电磁辐射诱导PC12细胞凋亡中丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的差别激活

目的探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导系统的差别激活与电磁辐射诱导PC12细胞凋亡的关系。方法以65mWcm2电磁波辐照离体培养PC12细胞20min,分为辐照后即刻及3、12、24h共4个观察时相点,采用流式细胞仪检测PC12细胞凋亡率,采用蛋白质免疫印迹法检测ERK12、JNK、P38MAPK蛋白质磷酸化水平。结果电磁波辐照后即刻PC12细胞凋亡开始增加;3h后凋亡细胞进一步明显增多,凋亡率约为23.5%;12h后细胞凋亡率与3h相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);24h后细胞凋亡再次明显增加,并达到高峰。电磁辐射后PC12细胞ERK12和JNK蛋白质磷酸化都明显增加,但ERK12的增加持续到3h,JNK蛋白磷酸化水平增高一直持续到12h,24h后两者都较对照组明显降低。P38MAPK蛋白质磷酸化水平在辐照后一直处于较高水平,其变化趋势呈双峰状,即在3h和24h出现2次磷酸化高峰。结论电磁辐射可以激活MAPK信号转导系统,但ERK12、JNK、P38MAPK表现为差别激活。MAPK信号转导系统可能参与了电磁辐射诱导的PC12细胞凋亡,正是MAPK这种差别激活才导致PC12细胞出现特有的凋亡变化形式。     

The low-dose ionizing radiation stimulates cell proliferation via activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway in rat cultured mesenchymal stem cells

Hormesis induced by low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) is often mirrored by its stimulation of cell proliferation. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/ extracellular-signal- regulated kinases (ERK) pathway is known to play important roles in cell growth. Therefore, this study was to examine the effects of LDIR on rat mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Rat MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow from 6 to 8-week-old male Wistar rats and cultured in vitro. Exponentially growing cells within 4-5 passages were irradiated with low doses of X-rays at 20, 50, 75 and 100 mGy with a dose rate of 100 mGy/min. Cell proliferation was evaluated by counting total viable cell number with trypan-blue staining and MTT assay. Cell cycle changes were also evaluated by flow cytometry and the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway was assayed by Western blotting. Results showed that LDIR at 50 and 75 mGy significantly stimulated the proliferation of rat MSCs with the most stimulating effect at 75 mGy. There was a significant increase in the proportion of S phase cells in MSCs in response to 75 mGy X-rays. Activation of several members in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, including c-Raf, MEK and ERK were observed in the cells exposed to 75 mGy X-rays. To define the role of ERK activation in LDIR-stimulated cell proliferation, LDIR-treated MSCs were pre-incubated with MEK specific inhibitor U0126, which completely abolished LDIR-increased phosphorylation of ERK and cell proliferation. These results suggest that LDIR stimulates MSC proliferations in the in vitro condition via the activation of MAPK/ERK pathway.     

MAPK信号转导通路与神经损伤研究进展

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)是一种胞浆内广泛分布的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,在真核细胞中,由4条平行的信号转导通路组成。细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK 1/2)通路、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)和(或)应激活化蛋白激酶(SAPK)通路、p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)通路和细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶5(ERK 5)/大丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1(BMKl)通路。近年来的研究发现MAPK信号通路与神经损伤相关。ERK 1/2和p38在神经损伤的区域迅速磷酸化激活,减少神经损伤对机体带来的影响;磷酸化JNK在神经损伤部位聚集,促进神经细胞的凋亡,加重神经损伤的发生;ERK 5是细胞增殖与分化、器官发生与胚胎发育中不可缺少的信号蛋白,磷酸化ERK 5通过促进胰岛素在神经元中的表达促进神经细胞存活。除此之外MAPK各分子在不同刺激和不同疾病中的作用不同。     

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路正性调节苯并(a)芘所致细胞周期改变

目的 研究苯并（a）芘（BaP）对人胚肺成纤维细胞（HELF）的细胞周期分布及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号分子（ERK1／2、JNK1／2和p38）磷酸化水平的影响,并探讨MAPK磷酸化水平改变与细胞周期效应之间的关系。方法 用0．1、0．5、2．5和12．5μmol／L的BaP处理HELF细胞24h,用蛋白印迹方法检测ERK1／2、JNK1／2和p38蛋白激酶的磷酸化水平和蛋白总量的改变,利用流式细胞技术检测2．5μmol／LBaP处理24h后对HELF细胞周期的影响。结果 不同剂量BaP可明显提高ERK1／2、JNK1／2和p38蛋白激酶磷酸化水平;2．5μmol／LBaP处理24h,细胞周期分布与二甲基亚砜对照组相比,G0与G1期细胞数下降了11．9％（F=41．38,P〈0．01）,S期细胞数增加了17．2％（F=68．13,P〈0．01）;三种MAPK化学抑制剂（AG126、SP600125及SB203580）可明显抑制BaP处理引起的细胞周期的改变。结论 ERK1／2、JNK1／2和p38均参与了BaP所致细胞周期改变过程．并发挥币性调节作用。     

Resveratrol enhances the differentiation induced by butyrate in caco-2 colon cancer cells

Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced in the colon by microbial fermentation of fiber, inhibits growth of colonic carcinoma cells while inducing differentiation. Resveratrol, a plant polyphenol found in red wine and peanuts, has been shown to exert chemopreventive properties on colon cancer cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether resveratrol modulates the effects of butyrate on Caco-2, a colonic adenocarcinoma cell line. The growth inhibitory effect of resveratrol (50 micromol/L) was more powerful than that of butyrate (2 mmol/L). Butyrate did not intensify the inhibition of proliferation exerted by resveratrol. Although the polyphenol enhanced the differentiation-inducing effect of butyrate, it did not elevate alkaline phosphatase activity or E-cadherin protein expression, markers of epithelial differentiation, when applied alone. Butyrate-induced transforming growth factor-beta1 secretion was inhibited by resveratrol. Treatment with the combination of resveratrol and butyrate attenuated levels of p27(Kip1), whereas resveratrol enhanced butyrate's effect on the induction of p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression. These data demonstrate a possible combined chemopreventive effect of two substances naturally occurring in the colonic lumen after ingestion of fibers and resveratrol-containing food.     

Tomato and soy polyphenols reduce insulin-like growth factor-I-stimulated rat prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptotic resistance in vitro via inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways involving tyrosine kinase

We examined the ability of polyphenols from tomatoes and soy (genistein, quercetin, kaempferol, biochanin A, daidzein and rutin) to modulate insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-induced in vitro proliferation and apoptotic resistance in the AT6.3 rat prostate cancer cell line. IGF-I at 50 micro g/L in serum-free medium produced maximum proliferation and minimized apoptosis. Polyphenols exhibited different abilities to modulate IGF-I-induced proliferation, cell cycle progression (flow cytometry) and apoptosis (Annexin V/propidium iodide and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling). Genistein, quercetin, kaempferol and biochanin A exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of growth with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) between 25 and 40 micro mol/L, whereas rutin and daidzein were less potent with an IC(50) of >60 micro mol/L. Genistein and kaempferol potently induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest. Genistein, quercetin, kaempferol and biochanin A, but not daidzein and rutin, counteracted the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Human prostate epithelial cells grown in growth factor-supplemented medium were also sensitive to growth inhibition by polyphenols. Genistein, biochanin A, quercetin and kaempferol reduced the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) content of AT6.3 cells and prevented the down-regulation of IGF-I receptor beta in response to IGF-I binding. IGF-I-stimulated proliferation was dependent on activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase pathways. Western blotting demonstrated that ERK1/2 was constitutively phosphorylated in AT6.3 cells with no change in response to IGF-I, whereas IRS-1 and AKT were rapidly and sensitively phosphorylated after IGF-I stimulation. Several polyphenols suppressed phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2, and more potently inhibited IRS-1 tyrosyl phosphorylation after IGF-I exposure. In summary, polyphenols from soy and tomato products may counteract the ability of IGF-I to stimulate proliferation and prevent apoptosis via inhibition of multiple intracellular signaling pathways involving tyrosine kinase activity.     

Lipoprotein oxidation mediated by J774 murine macrophages is inhibited by individual red wine polyphenols but not by ethanol

The in vitro capacities of individual polyphenols in red wine to inhibit the cell-mediated oxidation of lipoproteins and their effects on cell viability were determined. LDL and HDL were incubated with J774.A1 macrophages and 2 and 4 micro mol/L copper, respectively, in the absence and presence of polyphenols in ethanol at concentrations found in red wine. A mixture of polyphenols in amounts found in red wine equivalent to 0.2 g/L ethanol and 0.05 g/L ethanol inhibited thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance production from LDL by 91.7 and 45.9%, respectively, compared with ethanol controls (P < 0.01). HDL oxidation was inhibited 85 and 82.4% by the polyphenols at 0.2 and 0.05 g/L ethanol (P < 0.01). The effects of the polyphenol mixture on LDL oxidation were confirmed by measuring production of conjugated dienes and lipid peroxides, and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid reactivity. Catechin at the concentration found in red wine (1.32 micro mol/L) at an ethanol concentration equivalent to 0.2 g/L inhibited LDL oxidation by 83.2%, while epicatechin (0.56 micro mol/L) and gallic acid (1.02 micro mol/L) inhibited by 60.6 and 26.9%, respectively (P < 0.05). At 1 micro mol/L, LDL oxidation was inhibited by epicatechin, catechin and quercetin by 86.2, 79.9 and 69.4%, respectively (P < 0.05). Incubation of macrophages with ethanol alone and with polyphenols in ethanol did not affect cell viability. Our results indicate that catechin and epicatechin are the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of red wine.     

c-Jun氨基末端激酶和细胞外调节蛋白激酶信号通路对苯并(a)芘诱导人胚肺成纤维细胞c-Jun活化的调控

目的探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）信号通路在调控苯并（a）芘[B（a）P]诱导人胚肺成纤维细胞（HELF）c—Jun活化中的作用。方法2．0μmol/LB（a）P处理HELF0、3、6、12、24h后或加入不同浓度B（a）P（0．0、0．5、1．0、2．0μmol/L）处理12h后，通过免疫印迹法检测B（a）P对细胞c-Jun活性的影响；利用p38、c—Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）以及细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK）的显性失活突变体分别阻断p38、JNK和ERK活性后，观察3种MAPKs信号分子与B（a）P诱导c-Jun活化之间的关系。结果在所观察的B（a）P作用时间和浓度范围内，c—Jun蛋白表达量无明显变化；B（a）P可诱导细胞内磷酸化c—Jun（Ser63／Ser73）水平增高，并随着作用时间的延长，细胞内c—Jun的磷酸化水平也逐渐增强，至12h达到峰值（1．61±0．12，1．82±0．18），c-Jun磷酸化Ser63、Ser73与actin灰度比值分别是对照组的20．1倍、15．2倍，作用24h时细胞内c-Jun磷酸化水平呈现下降趋势，而且随着B（a）P浓度的增加，细胞内c-Jun的磷酸化水平也逐渐升高，呈现剂量-反应关系；使用显性失活突变体分别阻断JNK和ERK活性均可明显抑制B（a）P诱导细胞c—Jun磷酸化水平增加，但是阻断p38活性对B（a）P诱导细胞c—Jun磷酸化水平升高无明显影响。结论JNK和ERK信号通路调控B（a）P诱导的HELF细胞c—Jun活化，B（a）P促进c-Jun磷酸化的过程与p38信号通路无关。     

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号转导通路在电磁辐射诱导PC12细胞凋亡中的作用

目的 探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导系统的差别激活与电磁辐射诱导PC12细胞凋亡的关系.方法 经MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580、U0126预处理的PC12细胞接受65mW/cm2电磁波辐照20min,在辐照后3、24h2个观察时相点,采用蛋白质免疫印迹方法检测ERK1/2、JNK、P38 MAPK蛋白质磷酸化水平,采用Annexine-V-FITC标记流式细胞仪检测PC12细胞凋亡率.结果 电磁辐射后,PC12细胞ERK1/2的激活可以被U0126明显抑制,而SB203580对其无抑制作用.U0126和SB203580对辐照后JNK的活性无明显影响.SB203580可以明显抑制P38 MAPK的激活,而U0126对P38 MAPK激活的抑制作用不明显.SB203580可以明显减轻电磁辐射诱导的PC12细胞凋亡,而U0126预处理对细胞凋亡无明显影响.结论 电磁辐射诱导PC12细胞凋亡主要通过P38 MAPK信号通路的激活调控,而ERK通路对电磁辐射诱导的细胞凋亡无明显影响,JNK可能对辐照后早期的细胞凋亡有一定促进作用.     

Prolonged sulforaphane treatment activates survival signaling in nontumorigenic NCM460 colon cells but apoptotic signaling in tumorigenic HCT116 colon cells

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring chemopreventive agent; the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is a key mechanism by which SFN exerts its colon cancer prevention. However, little is known about the differential effects of SFN on colon cancer and normal cells. In this study, we demonstrated that SFN (15 μmol/L) exposure (72 h) inhibited cell proliferation by up to 95% in colon cancer cells (HCT116) and by 52% in normal colon mucosa-derived (NCM460) cells. Our data also showed that SFN exposure (5 and 10 μmol/L) led to the reduction of G1 phase cell distribution and an induction of apoptosis in HCT116 cells, but to a much lesser extent in NCM460 cells. Furthermore, the examination of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling status revealed that SFN upregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in NCM460 cells but not in HCT116 cells. In contrast, SFN enhanced the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and decreased cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (c-Myc) expression in HCT116 cells but not NCM460 cells. Taken together, the activation of survival signaling in NCM460 cells and apoptotic signaling in HCT116 cells may play a critical role in SFN's stronger potential of inhibiting cell proliferation in colon cancer cells than in normal colon cells.     

ERK和JNK/活化蛋白-1通路在苯并(a)芘诱导人胚肺成纤维细胞周期改变中的作用

目的探讨丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/转录因子活化蛋白-1(AP-1)信号通路在调控苯并(a)芘[B(a)P]致人胚肺成纤维细胞(HELF)周期改变中的作用。方法用AP-1荧光素酶报告基因技术检测AP-1荧光素酶活力,流式细胞术测定细胞周期时相分布,免疫印迹法检测MAPK[包括细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)和p38激酶]总量及磷酸化水平,用MAPK显性失活突变体(DN)(DN-ERK2、DN-JNK1和DN-p38)证明通路的上下游关系。结果2μmol/L B(a)P分别处理细胞0、6、122、4 h,AP-1活力在12 h达峰值,是对照组的2.22倍,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);ERK1/2、JNK1/2和p38蛋白激酶的磷酸化水平明显提高,分别是对照组的2.5、14.0和2.1倍;B(a)P处理组S期细胞比例(50.2%±4.6%)与对照组(16.7%±8.1%)相比明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);ERK2和JNK1显性失活突变体的过表达均可明显降低B(a)P诱导的AP-1活力增强,并且明显降低B(a)P处理组S期细胞比例(分别为33.3%±1.7%,30.8%±3.9%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);p38显性失活突变体的过表达对B(a)P引起的AP-1活力增强及S期细胞比例增加无影响。AP-1化学抑制剂姜黄素(20μmol/L)可明显降低B(a)P引起的S期细胞比例增加(13.6%±2.9%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ERK和JNK通过活化AP-1介导B(a)P诱导的细胞周期改变;而B(a)P诱导的AP-1活力增强及细胞周期改变与p38无关。     

三羟异黄酮对人乳腺癌细胞外调节激酶影响

目的探讨三羟异黄酮（genistein）对人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231细胞外调节激酶1/2（ERK1/2）MAPK信号转导通路的影响.方法采用四甲基偶氮噻唑蓝（MTT）比色法分别检测三羟异黄酮以及与ERK1/2上游激酶MEK1/2抑制剂联合作用时对MDA-MB-231增殖的抑制作用;应用Western blot蛋白免疫印记法分别检测ERK1/2总蛋白、c-Jun、c-Fos蛋白的表达.结果 MTT结果显示,与对照组相比,三羟异黄酮作用48h后,细胞存活度随浓度增加而降低,合用MEK1/2抑制剂细胞存活度最低;Western blot分析提示,随三羟异黄酮剂量的增加,ERK1/2、c-Jun、c-Fos蛋白表达增加,但合用抑制剂后蛋白表达降低.结论三羟异黄酮可以抑制MDA-MB-231细胞增殖,并激活了ERK1/2 MAPK信号转导通路;MEK1/2抑制剂可以抑制三羟异黄酮介导的ERK1/2活化,同时提高三羟异黄酮的肿瘤抑制作用.     

Effect of complex polyphenols on colon carcinogenesis

Summary Background: Complex polyphenols and tannins from wine (WCPT) are being considered increasingly as potential cancer chemopreventive agents, since epidemiological studies suggest that populations consuming a high amount of polyphenols in the diet may have a lower incidence of some types of cancer. Aim of the study: We studied the effect of WCPT on a series of parameters related to colon carcinogenesis in rats. Methods: WCPT were administered to F344 rats at a dose of 14 or 57 mg/kg/d, mixed with the diet. The higher dose is about ten times the exposure to polyphenols of a moderate drinker of red wine. In rats treated with WCPT, we measured fecal bile acids and long chain fatty acids, colon mucosa cell proliferation, apoptosis and, after administration of colon carcinogens, the number and size of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and nuclear aberrations. Results: Colon mucosa proliferation was not varied by chronic administration (90 d) of WCPT (14 or 57 mg/kg/d). The highest dose of WCPT decreased the number of cells in the colon crypts, but did not increase apoptosis. WCPT (57 mg/kg) administered before or after the administration of azoxymethane (AOM) did not vary the number or multiplicity of ACF in the colon. The number of nuclear aberrations (NA) in colon mucosa was studied after administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo (4,5-f)quinoline (IQ), colon-specific carcinogens which require metabolic activation. The effect of DMH and IQ was not varied by pre-feeding WCPT (57 mg/kg) for 10 d. Similarly, the levels of total, secondary bile acids and long chain fatty acids did not varied significantly in animals fed WCPT for 90 d. Conclusions: WCPT administration does not influence parameters related to colon carcinogenesis in the rat. Received: 18 January 1999, Accepted: 18 May 1999     

石英通过丝裂素活化蛋白激酶通路引起人胚肺成纤维细胞周期的改变

目的 探讨在石英刺激的人胚肺成纤维细胞(human embryo lung fibroblasts,HELF)中细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)、应激活化蛋白激酶(JNK),细胞周期蛋白DI(cyclin D1)通路在石英诱导的细胞周期改变中的作用.方法 建立稳定转染转录因子AP-1荧光素酶报告基冈质粒的HELF系(HELF-AP-1)及AP-1荧光素酶报告基因质粒与丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)显性失活突变体质粒(DN-ERK、DN-JNK和DN-p38)分别共转染的HELF系(简称DN-ERK、DN-JNK和DN-p38).将HELF-AP-1、DN-ERK、DN-JNK和DN-p38细胞分为对照组和石英组(共8组),各对照组不加任何处理,石英组用200 μg/ml石英处理HELF细胞24 h.用免疫印迹(Western blot)法和免疫荧光法检测cyclin D1、细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶4(CDK4)和E2F-4蛋白表达;采用显性失活突变体技术验证MAPKs信号转导通路的上下游关系及其与细胞周期的关系;用流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化.结果 HELF-AP-1+石英组G1期细胞所占比例下降,S期细胞所占比例升高,与HELF-AP-1对照组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).抑制ERK或JNK表达后,与HELF-AP-1对照组比较,DN-ERK+石英组和DN-JNK+石英组G1期细胞百分比无明显变化.抑制p38后,DN-p38+石英组G1期细胞百分率明显下降,与HELF-AP-1对照组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与HELF-AP-1石英组比较,DN-ERK+石英组和DN-JNK+石英组CDK4表达降低和E2F-4表达增多,而DN-p38+石英组CDK4表达和E2F-4表达没有改变.与HELF-AP-1+石英组比较,DN-ERK+石英组和DN-JNK+石英组cyclin D1表达降低,而DN-p38+石英组cyclin D1没有改变.结论 ERK和JNK通过cyclin D1和CDK4介导石英诱导的HELF的细胞周期改变,而石英诱导的细胞周期改变与p38无关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) on silica-induced cell cycle changes. Methods After cells were treated with 200 μg/ml silica, Western blot and Immunofluorescence assays were utilized to detect the expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and E2F-4, Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle progression, the dominant negative mutants techniques were used to investigate silica-induced signal pathway and the effects of which in silica-induced cell cycle changes. Results After cells were exposed to 200 μg/ml silica 24 h, the results of present study showed the proportion of cells in G1 phases was decreased. Silica-induced cell cycle alternation was markedly impaired by stable expression of a dominant negative mutants of ERK or JNK, but not p38. It was found that ERK and JNK were involved in silica-induced cyclin D1 and CDK4 overexpression and the decreased expression of E2F-4. Conclusion ERK and JNK, but not p38, mediated silica-induced cell cycle changes in human embryo lung fibroblasts.     

Dietary catechin delays tumor onset in a transgenic mouse model

BACKGROUND: Evidence exists that red wine, which contains a large array of polyphenols, is protective against cardiovascular disease and possibly cancer. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that catechin, the major monomeric polyphenol in red wine, can delay tumor onset in transgenic mice that spontaneously develop tumors. DESIGN: Mice were fed a nutritionally complete amino acid-based diet supplemented with (+)-catechin (0-8 mmol/kg diet) or alcohol-free solids from red wine. Mice were examined daily; the age at which a first tumor appeared was recorded as the age at tumor onset. Plasma catechin and metabolite concentrations were quantified at the end of the study. RESULTS: Dietary catechin significantly delayed tumor onset; a positive, linear relation was observed between the age at tumor onset and either the amount of dietary catechin (r(2) = 0.761, P < 0.001) or plasma catechin and metabolite concentrations (r(2) = 0.408, P = 0.003). No significant effects on tumor onset were observed when mice consumed a diet supplemented with wine solids containing <0.22 mmol catechin/kg diet, whereas a previous study showed that wine solids with a similar total polyphenol concentration but containing approximately 4 times more catechin significantly delayed tumor onset by approximately 30 d compared with a control diet. The catechin composition of the wines is directly related to processing conditions during vinification. CONCLUSIONS: Physiologic intakes of specific dietary polyphenols, such as catechin, may play an important role in cancer chemoprevention. Wines have different polyphenol concentrations and compositions; therefore, the overall health benefits of individual wines differ.     

较低浓度纳米二氧化钛颗粒对细胞增殖的影响及其机制研究

[目的]探讨不同浓度纳米二氧化钛（nanosized titanium dioxide,Nano-TiO2）颗粒对人肺上皮细胞（A549细胞）增殖的影响及其可能机制。[方法]采用不同粒径（5、10和40 nm）和浓度（0、0.125、0.25、0.5、1、2、4、8、16 mg/L）的Nano-TiO2处理A549细胞24 h,用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法和细胞计数法观察Nano-TiO2对细胞增殖的影响;用流式细胞术检测Nano-TiO2对细胞凋亡的影响;用蛋白质免疫印记法（Western Blot）测定Nano-TiO2对细胞外调节蛋白激酶（extracellular-receptor kinase,ERK）的影响。并采用ERK特异性抑制剂PD98059（20μmol/L）对细胞进行预处理30 min后,MTT法观察ERK抑制剂对低浓度Nano-TiO2（0.5 mg/L）调节细胞增殖的影响。[结果]不同粒径的Nano-TiO2均表现出较低浓度（≤4 mg/L）促进细胞增殖,较高浓度（≥8 mg/L）抑制细胞活力的作用,而更高浓度Nano-TiO2（16 mg/L）可引起细胞凋亡的发生。进一步研究发现,低浓度Nano-TiO2（0.5 mg/L）可引起细胞磷酸化ERK表达增强,ERK抑制剂PD98059可明显抑制低浓度Nano-TiO2（0.5 mg/L）的促细胞增殖作用。[结论]低浓度Nano-TiO2可通过激活ERK促进细胞增殖,较高浓度Nano-TiO2则引发细胞凋亡发挥其抑制细胞活力的作用;不同粒径Nano-TiO2的效应之间没有明显差异。     

氨基胍抑制高果糖诱导脑血管平滑肌细胞增殖的作用和机制

目的研究氨基胍对高果糖诱导的大鼠脑基底动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响和机制。方法原代培养大鼠脑基底动脉血管平滑肌细胞,用CCK8法测定不同浓度(50、100μmo/lL)氨基胍对15和30 mmo/lL果糖预诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。western blotting方法检测高果糖刺激后AKT以及JNK激酶表达的变化;以及检测不同浓度氨基胍预处理后对上述指标的影响。结果高果糖(30 mmo/lL)显著促进大鼠脑基底动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖(0.768±0.032比0.374±0.054,P<0.01),在给予不同浓度(50、100μmo/lL)氨基胍后,平滑肌细胞增殖明显下降(0.584±0.063和0.387±0.031比0.768±0.032,P<0.01)。高果糖还明显刺激AKT以及JNK蛋白的表达,而给予氨基胍后可有效抑制上述蛋白表达。结论高果糖可诱导脑基底动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖,而氨基胍可能通过抑制MAPK以及PI3K信号途径改善高果糖对平滑肌的增殖作用。