虹膜荧光素血管造影在虹膜新生血管诊断中的应用

目的 探讨虹膜荧光素血管造影(IFA)在缺血性视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)虹膜新生血管(NVI)诊断中的价值.方法 经荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查确诊的CRVO患者51例51只眼纳入研究.所有患者均行视力、裂隙灯显微镜检查、眼前节彩色照相、眼压及FFA+IFA检查.根据FFA检查结果分为非缺血性和缺血性CRVO,分别为20、31只眼.非缺血性CRVO20只眼中,男性11只眼,女性9只眼;年龄41～59岁.缺血性CRVO31只眼中,男性21只眼,女性10只眼;年龄28～62岁.采用德国海德堡眼底荧光血管造影仪进行FFA+IFA检查,将典型图像存入计算机图像处理系统进行分析.对比观察裂隙灯显微镜和IFA NVI的检出率.缺血性CRVO31只眼均行全视网膜激光光凝(PRP)治疗,其中,完成治疗27只眼,未坚持完成治疗4只眼.完成治疗后6个月,随访观察NVI消退情况.结果 非缺血性CRVO20只眼裂隙灯显微镜检查瞳孔缘及虹膜未见新生血管,占100.0%;IFA检查虹膜未见显影,呈色素遮蔽荧光,占100.0%.缺血性CRVO31只眼中,裂隙灯显微镜检查显示瞳孔缘及虹膜有细小新生血管13只眼,占41.9%;IFA检查显示NVI 23只眼,占74.2%.2种检查方法NVI检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.425,P=0.001).IFA检查NVI分别表现为小团状、细线状或不规则交叉网状强荧光染色及渗漏.完成PRP治疗的27只眼IFA检查结果显示,瞳孔缘及虹膜表面未见荧光染色及渗漏;未坚持完成PRP治疗4只眼,1～2个月后出现新生血管性青光眼(NVG).结论 IFA可以提示眼前节的缺血状态,具有较高的特异性,辅助CRVO缺血型早期诊断,预测是否发展NVG.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the application value of iris fluorescein angiography (IFA) in the diagnosis of ischemic center retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods Fifty-one patients (51 eyes) with CRVO which had been diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were studied. All patients underwent the examination of visual acuity, slit lamp biomicroscope, anterior segment color photography,intraocular pressure, FFA and IFA. The patients were classified as non-ischemic CRVO (20 eyes) and ischemic CRVO (31 eyes). The 20 non-ischemic CRVO patients included 11 males and nine females, aged from 41 to 59 years. The 31 ischemic CRVO patients included 21 males and 10 females, aged from 28 to 62 years. FFA and IFA were performed for all the patients using Heidelberg retina angiograph, and the classic pictures were analyzed by the computer image processing system. The detection rate of iris neovascularization (NVI) by slit lamp biomicroscope and IFA was analyzed. All ischemic CRVO eyes underwent panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), and PRP was completed in 27 eyes and not completed in four eyes. Six months after PRP the regression of iris NVI was followed up. Results All non-ischemic CRVO eyes (100. 0% ) had no neovascularization on papillary margin and iris by slit lamp biomicroscopy, and had no fluorescence (pigment blocked fluorescence) on IFA. Thirteen eyes (41.9%) and 23 eyes (74.2%) of the 31 ischemic eyes had NVI by slit lamp biomicroscope and IFA, respectively. The NVI detection rate of those two methods was statistically different (Z= - 3. 425, P = 0. 001 ). NVI showed strong fluorescence and leakage with variable patterns (small blocks, thin lines and irregular cross-links) by IFA. There was no fluorescence staining and leakage on papillary margin and iris in 27 eyes who completed the PRP, but the neovascular glaucoma (NVG) occurred in one eyes who discontinued the PRP treatment after one to two months. Conclusions IFA has a high specificity in CRVO which hints the ischemic state of anterior segment. It is helpful to the early diagnosis of ischemic CRVO and the turnover of NVG.     

A grading system for iris neovascularization. Prognostic implications for treatment

A retrospective study of 34 eyes of 30 patients who had neovascularization of the anterior segment and who received panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and/or panretinal cryotherapy was performed. The eyes were all classified preoperatively and postoperatively as to the grade of neovascularization of the iris and the anterior chamber angle according to the system devised by Weiss and Gold. The grading system of Weiss and Gold was useful in predicting the response to treatment of iris neovascularization. Almost all eyes in angle grades 0 through 2 did well. Eyes with angle grade 3 had an intermediate response. Eyes in angle grade 4 almost uniformly did poorly. Eyes with iris neovascularization secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal branch vein occlusion (HBVO) had a more rapidly progressive disease than that of eyes with rubeosis secondary to diabetes alone. The patients with the most advanced rubeosis initially, however, were those diabetics with ischemic-type CRVO.     

Neovascular glaucoma following central retinal vein obstruction

The results of a prospective clinical and fluorescein angiographic study of 155 patients with central retinal vein obstruction (CRVO) were analyzed to identify risk factors contributing to the subsequent development of iris neovascularization (NVI) and neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Of 144 untreated eyes, 20% developed NVG. The eyes were classified as having either an ischemic or a hyperpermeable type of CRVO according to the extent of retinal capillary nonperfusion demonstrated by the initial fluorescein angiogram. The risk of developing NVG was found to be approximately 60% in those eyes with extensive retinal ischemia. None of the 22 eyes with an ischemic CRVO treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) prior to the onset of NVI developed NVG.     

抗血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体Bevacizumab治疗虹膜新生血管临床观察

目的 观察玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子单克隆抗体Bevacizumab治疗增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）和视网膜中央静脉阻塞（CRVO）导致的虹膜新生血管（INV）的疗效 。 方法 回顾性分析2006年3月至2007年12月在北京大学人民医院眼科接受Bevacizumab玻璃 体腔注射的39例INV患者47只眼的临床资料。其中，男性22例，女性17例，年龄28～82岁， 平均年龄（57.77±13.0）岁，左眼23眼，右眼24只。PDR组26例34只眼；CRVO组13例13只眼。新生血管性青光眼（NVG） 29只眼，其中，PDR组有 20只眼，CRVO组有 9只眼。所有患眼玻璃体腔注射Bevacizumab 1.25 mg/0.05 ml。注药后1、3、7 d，3、6周随访 ，观察注射前后视力、眼压变化以及INV消退情况。 结果 PDR患眼中，视力提高者19只眼 ，占PDR患者的55.9%；不变者15只眼，占PDR患者的44.1%；无视力下降者。CRVO患眼中 ，视力提高者4只眼，占CRVO患者的30.8%；不变者9只眼，占CRVO患者的69.2%；无视力下降者。PDR的NVG患者中，16只眼眼压下降，占PDR患者的80.0％；CRVO的NVG患者中，6只眼眼压下降，占CRVO患者的66.7％。PDR患者中INV消退总有效率97.1%；CRVO患者INV消退总有效率84.6%。 结论 Bevacizumab对于INV的治疗有满意的临床疗效， 对其远期疗效、安全性和并发症还有待进一步观察。 （中华眼底病杂志，2008，24：176-179）     

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome in eyes with ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. A histopathologic and electron microscopic study

PURPOSE: To determine histopathologically the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) material in eyes enucleated secondary to ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and to evaluate eyes with PEX material in the anterior segment and CRVO ultrastructurally for PEX deposits in the vicinity of central retinal vessels. These deposits could explain an association of CRVO and PEX. METHODS: All surgically enucleated eyes with secondary angle closure glaucoma due to rubeotic iris secondary to ischemic CRVO (1981-1998) available were re-analyzed light microscopically for the presence of PEX in the anterior segment (n=120; 76.9+/-8.5 years [range: 51-91]). Eyes with PEX in the anterior segment and available optic nerve cross sections were examined by electron microscopy for PEX material in the retrolaminar (n=7) and intralaminar central retinal vessels (n=3). All eyes surgically enucleated because of malignant melanoma of the choroid aged 70 years and older (1981-1998) with sections available served as age-matched controls (n=107; 76.4+/-5 years [range: 70-91]). RESULTS: PEX material was present light microscopically in the anterior segment in 12 of 120 eyes with CRVO (10%) compared to 2 of 107 age-matched eyes with choroidal malignant melanoma (1.9%; p<0.05). Electron microscopically, neither structural alterations of the vessel wall nor PEX deposits were found in association with central retinal vessels both in the intra- and retrolaminar areas in any of the 7 eyes with PEX in the anterior segment and CRVO analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathologically, PEX is significantly more common in eyes enucleated secondary to CRVO compared to eyes enucleated because of an intraocular tumor. This most likely is due to the secondary open angle glaucoma in eyes with PEX as a known risk factor for CRVO. According to the small number of optic nerves analyzed here, there seems to be no morphologically evident PEX vasculopathy in the central retinal vessels both within and immediately behind the lamina cribrosa in eyes with PEX in the anterior segment and CRVO potentially causing retinal venous thrombosis.     

虹膜荧光素血管造影对具有棕色虹膜的中国人前葡萄膜炎的诊断价值

背景 前葡萄膜炎的炎症性损伤与血-房水屏障的破坏有关,裂隙灯下对其病情的检查有一定的限制,而荧光素血管造影能客观显示病情的变化.但目前国内对虹膜荧光素血管造影(IFA)的应用研究较少.目的 观察中国人棕色虹膜葡萄膜炎患者IFA图像,探讨IFA在葡萄膜炎诊断和治疗中的临床应用价值.方法 对正常中国人40人40眼和前葡萄膜炎、全葡萄膜炎累及眼前段的患者13例21眼进行裂隙灯、虹膜彩色照相和IFA检查,探讨前葡萄膜炎患眼IFA表现并与正常人进行对照.结果 正常对照眼IFA不显影,呈色素遮蔽荧光,＞60岁正常老年人4例4眼瞳孔缘可见轻微荧光素渗漏.本组葡萄膜炎患眼IFA均有异常荧光素渗漏,按照前葡萄膜炎的严重程度表现为:(1)瞳孔缘和基质层放射状虹膜血管荧光素渗漏.(2)虹膜弥漫性或局限性萎缩,表现为放射状血管透见荧光.(3)虹膜新生血管(NVI),表现为细线状或花团状强荧光,随造影时间延长,有不同程度的荧光素渗漏.结论 IFA可显示裂隙灯检查不能够显示的虹膜炎症性损害病灶并间接反映血-房水屏障和虹膜血管的损害,IFA表现取决于炎症类型、部位以及炎症活动性的严重程度,有助于判断前葡萄膜炎的病情和监测治疗过程.     

Neovascularization of the iris in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

To identify conditions associated with neovascularization of the iris in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, we examined 36 eyes with this disorder seen at our hospital between 1979 and 1990. Clinical courses of disease were divided into the following three groups: (1) neovascularization of the iris without a history of a vitreoretinal operation (four eyes), (2) neovascularization of the iris after an unsuccessful vitreoretinal operation (26 eyes), and (3) neovascularization of the iris after surgical complications (six eyes). In all eyes of Groups 1 and 2, retinal detachment persisted at the onset of iris neovascularization; however, in six eyes, iris neovascularization subsided after retinal reattachment. Characteristic features of Groups 2 and 3 were patient age of 50 years or more, severe myopia, a history of increased intraocular pressure, a history of choroidal detachment, and a large scleral buckle.     

Effects of aging on fluorescein iris and angle photography in normal subjects]

In the present study we took the fluorescein iris and angle photography of normal eyes and studied them according to different age groups. The range of age in 108 eyes of 92 subjects was from 20 to 93 years. They were free from any systemic diseases or ophthalmic diseases which would cause iris rubeosis. Fluorography was carried out using a Mizuno Trabeculens to determine the leakage points of fluorescence from the iris and the angle. In the angle there were gonio vessels which revealed no leakage of fluorescein. They were observed in 8 of 30 eyes (27%) for subjects in the fifth decade of life or less and in 24 of 78 eyes (31%) for subjects aged 50-90. No significant difference was seen between the two age groups. As to variations of gonio vessels, radial ciliary body vessel was found in 23 eyes, radial iris vessel or trabecular vessel in 10 eyes, and circular ciliary band vessel in 7 eyes. In the pupillary margin no leakage was seen in 30 eyes of 30 cases in the fifth decade of life or less, while leakage was found in 33 of 78 eyes, 42 of 62 cases over the fifth decade of life. In the angle leakage was seen in 4 of 30 eyes, 13 of 30 cases in the fifth decade of life or less, while leakage was observed in 43 of 78 eyes over the fifth decade of life. These results suggested that leakage of fluorescence from the pupillary margin, the angle or both increases with age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Central retinal vein occlusion and iris neovascularization hemorrhage

Although there have been few direct observations, the etiology of spontaneous hyphema in patients with retinal or ocular hypoxia is assumed to be hemorrhage from a neovascular iris vessel. This paper reports observed hemorrhage from such a rubeotic iris in a patient with central retinal vein occlusion, diabetes, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease and chronic open-angle glaucoma. Bleeding was spontaneous with dilation, but stopped within 24 hours without treatment, leaving only traces of inferior angle blood staining. The two types of central retinal vein occlusion, and suggestions for their management, are also discussed.     

A prospective follow-up study of panretinal photocoagulation in preventing neovascular glaucoma following ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion

Fifteen consecutive eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and extensive capillary non-perfusion were treated by panretinal photocoagulation using argon laser. Of these eyes six had chronic glaucoma and one had acute angle-closure glaucoma when first seen. One developed neovascular glaucoma before treatment. After photocoagulation iris new vessels appeared in two eyes with preexisting glaucoma. In one case the new vessels later regressed without further treatment. The prevalence of neovascular glaucoma was considerably less than has been reported in untreated eyes with ischaemic-type CRVO. Poor dilatation of the pupil due to pre-existing glaucoma, cataract and/or massive retinal oedema put a limit on the extent of treatment.     

Prosthetic iris implantation for congenital, traumatic, or functional iris deficiencies.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy and safety of surgical implantation of prosthetic iris devices in patients with anatomic or functional iris deficiencies. SETTING: Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. METHODS: Twenty-five patients were enrolled in an interventional prospective noncomparative case series. Twenty-eight eyes had prosthetic iris diaphragm implantation for traumatic iris defects, congenital aniridia or iris coloboma, herpetic iris atrophy, surgical iris loss, or ocular albinism. Prosthetic iris implantation was performed with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in 20 eyes, secondary IOL implantation in 6 eyes, and IOL exchange in 1 eye. A single pseudophakic eye with disabling glare secondary to traumatic aniridia had secondary prosthetic iris implantation alone. The surgical ease of insertion, intraoperative and postoperative complications, postoperative anatomic results, visual acuity, and subjective glare reduction were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients were followed postoperatively for a mean of 10.2 months (range 1.4 to 25.7 months). All eyes achieved the desired anatomic result. Visual acuity was improved in 22 of 28 eyes (79%), unchanged in 5 eyes, and worsened by a single line in 1 eye. Patients were surveyed postoperatively to determine the change in glare disability. The severity of glare disability was subjectively improved in 23 of 24 patients (96%) who responded to the survey. Intraoperative complications included 3 fractured implants as well as an incomplete or torn capsulorhexis in 3 eyes. Postoperative complications included transient hypotony in 2 eyes, mild persistent inflammation in 1 eye, and macular edema followed by a retinal detachment in 1 eye with recent severe trauma. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of prosthetic iris devices improved postoperative outcomes by reducing glare disability and, in selected cases, by correcting aphakia. Although operating on traumatized, congenitally aniridic, or uveitic eyes presents special challenges, implantation of prosthetic iris devices appears to be a safe and effective method for reducing the ubiquitous glare in patients with iris deficiency.     

缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞全视网膜光凝的疗效观察

目的探讨全视网膜光凝治疗缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2005年4月我院收治的缺血型视网膜中央静脉阻塞共68例68眼,其中行532 nm激光全视网膜光凝治疗40眼(激光组),28眼末行532 nm激光全视网膜光凝(对照组),观察对比两组初、末诊视力,新生血管及新生血管性青光眼等并发症情况。随访时间均在8个月以上,平均随访11±2.3个月。结果两组末次随访视力、虹膜新生血管及新生血管性青光眼等并发症发生率有所不同,但比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论缺血性CRVO严重损害患者视力,需要积极治疗,全视网膜光凝对于对于预防虹膜新生血管及新生血管性青光眼的疗效不确切。     

显微内窥镜下超全视网膜光凝治疗虹膜新生血管探讨

目的 探讨眼显微内窥镜在玻璃体切除术后虹膜新生血管超全视网膜光凝中的作用.方法 回顾16例16只眼玻璃体切除术后虹膜新生血管在内窥镜下行超全视网膜光凝的临床资料.选择玻璃体切除术后,术中行部分视网膜光凝.病因为糖尿病视网膜病变8只眼、视网膜中央静脉阻塞6只眼、视网膜血管炎2只眼;10眼人工晶体眼、6只眼无晶体眼,瞳孔难以散大;2只眼眼压高,14只眼正常;虹膜新生血管Ⅰ期14只眼、Ⅱ期2只眼.三腔内窥镜进入眼内进行视网膜超全光凝.对比观察虹膜新生血管消退情况、眼压、视力变化及并发症出现,随访3月至3年.结果 15眼1次超全视网膜光凝术后3个月虹膜新生血管消退,1眼继发新生血管性青光眼,眼压术后恢复正常,视力治疗前后无明显变化,未见虹膜损伤、视网膜脱离、眼内炎等手术并发症.结论 超全视网膜光凝是治疗虹膜新生血管的有效手段.玻璃体切除术后人工晶体或无晶体眼瞳孔难以散大情况下,显微内窥镜下的眼内视网膜光凝是可靠选择,可作为眼外视网膜光凝的有力补充.     

虹膜荧光素血管造影在新生血管性青光眼随访中的应用

目的　观察虹膜荧光素血管造影（iris fluorescein angiography，IFA）在新生血管性青光眼（neovascular glaucoma，NVG）随访中的作用。方法　收集2015年2月至2017年2月在北京大学第三医院随访过程中发现眼压再次升高的NVG患者17例（17眼），其中男10例（10眼），女7例（7眼），年龄（52.2±14.2）岁。视网膜中央静脉阻塞7眼，糖尿病视网膜病变7眼，视网膜分支静脉阻塞2眼，视网膜中央静脉合并动脉阻塞1眼。记录患者的最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜检查等资料。行IFA评估患者虹膜新生血管复发的情况，包括新生血管范围、荧光素渗漏程度，并与裂隙灯显微镜检查结果进行对比。结果　本研究发现，通过IFA观察到17例（17眼）患者均存在虹膜新生血管，其阳性率为100.0%；依据荧光素渗漏的情况对患者的病变进行分级，其中轻度12例12眼，中度4例4眼，重度1例1眼。裂隙灯显微镜检查结果显示12例（12眼）患者存在明显的虹膜新生血管，5例（5眼）患者未观察到明显的新生血管，其阳性率为70.6%。两种检查方法的阳性率比较差异具有统计学意义（P=0.022）。IFA所显示的新生血管范围大于裂隙灯下观察的结果。结论　IFA有助于NVG患者新生血管复发的早期诊断，在NVG随访中有十分重要的作用。     

The capillary blood flow in ischaemic type central retinal vein occlusion: the effect of laser photocoagulation

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of photocoagulation on retinal blood flow (RBF) in eyes with ischaemic type central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retinal blood flow was measured in 12 eyes with CRVO, 12 fellow eyes and 12 eyes of 12 age-matched healthy subjects using the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter (HRF). Microvascular blood flow values (volume, flow, velocity) were recorded from the upper temporal retina and macula. Eyes were re-examined 1 month after photocoagulation. We investigated whether there was a difference in RBF measurements before and after photocoagulation treatment. RESULTS: In eyes with CRVO, mean RBF values (volume, flow and velocity) obtained from the upper temporal retina increased significantly after treatment (paired t-test, p < 0.05). In contrast, mean RBF values from the macula were unaffected by photocoagulation (paired t-test, p > 0.05). Retinal blood flow values from the upper temporal retina obtained from control subjects were significantly higher than the values in eyes with CRVO before and after photocoagulation (unpaired t-test, p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between control subjects and CRVO patients in RBF values from the macula (unpaired t-test, p > 0.05). Mean RBF values were significantly higher in CRVO patients' fellow-eyes before photocoagulation in the eyes with CRVO (paired t-test, p < 0.05) but were lower than in age-matched healthy control eyes (unpaired t-test, p < 0.05). Macular blood flow did not differ between the eyes with CRVO and fellow eyes (paired t-test, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Laser photocoagulation increased retinal blood flow in eyes with CRVO, but RBF did not reach normal values. Photocoagulation was found to have no effect on RBF in the macular area.     

Argon laser panretinal photocoagulation in ischemic central retinal vein occlusion

We conducted a prospective, planned study of argon laser panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) over a 10-year period in 123 eyes. On comparing the lasered eyes versus the nonlasered eyes, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of development of angle neovascularization (NV), neovascular glaucoma (NVG), retinal and/or optic disc NV, or vitreous hemorrhage, or in visual acuity. Our study, however, did show a statistically significant (P= 0.04) difference in the incidence of iris NV between the two groups, with iris NV less prevalent in the laser group than in the nonlaser group, butonly when the PRP was performed within 90 days after the onset of CRVO. The other parameter which showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups was the peripheral visual fields — the laser group suffered a significantly (P0.03) greater loss than the non-laser group. We discuss the implications of these findings in light of the natural history of ischemic CRVO and of ocular NV. Since the original rationale for advocating PRP in ischemic CRVO was the proven beneficial effect of PRP on ocular NV in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, we also discuss the disparities in the disease process between ischemic CRVO and proliferative diabetic retinopathy and in their responses to PRP.This investigation was supported by grant EY-1151 from the National Institutes of Health, and in part by unrestricted grants from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., and from the Alcon Research Institute     

Ocular neovascularization with retinal vascular occlusion-III. Incidence of ocular neovascularization with retinal vein occlusion

A prospective natural history study was conducted in 721 eyes with various types of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) to determine the incidence of various types of ocular neovascularization (NV) and the factors that influence the development of ocular NV. The material was 360 eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), 97 eyes with hemi-CRVO, and 264 eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO); these cases were further subdivided into six groups for logical data analysis: nonischemic CRVO (venous stasis retinopathy-VSR, 282 eyes), ischemic CRVO (hemorrhagic retinopathy-HR, 78 eyes), hemi-VSR (66 eyes), hemi-HR (31 eyes), major BRVO (191 eyes) and macular BRVO (73 eyes). Ocular NV attributable to RVO was seen only in HR, hemi-HR, and major BRVO. In HR the anterior segment was the major site of NV, with iris and angle NV and neovascular glaucoma (NVG), while in hemi-HR and major BRVO the retina and optic disc were the major sites of NV. The principal factor influencing the development of ocular NV in RVO seems to be the severity and extent of retinal ischemia, while duration of follow-up since onset also plays an important role in determining the incidence of ocular NV. The findings and subject of ocular NV in RVO are discussed in detail along with a review of the pertinent literature.     

荧光素虹膜血管造影联合眼底血管造影在DR合并新生血管性青光眼中的应用

背景 新生血管性青光眼(NVG)是由视网膜缺血缺氧继发的眼病.荧光素虹膜血管造影(IFA)可早期诊断NVG,但其不能全面反映眼底血管情况.IFA联合荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)可全面检测视网膜及虹膜新生血管情况,但目前国内关于糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)合并NVG患者中此方法的应用研究较少. 目的 探讨IFA联合FFA检查在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)患者合并新生血管性青光眼的临床应用.方法 采用回顾性研究方法.纳入2013年2月至2016年1月在河南省立眼科医院接受IFA和FFA联合检查的PDR患者79例133眼,其中无虹膜病变100眼,I期青光眼红变期21眼,Ⅱ期开角型NVG 12眼.所有患眼均行视力、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、IFA联合FFA检查.采用McNemar非参数检验法对比分析裂隙灯显微镜和IFA检查在I期青光眼红变期患眼检出率的差异. 结果 IFA检查显示100眼无虹膜病变患者无异常虹膜荧光素渗漏,FFA检查显示接受全视网膜激光光凝术(PRP)治疗的32眼未发现视网膜新生血管,68患眼存在视网膜新生血管;早期IFA检查显示,21眼I期青光眼红变期患者瞳孔缘或虹膜表面新生血管荧光素渗漏,FFA检查显示均存在视网膜新生血管;早期IFA检查显示12眼NVG患者虹膜表面新生血管荧光素渗漏,FFA检查显示均存在视网膜新生血管.I期青光眼红变期患眼中IFA检查的检出率为100％(21/21),明显高于裂隙灯显微镜检查的71.43％(15/21),2种检测方法检出率的比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.03). 结论 IFA联合FFA检查可以及早发现PDR合并青光眼红变期,有助于及时指导治疗.     

带虹膜隔张力环植入治疗虹膜缺损

目的探讨带虹膜隔张力环植入手术治疗虹膜缺损的手术技巧、术中术后并发症。方法虹膜缺损24例（24眼）均行带虹膜张力环植入手术，分析手术操作方法、术中术后并发症及手术效果。结果根据虹膜缺损的范围和程度选择合适型号的带虹膜隔张力环。术中选择适当位置行透明角膜切口及辅助切口，前囊撕囊口应稍偏大并保证较好的连续性，防止植入过程中囊口的撕裂。部分型虹膜缺损者植入Morcher Type 96G，完全型虹膜缺损者植入2枚Morcher Type 50C。结论囊袋内植入带人工虹膜隔张力环治疗部分或完全虹膜缺损，取得了较好的治疗效果，开辟了该类疾病治疗的新思路。     

Bevacizumab联合视网膜光凝治疗虹膜和视网膜新生血管

目的:观察Bevacizumab玻璃体腔注射联合视网膜光凝治疗虹膜和视网膜新生血管的疗效和安全性。方法:回顾分析虹膜和视网膜新生血管患者13例13眼玻璃体腔注射Bevacizumab联合视网膜光凝治疗的临床随访资料。13眼中视网膜新生血管9眼(其中继发于视网膜分支静脉阻塞的2眼,增生型糖尿病视网膜病变的6眼,Eales病的1眼),虹膜新生血管4眼(均继发于视网膜中央静脉阻塞)。13眼全部行玻璃体腔注射1.25mg/0.05mL的Bevacizumab,术前或术后分次补充完成视网膜光凝。随诊3～18mo,随访期间发现新生血管复发者,再行同样方法的注射和光凝治疗。观察治疗前后最佳矫正视力、眼压、眼底荧光血管造影。结果:经治疗后,13眼中8眼(61.5%)视力提高,4眼(30.8%)视力保持不变,1眼(7.7%)视力下降;6例合并玻璃体积血,术后均明显吸收;13眼视网膜及虹膜新生血管均消退,随诊期间复发2眼,行第二次注射和光凝治疗后新生血管无复发。虹膜新生血管(新生血管性青光眼)4眼中2眼治疗后眼压下降,随访期间均控制正常,另2眼联合青光眼阀植入后眼压控制正常。随诊期中,其余9眼眼压无升高。1例患者注药后结膜下出血,其余患者未出现其他并发症。结论:Bevacizumab玻璃体腔注射联合视网膜光凝治疗虹膜和视网膜新生血管在短期内能促进玻璃体积血吸收和新生血管萎缩,副作用少;但尚需进一步大样本、多中心的临床随机对照研究。