关节镜下复位“双钢丝四隧道法”固定治疗胫骨髁间嵴骨折

目的探讨在关节镜辅助下对胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折进行复位,并应用＂双钢丝四隧道法＂对骨折块进行固定的临床疗效。方法自2010年3月至2011年9月在关节镜监视下对18例胫骨髁间棘撕脱骨折患者进行撬拨复位,并应用双股钢丝通过四隧道对骨折块进行固定。术后早期功能锻炼,采用Lysholm膝关节评分标准进行评估。结果本组18例患者均获随访,随访时间6～15个月。术后6周摄X线片示骨折均达到临床愈合,未出现移位等情况;膝关节稳定性好,未出现关节肿胀及交锁等情况。Lachman试验阴性,膝关节屈伸功能正常,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为（89.7±2.3）分;12周时,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为（93.8±3.7）分;24周时,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为（95.6±2.4）分。结论在关节镜监视下应用＂双钢丝四隧道法＂对胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折进行复位和固定,具有损伤小、复位固定确切、有利于关节功能早期恢复等优点,疗效满意。     

关节镜下钢丝固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的 探讨关节镜下钢丝内固定治疗前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效.方法 自2003年1月～2009年6月采用关节镜下复位钢丝内固定治疗13例移位的ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折,术后可调式支具保护,积极康复训练.采用Lysholm评分对手术前、后膝关节功能进行评价,术后定期复查膝关节X线片.结果 13例获6～3...     

关节镜下固定移位的胫骨髁间嵴撕脱性骨折

目的探讨关节镜下应用钢丝固定移位的胫骨髁间嵴撕脱性骨折的临床效果。方法自2003年1月至2010年12月对35例移位的胫骨髁间嵴撕脱性骨折患者在关节镜下应用钢丝固定,根据Meyers和McKeever分型,Ⅱ型17例,Ⅲ型14例,Ⅳ型4例。术后X线观察骨折愈合。根据Lysholm评分评价膝关节功能,配对t检验比较术前和随访末膝关节功能。结果平均随访时间（16.94±3.06）个月,无切口及关节内感染。术后X线检查显示骨折解剖复位,骨折平均愈合时间（11.91±4.30）周,随访末平均Lysholm评分（92.63±5.46）分,与术前（27.49±10.83）分比较,差异具有统计学意义（t=61.29,P〈0.05）。结论关节镜下应用钢丝固定移位的胫骨髁间嵴撕脱性骨折适用范围广,操作简单,具有创伤小,固定可靠,并发症少,关节功能恢复快,内固定物关节外取出方便的优点。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折病理解剖观察与手术技术选择

目的观察关节镜下前交叉韧带（ACL）胫骨止点撕脱性骨折移位的病理解剖与手术技术选择的关系。方法对23例ACL胫骨止点撕脱性骨折行关节镜下观察,明确骨折移位情况及骨折端难以手术复位的原因。采用在关节镜下结合常规关节镜入路和经髌腱入路进行骨折复位固定。使用双根5号Ethibond聚乙烯缝线将ACL环绕,缝合线引到胫骨平台下打结并结合空心钉固定打结线。结果23例撕脱骨折面均不平整,骨折两端间存留碎骨片及血凝块嵌入16例、膝横韧带嵌入7例、髌下滑膜嵌入4例、内侧半月板前角嵌入5例。14例Ⅲ型骨折中13例撕脱骨折块除与ACL相连外,还与外侧半月板前角相连,骨块向上外明显移位。手术时间40～60（50±6.46）min。23例均获随访,时间10～26（15±3.95）个月。术后3个月骨折均获愈合,未出现骨折移位。根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分：术前19～42（30.13±6.36）分;术后6个月90～98（93.91±2.56）分（t=49.92,P〈0.01）。结论移位的ACL胫骨止点撕脱性骨折块不仅与ACL相连,而且绝大部分还与外侧半月板前角相连,两者力学作用方向不同是其难以复位的主要原因。关节镜下缝线8字打结空心钉固定治疗ACL胫骨止点撕脱性骨折疗效确切。     

关节镜下双隧道技术不可吸收缝线固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的 探讨关节镜下运用双隧道技术不可吸收缝线固定治疗前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament, ACL）胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析我院2015年5月至2017年6月采用关节镜下双隧道技术不可吸收缝线固定治疗ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折10例,收集手术时间、术中出血量、前抽屉试验及Lachman试验情况;比较其手术前后的国际膝关节文献委员会（the international knee documentation committee, IKDC）膝关节评分及Lysholm膝关节功能评分;通过X线片评价骨折复位及愈合情况。结果 本组病人术后均未出现严重并发症,前抽屉试验及Lachman试验均为阴性。术后随访12~24个月,平均17.7个月。末次随访时的Lysholm评分和IKDC评分分别为（86.60±5.10）分、（88.40±5.76）分,均较术前显著提高,差异具有统计学意义（t=18.515,P＜0.001;t=20.672,P＜0.001）;复查X线片示骨折复位及愈合满意。结论 关节镜下运用双隧道技术不可吸收缝线固定治疗ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折,可有效恢复膝关节稳定性,疗效满意。     

关节镜下复位缝合锚钉固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床效果分析

目的 探讨关节镜下复位缝合锚钉固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床效果.方法 回顾26例关节镜下复位缝合锚钉固定治疗前交叉韧带（Anterior Cruciate Ligament,ACL）胫骨止点撕脱骨折,观察骨折复位、愈合情况,膝关节的活动度及稳定性及Lysholm评分等.结果 本组26例均获随访,随访时间6～36个月.骨折均为解剖复位及近解剖复位,且均为骨性愈合.关节活动度用Lysholm评分,术前平均（7.7±1.5）分,术后平均（95.6±5.3）分.关节稳定性用KT2000检查结果均正常,前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、轴移试验均阴性.结论 关节镜下复位缝合锚钉固定治疗ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折创伤小,固定牢靠,可恢复前交叉韧带长度及强度,早期功能锻炼,功能恢复良好,且不需取出内固定.     

关节镜下空心钉内固定治疗青少年前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨膝关节镜下空心钉内固定治疗青少年前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术方法和疗效。方法对17例ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折均采用关节镜下前外侧入路单或双枚空心钉内固定。结果 17例均获随访5～24个月,X线片示骨折复位满意,均骨性愈合。末次随访时Lysholm评分92～100分,平均96.7分。结论膝关节镜下单或双枚空心钉内固定前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折技术具有微创、便捷、固定可靠的优点,值得推广。     

胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折关节镜下内固定治疗

目的 :探索在关节镜下对胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折进行内固定的微创手术方法。方法 :从 1993年 1月～1998年 12月 ,共 9例胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折患者在关节镜下进行复位和钢丝内固定治疗 ,其中 3例合并有内侧半月板损伤 ,1例行半月板缝合 ,2例行半月板部分切除。 1例合并有胫骨外侧平台骨折行撬拨复位 ,螺丝钉内固定术。受伤至手术时间平均 6 5d。结果 :9例中有 7例得到了 3 6个月以上的随访 ,平均 43 2个月。采用Lysholm评分法评估患者手术后的功能 ,平均 88 3分 ,优良率 85 7%。客观检查 :前抽屉试验阳性 ,术前 7例 ,术后均阴性 ;Lachman征阳性 ,术前 7例 ,术后 1例弱阳性。术后遗留膝关节活动后疼痛 1例 ;膝关节活动部分受限 2例。结论 :关节镜下对胫骨髁间嵴撕脱骨折进行内固定治疗具有手术创伤小、功能恢复快的优点 ,值得推广。     

关节镜下分型治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨关节镜下分型治疗前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术方法和疗效。方法关节镜下分型治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折26例,13例采用空心钉内固定,2例患儿采用丝线固定,11例采用钢丝固定。结果 26例获平均19.8(6~36)个月随访。术后3个月膝关节功能Lysholm评分平均(93.52±2.27)分,术后1年平均(96.20±1.58)分。结论关节镜下分型治疗ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折具有创伤小、固定可靠、并发症少等优点,可有效重建膝关节的稳定。     

关节镜下“8”字缝线固定治疗前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性撕脱骨折的临床观察

目的分析关节镜下"8"字缝线固定治疗前交叉韧带(ACL)胫骨止点撕脱性撕脱骨折的临床效果。方法对32例ACL胫骨止点撕脱性撕脱骨折患者采取关节镜下"8"字缝线固定手术治疗。对其治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果 32例患者均成功完成手术。术后X线片显示骨折复位良好。随访12~18个月,骨折完全愈合。无骨折移位、屈伸受限等并发症病例。膝关节活动度恢复至正常范围。末次随访患者Lysholm膝关节功能评分及IKDC2000膝关节主观功能评分均优于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下应用"8"字缝线固定ACL胫骨止点撕脱性撕脱骨折,创伤小、骨折固定可靠、愈合好,膝关节功能恢复好。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.