤维电位（PP）,寻找室性心动过速时最早的PP为消融靶点进行射频消融,观察射频消融术中一次放电成功率、总成功率、术后室性心动过速复发率以及手术时间和X线曝光时间。结果 23例中有21例能记录到各电位心内电图,折返路径记录成功率为91．3％（21／23）;一次放电消融成功率78．3％（18／23）,总成功率100％（23／23）。术后随访1～3年,只有1例再发室性心动过速,复发率为4．3％,远期成功率为95．7％（22／23）。射频消融手术时间（95±20）min,X线曝光时间（16±5）min。结论 P电位标测法使ILVT的导管射频消融治疗中靶点的标定更简单易行,缩短了总手术时间和X线曝光时间,并提高了射频消融的成功率,减少复发。