放大内镜结合窄带成像技术指导活检对诊断早期胃癌的重要性

目的评估放大内镜结合窄带成像技术（ME—NBI）在胃黏膜病变靶向活检中的意义。方法前瞻性收集2011年5月至2013年5月经普通白光内镜检查发现胃部可疑早期病变并取得活检病理者纳入研究,进一步行ME-NBI检查并指导再次活检,所有患者接受内镜下治疗。以内镜切除病理结果为金标准,比较2次内镜活检病理的诊断准确度。结果研究纳入113例患者。白光内镜活检病理、ME-NBI靶向活检病理与最终病理相比,总体符合率由22．1％（25／113）提高到54．0％（61／113,P〈0．0001）。对早期胃癌和高级别上皮内瘤变的诊断,ME-NBI靶向病理与白光内镜活检病理的灵敏度分别为70．9％和37．9％（P〈0．0001）;特异度均为90．0％;准确度分别为72．6％和42．5％（P〈0．0001）;阳性预测值分别为98．6％和97．5％,阴性预测值分别为23．1％和12．3％,差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。ME—NBI靶向活检病理相对白光内镜活检病理的总体进展率为46．9％（53／113）。结论对于早期胃癌的诊断,ME-NBI靶向活检病理结果显著优于普通白光内镜,可为内镜切除治疗提供更好的依据。     

增强放大内镜对早期胃癌的诊断价值

目的评价冰醋酸．靛胭酯增强的放大内镜（ME-AIM）和窄带成像增强的放大内镜（ME—NBI）对早期胃癌的诊断价值。方法对普通白光内镜（WLE）依据黏膜形态或色泽发生异常改变筛查出的317处局灶性病变先后行ME—NBI和ME-AIM检查,以活检病理学诊断结果为金标准,统计分析各种检查方法诊断早期胃癌的准确性。结果对于早期胃癌的诊断,ME—NBI的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为100．0％（11／11）、99．7％（305／-306）和99．7％（316／317）,ME-AIM分别为90．9％（10／11）、99．0％（303／306）”和98．7％（313／317）,WLE分别为72．7％（8／11）、88．2％（270／306）和87．7％（278／317）。ME—NBI和ME．AIM诊断早期胃癌的特异度和准确率显著高于wLE,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;尽管ME-NBI‘和ME=AIM诊断早期胃癌的敏感度也高于WLE,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。而ME-NBI与ME—AIM在诊断早期胃癌的敏感度、特异度和准确率方面差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论wLE仍然是早期胃癌筛查首选的检查方法。ME-NBI和ME-AIM均能提高诊断的准确性,且两者诊断价值相似。     

放大胃镜结合窄带成像技术在早期胃癌诊断中的应用价值研究

目的通过分析放大胃镜结合窄带成像技术（ME—NBI）诊断早期胃癌的准确性,评价其临床应用价值。方法2010年3月至2010年12月行普通白光内镜（WLE）检查发现局灶性病变且年龄大于35岁的143例患者150处病灶纳入研究,局灶性病变包括黏膜形态异常（隆起、凹陷及粗糙不平整）和黏膜色泽异常（较周围黏膜发红或发白）,将进展期胃癌、黏膜下病变及有胃手术史者排除出研究。所有患者签署知情同意书后接受ME—NBI检查,参照国外最新相关文献研究结果,研究中初步建立了一个ME-NBI诊断早期胃癌的国内标准,以此标准对病变作出诊断。所有病变进行组织活检后送检病理,以病理组织学诊断为金标准,分析ME-NBI诊断早期胃癌的准确性。结果150处局灶性病变中,病理组织学证实非癌性病变为131处,癌性病变19处（8处病变行内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗,11处病变行手术治疗）。WLE诊断早期胃癌的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为94．7％、53．4％、22．8％、98．6％和58．7％,ME-NBI对应值分别为73．7％、99．2％、93．3％、96．3％和96．0％,ME-NBI诊断早期胃癌的准确性明显高于WLE（P〈0．05）。黏膜腺管开口形态紊乱不规则或消失、微血管形态紊乱不规则或毛细血管网消失是早期胃癌在ME—NBI下最为特征性的改变。结论WLE仍是早期胃癌筛查首选的检查方法,对疑似病变进一步行ME—NBI检查具有重要意义,如条件不允许则要尽可能地进行组织学活检;提出的ME-NBI诊断标准诊断早期胃癌的准确性令人满意,但最终还需要进行多中心的研究来进一步验证。     

窄带成像技术诊断早期食管癌及其癌前病变的临床应用价值

目的探讨窄带成像技术（narrow-banding imaging，NBI）在早期食管癌及其癌前病变诊断中的临床应用价值。方法在白光和NBI模式下观察食管黏膜，记录病变的大小、范围，同时进行NBI分级。再应用NBI结合放大内镜观察病变部位上皮乳头内毛细血管袢（intrapapillary capillary loop，IPCL）形态，同时进行IPCL形态分型。最后应用1．2％碘液进行全食管染色，记录碘染色阳性部位大小、范围，并进行碘染色分级。对于NBI模式阴性而碘染色阳性的病变，再次应用NBI结合放大内镜进行检查。对所有NBI阳性及碘染色阳性部位均取活检。以病理结果作为诊断金标准，将其他检查结果与之作对照。结果（1）应用白光、NBI模式及碘染色检查72例患者中共发现104个病变。其中自光模式下，高年资和低年资内镜医师对病变检出率分别为82．7％（86／104）和70．2％（73／104）；应用NBI模式及碘染色后两位医师对病变的检出率相同，NBI模式均为86．5％（90／104），碘染色均为100．0％。（2）所有高级别黏膜内瘤变碘染色阳性，其中83．0％（39／47）碘染色分级为Ⅰ级；所有低级别黏膜内瘤变碘染色也为阳性，但其中87．2％（41／47）碘染色分级为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。（3）91．5％（43／47）高级别黏膜内瘤变NBI阳性，其中69．8％（30／43）NBI分级为Ⅰ级；57．4％（27／47）低级别黏膜内瘤变NBI阳性，其中85．2％（23／27）NBI分级为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。（4）93．6％（44／47）高级别黏膜内瘤变IPCL形态异常，其中88．6％（39／44）IPCL分型为Ⅳ、Ⅴ型；76．6％（36／47）低级别黏膜内瘤变IPCL形态异常，其中77．8％（28／36）IPCL分型为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型。结论与白光模式相比，NBI模式与碘染色均可增强病变的识别性，提高内镜医师对病变的检出率。NBI结合放大内镜可提高对高级别黏膜内瘤变诊断的符合率，效果与碘染色相当。NBI在早期食管癌及癌前病变诊断有一定的临床应用价值。     

窄带成像技术在Barrett食管诊断中的作用

[目的]为早期发现和诊断Barrett食管(BE)肠上皮化生(IM)细胞等癌前病变方法.[方法]选择2009年1月～2011年1月间在我院行胃镜检查的78例患者,按普通内镜、内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)各39例进行活检,观察其IM和不典型增生(ATP)检出率,进行病理活检,比较前后差异.[结果]NBI病理活检IM和ATP检出率明显高于普通胃镜(P＜0.00).[结论]NBI作为一种新型的内镜检查系统,不仅操作简单,且病变轮廓显示清晰,对BE进行靶向病理活检具有良好指导意义和临床实用价值.     

窄带成像放大内镜鉴别大肠肿瘤性与非肿瘤性病变的价值

目的 探讨窄带成像放大内镜（NBI—ME）鉴别大肠肿瘤性与非肿瘤性病变表面网状微血管结构改变的临床价值。方法选择常规内镜检出大肠肿瘤性、非肿瘤性病变144处（102例）,记录NBI—ME观察病变表面微血管结构（CP）形态和染色放大内镜观察病变黏膜表面腺管开口（pit）形态。分析pit周围CP形态变化,比较两者形态间的关系。所有病变经内镜或手术治疗后行组织病理学检查。结果常规内镜鉴别病变是否为肿瘤性的准确率75．7％、敏感性85．1％、特异性40．0％,明显低于NBI—ME和染色放大内镜（P〈0．005）,NBI—ME和染色放大内镜间则未见差异。CP分型与pit分型对照,CP—Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅵa型分别与pitⅠ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ1型间一致性达100％。144处病变中,内镜治疗129处,手术治疗15处。组织病理学检查：非肿瘤性30处（增生性息肉17处、炎症性息肉13处）;肿瘤性114处（腺瘤95处、腺癌19处）。结论初步显示NBI—ME和染色放大内镜之间具有正相关性,两种检查方法互补可作为当前鉴别大肠病变是否为肿瘤性的重要手段。     

放大内镜下胃食管反流性疾病的临床研究

目的应用放大胃镜观察胃食管反流病内镜下表现，探讨其特征性微细结构表现。方法66例胃食管反流性疾病者（非糜烂性食管炎NERD44例、糜烂性食管炎EE12例、Barrett食管10例）和9名健康志愿者行24小时食管pH检测和放大胃镜检查，于病变部取活检行H．pylori检测。结果内镜下，NERD组77．2％患者齿状线呈锯齿状、三角形及舌形与正常对照组比较差异有显著性（P＜0．01）；EE组83．3％患者食管下段粘膜血管呈螺旋型、不规则型炎症性表现与NERD组比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05）；Barreu组100％患者齿状线下黏膜小凹形态呈分枝状、斑片状或绒毛状，与EE组相比差异有显著性（确切概率法P=0．0396）。结论放大内镜下胃食管返流病特征性表现对于胃食管反流病的诊断有重要意义。     

内镜窄带成像技术在Barrett食管诊治中的应用

[目的]探讨内镜窄带成像技术（narrow band imaging,NBI）在Barrett食管（Barrett’s esophagus,BE）诊治中的应用价值。[方法]选择2008年9月～2011年2月内镜检测的BE患者200例,按普通内镜、NBI模式依次观察,评价各检查方法图像的清晰度,在改变最显著部位进行靶向活检;监测组中经组织学确诊且愿意接受内镜干预的病理BE患者100例进入治疗组,随机在普通内镜或NBI定位下行相应治疗各50例,术后2、6个月应用NBI对原病灶处进行复查。[结果]监测组在普通内镜、NBI模式下活检的病理BE符合率分别为57.0%（57/100）、83.0%（83/100）,NBI对BE病灶显示的清晰度、检出率均明显高于普通模式。治疗组患者在普通内镜、NBI模式定位下行相应的内镜治疗,术后2个月原病灶处创面均已愈合,术后6个月复发分别为32.0%（16/50）,10.0%（5/50）,NBI定位下治疗效果明显高于普通模式。[结论]NBI对BE病变大小、轮廓显示清晰,有助于病灶靶向活检,显著提高BE的检出率;指导＂靶向定位＂局灶性切除,明显提高内镜下治疗效果。     

透明帽在Barrett食管诊断中的应用

目的探讨胃镜下采用透明帽对提高Barrett食管（BE）检出率的可行性。方法前瞻性收集168例胃镜检查疑诊为BE的患者,非选择性地分成两组：一组胃镜头端安装一个改良透明帽简称透明帽组,对疑似BE病变处进行活检,共60例;另一组为对照组108例,胃镜下直接对可疑病变进行活检,每例病变活检二块,检出柱状上皮即可诊断为BE。然后再比较两组的检出率。结果透明帽组BE检出率83．3％（50／60）,对照组BE检出率69．4％（75／108）,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论胃镜下采用透明帽可使贲门部病变暴露清楚,易于定位活检,有助BE的检出,具有独特的优点和临床应用价值。     

内镜窄带成像技术在早期食管癌及癌前病变诊断中的应用

目的 探讨内镜窄带成像技术(NBI)在食管癌及癌前病变诊断中的价值.方法 对205例患者采用普通胃镜及胃镜NBI检查食管,病灶取病理活检,食管癌及中重度异型增生者进入本研究,比较普通胃镜及胃镜NBI对食管癌及中重度异型增生的诊断价值,分析食管癌及癌前病变的NBI表现.结果 普通放大胃镜不易观察到食管上皮内血管,NBI观察食管黏膜呈淡青色,放大观察可清楚地观察到茶色的食管上皮内血管及青色的深层血管.NBI观察早期食管癌及异型增生病灶呈茶色,病灶处深层血管不能显示.5例中重度异型增生及2例m1癌病灶的上皮乳头内血管环(IPCL)均表现为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-1型改变,2例m2癌为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-2型改变;3例m3及1例sm1癌为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-3型改变;3例sm2及8例进展期癌为IPCL-Type Ⅳ-4型改变.结论 NBI可观察食管黏膜及黏膜下的血管改变,较普通胃镜更易发现早期食管癌及癌前病变病灶.     

Surveillance using trimodal imaging endoscopy after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial gastric neoplasia

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of trimodal imaging endoscopy(TME)to detect another lesion afterendoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for superficial gastric neoplasia(SGN).METHODS:Surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)using a TME was conducted in 182 patients that had undergone ESD for SGN.Autofluorescence imaging(AFI)was conducted after white-light imaging(WLI).When SGN was suspicious,magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging(ME-NBI)was conducted.Final diagnoses were made by histopathologic findings of biopsy specimens.The detection rates of lesions in WLI,AFI,and NBI,and the characteristics of lesions detected by WLI and ones missed by WLI but detected by AFI were examined.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis using WLI,AFI and ME-NBI were evaluated.RESULTS:In 242 surveillance EGDs,27 lesions were determined pathologically to be neoplasias.Sixteen early gastric cancers and 6 gastric adenomas could be detected by WLI.Sixteen lesions were reddish and 6were whitish.Five gastric neoplasias were missed by WLI but were detected by AFI,and all were whitish and protruded gastric adenomas.There was a significant difference in color and pathology between the two groups(P=0.006).Sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in MENBI were higher than those in both WLI and AFI.Specificity and accuracy in AFI were lower than those in WLI.CONCLUSION:Surveillance using trimodal imaging endoscopy might be useful for detecting another lesion after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial gastric neoplasia.     

探讨胃粘膜低级别上皮内瘤变行ME-NBI的临床价值

目的：探讨活检胃粘膜低级别上皮内瘤变行ME-NBI的临床价值。方法：纳入2016.01-2018.06在我院门诊胃镜活检病理诊断为胃粘膜低级别上皮内瘤变患者148例,均行ME-NBI、靶向活检病理检查、超声内镜、腹部增强CT等检查及ESD治疗,详细记录检查结果及手术情况、ESD术后病理、并发症等资料。结果：ME-NBI检查、ME-NBI指导下靶向活检、ESD术后病理诊断癌性病变分别为19例、17例、20例、两两之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。以ESD术后病理为最终诊断结果,常规活检、ME-NBI检查、ME-NBI指导下靶向活检的癌性病灶漏诊率分别为13.51%、0.68%、2.03%,常规活检与ME-NBI检查、靶向活检的漏诊率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。ME-NBI检查与靶向活检漏诊率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论：活检胃黏膜低级别上皮内瘤变行ME-NBI是有必要的,能够提高早期胃癌检出率、降低漏诊率。     

NBI放大内镜在胃黏膜糜烂鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨NBI放大内镜在胃黏膜糜烂鉴别诊断中的价值,以及在胃黏膜癌前病变中的诊断价值。方法应用NBI电子放大内镜,对310例患者的胃黏膜糜烂灶进行细微结构形态学观察,并与观察部位活检所得的病理组织学改变进行比较分析。结果胃黏膜糜烂灶处胃小凹形态未见到A型、B型者;365处C型中组织病理均为慢性活动性浅表性炎症;160处D型中,92.5%（148/160）为萎缩性炎症;65处E型中,86.15%（56/65）为肠上皮化生;35处F型中,91.42%（32/35）为异型增生,8.57%（3/30）为肠上皮化生。59例肠上皮化生未发现明显异常增生的毛细血管,而32例异型增生的F型黏膜表面。90.63%（29/32）呈现出不同程度异常增生的毛细血管。与病理组织学比较,NBI放大内镜观察胃黏膜糜烂小凹形态与病理组织学改变呈显著正相关（P〈0.01）。结论 NBI放大内镜在胃黏膜糜烂灶性质的判断中有很高的临床应用价值,可应用于胃黏膜癌前病变的普查。     

Magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy is superior in diagnosis of early gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of white light endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy (ME), and magnifying narrow-band imaging endoscopy (ME-NBI) in detecting early gastric cancer (EGC).METHODS: From March 2010 to June 2012, a total of 3616 patients received screening for gastric cancer by magnifying endoscopy. There were 3675 focal gastric lesions detected using conventional high definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) in four different referential hospitals that were recruited for further investigation using ME and ME-NBI. The images obtained from HD-WLE, ME, and ME-NBI were reviewed by four experienced endoscopists to evaluate their diagnostic effectiveness for EGC. The diagnosis of cancerous and non-cancerous lesions was conducted by evaluating the microvascular and microsurface patterns using the VS classification system. The final endoscopic diagnosis of each lesion was determined by consultation when a disagreement occurred. We used histopathological results as the gold standard for the diagnosis of EGC.RESULTS: Among the 3675 lesions found, 1508 were validated by pathological findings as chronic gastritis, 1279 as chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, 631 as low-grade neoplasia, and 257 as EGC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of HD-WLE for the diagnosis of EGC were 71.2%, 99.1%, 85.5%, 97.9% and 97.1%, respectively. The results of ME for diagnosing EGC were 81.3%, 98.8%, 83.3%, 98.6% and 97.6%, respectively. The results of ME-NBI for the diagnosis of EGC were 87.2%, 98.6%, 82.1%, 99.0% and 97.8%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of paired ME and ME-NBI were significantly better than those of HD-WLE (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: HD-WLE has a relatively high accuracy for diagnosing EGC and is an effective screening tool. Further investigations of ME and ME-NBI are required to achieve superior accuracy.     

Value of Magnifying Endoscopy With Narrow-Band Imaging and Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Detecting Gastric Cancerous Lesions

Although the respective potentials of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) in predicting gastric cancer has been well documented, there is a lack of studies in comparing the value and diagnostic strategy of these 2 modalities. Our primary aim is to investigate whether CLE is superior to ME-NBI for differentiation between gastric cancerous and noncancerous lesions. A secondary aim is to propose an applicable clinical strategy.We conducted a diagnostic accuracy study involving patients with suspected gastric superficial cancerous lesions. White light endoscopy, ME-NBI, and CLE were performed diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between ME-NBI and CLE were assessed, as well as agreements between ME-NBI/CLE and histopathology.This study involved 86 gastric lesions in 82 consecutive patients who underwent white light endoscopy, ME-NBI, and CLE before biopsy. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for ME-NBI were 93.75%, 91.67%, and 95.45%, compared with 91.86%, 90%, and 93.48%, respectively, for CLE, for discrimination cancerous/noncancerous lesion (all P > 0.05). For undifferentiated/differentiated adenocarcinoma, CLE had a numerically but not statistically significantly higher accuracy than ME-NBI (81.25% vs 73.33%, P = 0.46). Agreements between ME-NBI/CLE and histopathology were near perfect (ME-NBI, κ = 0.87; CLE, κ = 0.84).CLE is not superior to ME-NBI for discriminating gastric cancerous from noncancerous lesions. Endoscopist could make an optimal choice according to the specific indication and advantages of ME-NBI and CLE in daily practices.     

The Pink Zone Pattern (PP) sign: A novel simple marker for early gastric cancer

BackgroundWe previously found a pink-colored change in early gastric cancer (EGC) lesions under magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) and named it the “Pink Zoon Pattern” (PP) sign, which appeared independent of microvascular and microstructural changes. The aim of this study was to further investigate the characteristics of the PP sign in EGC.MethodsThe consecutive patients with suspicious gastric lesions detected by ME-NBI and confirmed by pathology at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between November 2020 and December 2021 were enrolled in the study. The suspicious lesions were observed and assessed by the “VS” system and the PP sign respectively.ResultsWe found that in the PP-positive group, 238 lesions (96.0%) were diagnosed as malignant. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 84.7%, 85.3%, and 81.8%. Among 164 EGC lesions diagnosed with low confidence (Grades 2, 3, and 4) using the VS system, the overall accuracy of PP to discriminate tumor from normal was 82.3%. The sensitivity and specificity were 82.7% and 81.5% respectively.ConclusionsThe PP sign could be a new simple sign for the diagnosis of EGC and as an effective supplement to VS system when using ME-NBI.     

内镜窄带成像技术在早期胃癌及异型增生诊断中的应用

目的探讨内镜窄带成像技术（NBI）对早期胃癌及异型增生的诊断价值。方法217例普通胃镜和（或）NBI下表现异常者,依次采用普通放大、NBI结合放大、靛胭脂染色并放大观察,评价各检查方法图像的清晰度,并在NBI模式下于改变最显著部位活检行病理学检查。胃癌和重度异型增生者行内镜超声检查（EUS）,早期胃癌和重度异型增生者行内镜下治疗或手术治疗。结果在观察病变轮廓方面,NBI与染色内镜或普通内镜之间差异均有统计学意义,NBI最清晰,尤其是对于局灶性浅表性病变的观察;对于胃小凹的形态观察,NBI或染色内镜均优于普通内镜;在对胃黏膜微血管的观察中,NBI具有绝对优势。217例中发现轻度异型增生19例,中度异型增生9例,重度异型增生4例,早期胃癌5例。NBI模式下,胃小凹形态分为6种类型,异型增生主要表现为Ⅴ1型及Ⅳ型,早期胃癌主要表现为Ⅵ型。NBI放大内镜下3例早期胃癌可见新生或粗大血管,其中2例观察到螺旋形毛细血管。结论NBI技术操作简便,对胃黏膜病变轮廓显示清晰,放大后更可清晰观察到胃小凹及微血管形态,有助于提高早期胃癌及异型增生的靶向活检准确率。